管道部件及典型缺陷漏磁内检测图像化显示研究

针对管道漏磁内检测图像化显示研究,采用磁偶极子模型建立漏磁场分布与缺陷特征之间对应关系。建立Φ219管道有限元仿真模型,研究永磁场对不同缺陷及管道部件的漏磁信号分析,提取管道周向360°上径向漏磁信号,并将漏磁内检测信号转化成漏磁内检测图像。结果表明,通过对漏磁数据进行图像化显示更加直观辨别缺陷及管件特征,并对后续图像处理表征缺陷大小提供参考。     

油气管道周向漏磁检测信号分析

用于检测管道腐蚀缺陷的漏磁检测方法已运用多年,但传统的轴向漏磁检测方法无法检测到狭长的轴向腐蚀缺陷,使用周向漏磁检测则能很好地弥补轴向漏磁检测的不足。周向漏磁检测及其信号分析在国内还处于起步阶段。采用ANSYS仿真软件建立了周向漏磁检测模型,并进行了电磁场模拟;对仿真模型提取的漏磁信号与腐蚀缺陷的尺寸信息进行了定性分析,提出应用BP神经网络定量分析油气管道腐蚀缺陷与漏磁信号的关系。结果表明：漏磁信号能定性地判断腐蚀缺陷,而使用BP神经网络方法可以定量地确定管道腐蚀缺陷尺寸,有助于提高检测的精度,同时也为油气管道安全评价提供了依据。     

长输油气管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术研究

以管道漏磁内检测器为载体,通过对管体进行在线的漏磁内检测,可以达到量化管道缺陷、避免事故发生的目的。文中介绍了管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术,分析了油气管道漏磁内检测技术原理及漏磁内检测系统组成,利用有限元分析方法研究了管道缺陷尺寸对于漏磁场信号的影响,验证了管道漏磁内检测技术的可靠性。     

螺旋焊缝裂纹型缺陷高清漏磁内检测器牵拉研究

为了验证高清漏磁内检测技术对焊缝处裂纹型缺陷检测能力,对西气东输二线一处裂纹型缺陷管进行了牵拉试验研究。牵拉试验结果表明:在4 m/s牵拉速度内,裂纹型缺陷信号特征明显,数据分析时可进行缺陷特征识别。在4.61 m/s最大牵拉速度下,缺陷特征信号幅值最大衰减达77%,缺陷特征仍存在,但因信号平缓,识别较困难。对利用高清漏磁内检测技术检测焊缝缺陷进行了展望。     

管道漏磁检测技术及应用

根据漏磁检测技术在国内管道内检测领域的应用实际,介绍了漏磁检测系统的3个组成部分:漏磁检测器、地面标记系统和数据分析系统,主要介绍了漏磁检测器的结构及工作原理.根据电磁感应定律及霍尔效应原理,分析了线圈式探头和霍尔元件探头拾取的缺陷漏磁场的信号特征.介绍了检测数据的处理方法及数据分析系统对于含缺陷管道的完整性评价.     

油管缺陷参数对漏磁场的影响分析

铁磁构件缺陷参数对漏磁场的影响较复杂,磁荷模型在理论上可以定量分析该磁场问题,但只能适用于简单缺陷形状情况。因此,采用有限元数值计算技术更具灵活性。为了进一步分析油管缺陷参数对漏磁场的影响,建立了油管缺陷漏磁场仿真模型,研究了裂纹深度、裂纹宽度、裂纹深宽比、裂纹倾角对漏磁场的影响。分析结果表明:漏磁场强度随油管缺陷裂纹宽度的减小或裂纹深度、裂纹角度的增加而增强;对于深度比,相对于裂纹宽度,裂纹深度对漏磁场的影响更明显。仿真结果为缺陷检测系统设计和缺陷信号分析提供了参考。     

在线管道缺陷常用检测方法分析

为了使在线管道检测过程中更好地采集技术指标中所要求的缺陷信息,根据国内外管道缺陷检测方法的原理、现状、应用范围,分析了漏磁检测、超声波检测、远场涡流检测、射线检测等多种缺陷检测方法的优缺点.对其中3种主要检测方法(漏磁检测法、超声波检测法、涡流检测法)作了对比研究,得出漏磁检测法测量速度快,对管道内的光滑程度要求低,更适合检测被腐蚀的管壁的结论.因此,选用漏磁检测方法作为输油管道内腐蚀缺陷检测的基本方法.     

基于漏磁检测技术的管内爬机

介绍了漏磁检测技术的基本原理、总体设计方案和系统构成，提出了漏磁信号智能化处理的流程，探讨了管道缺陷与管道特征的甄别方法。由于缺陷漏磁信号受到管道诸多因素的影响，必须找到这些影响因素的规律并加以补偿，经过补偿后的信号为管道漏磁检测结果的准确性、一致性以及客观性奠定了坚实的基础。该设备以气缸为动力源，靠气缸伸缩产生蠕动前进，通过励磁、漏磁信号采集、消磁等环节来达到管内行走检测的目的。由于采用钢刷支撑结构，因而又具有扫线功能，可将管道内的砂石杂物推出。它具有检测距离远，定位准确可靠，设备结构简单易维护等特点，在无损检测领域具有重要的意义和广阔的应用前景。     

国外管道漏磁检测技术分析

管道在线检测是采集管道缺陷信息,及时发现管道存在的风险,降低管道事故可能性的有效手段。根据对管道完整性存在威胁的不同数据类型,国外在线检测主要分为漏磁检测（MFL）、超声波壁厚检测、超声波裂纹检测、涡电流检测、电磁检测和惯量检测,其中惯量检测是对管道中心线移动情况的检测。在对这几种检测方法功能对比分析的基础上,介绍了国外漏磁检测技术所用工具的类型,分析了漏磁检测技术对各种缺陷的判断能力,得出漏磁检测法具有更好更全面的检测能力,适用于管壁缺陷的检测。     

小波变换用于输油管道漏磁检测信号处理

采用漏磁法对输油管道进行无损检测时,采集的漏磁信号具有数据量大和附带大量噪声的特性.为了去除信号中夹杂的噪声,采用小波变换中的Mallat算法对漏磁信号进行处理,使信号便于储存和分析.通过信号处理实验,取得了良好的效果.     

动水压力对同步碎石封层病害影响的试验研究

由于雨水在同步碎石封层面上形成一层薄层水膜,在行车荷载作用下产生动水压力,而动水压力大小主要与行车速度有关,在不同的行车速度作用下,产生的动水压力对同步碎石封层影响不同。文章主要通过室内模拟试验,研究和分析不同行车速度下产生的动水压力对同步碎石封层病害产生的影响。     

The pros and cons of Intelligent Speed Adaptation as a restrictive measure for serious speed offenders

In 2011 in the Netherlands a field operational test was performed to investigate the possibility of using restrictive Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) as a penalty system for serious speed offenders. This paper presents the overall results of the research focusing on the pros and cons of the use of ISA as a restrictive measure for serious speed offenders, and on the preconditions for deployment. The results showed that the ISA systems tested have a huge effect on driver behavior and have the potential to improve road safety by reducing the level of speeding, mean speed, as well as the standard deviation of speed. However, there are also cons: the behavioral change in driving behavior was only temporary. In addition the tested technology proved too easy to override, raised issues of equity, and a substantial back office is required when implementing the system for serious speed offenders.     

Length-based vehicle classification using event-based loop detector data

Length-based vehicle classification is an important topic in traffic engineering, because estimation of traffic speed from single loop detectors usually requires the knowledge of vehicle length. In this paper, we present an algorithm that can classify vehicles passing by a loop detector into two categories: long vehicles and regular cars. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of event-based loop detector data that contains every vehicle detector actuation and de-actuation “event”, therefore time gaps between consecutive vehicles and detector occupation time for each vehicle can be easily derived. The proposed algorithm is based on an intuitive observation that, for a vehicle platoon, longer vehicles in the platoon will have relatively longer detector occupation time. Therefore, we can identify longer vehicles by examining the changes of occupation time in a vehicle platoon. The method was tested using the event-based data collected from Trunk Highway 55 in Minnesota, which is a high speed arterial corridor controlled by semi-actuated coordinated traffic signals. The result shows that the proposed method can correctly classify most of the vehicles passing by a single loop detector.     

长输管道环焊缝的射线数字成像检测技术应用

文中分析了长输油气射线数字成像检测的3种技术类型,及其在油气管道环焊缝检测方面的优缺点和发展趋势。开展了在役输油管道动火作业中射线数字成像检测技术(DR)的现场应用试验,初步验证了在役管道环焊缝DR检测的技术可行性和对缺陷检测的较高灵敏度。结合中俄东线输气管道建设,进行了传统射线胶片照相检测技术(RT)和DR检测技术工程应用效果的对比试验,试验结果表明现阶段RT检测胶片数字化技术能够较好地解决存量胶片检测影像资料的数字化存储和管理,而DR技术在缺陷检测数字成像方面呈现出较高的对比度,但目前DR检测效果不稳定。DR检测技术在长输管道工程的大规模应用推广,需进一步完善DR设备校验等方面的技术管理体系。     

Effect of variable message signs on driver speed behavior on a section of expressway under adverse fog conditions—A driving simulator approach

Variable message signs (VMS) are used to provide dynamic information and one current application is to show different speed limits under different conditions. As speed is an important contributor to road accidents and also affects driver speed behavior, the present study focuses on how effective traffic advisory information is when helping drivers to divert from potentially dangerous conditions. Graphical representation of an Expressway section made it easy to isolate the effects of speed etc. by drivers with information provided through VMS under adverse fog conditions. Understanding and reacting to the VMS system by drivers is essential for its success. If drivers do not react by changing speed behavior then the VMS system will fail and further implementation may cease. In this paper an Analysis of Variance model, which is appropriate to the proposed experimental conditions, is used to study how subjects (drivers) will perceive provided information and also to find the effect of VMS on driver speed behavior on the simulated Expressway section.     

金属磁记忆检测缺陷量化及管道寿命预测研究

为了更好了解金属磁记忆检测在管道缺陷识别、尺寸量化和剩余寿命方面的研究现状,展望将来的研究方向,综合分析了基于金属磁记忆的管道缺陷识别的研究方法和存在的问题。根据缺陷尺寸量化的现有文献,归纳出管道缺陷尺寸量化进一步研究的方向。阐述了管道剩余寿命预测的研究和数据收集存在的问题。数学方法、数学模型和计算机技术将成为金属磁记忆研究的有力工具,根据真实环境下的管道相关实验数据建立管道缺陷识别、尺寸量化和管道剩余寿命的自动化分析系统是研究的重要方向。     

Solving network equilibrium problems on multimodal urban transportation networks with multiple user classes

The capacity of the high‐speed train to compete against travel demand in private vehicles is analysed. A hypothetical context analysed as the high‐speed alternative is not yet available for the route studied. In order to model travel demand, experimental designs were applied to obtain stated preference information. Discrete choice logit models were estimated in order to derive the effect of service variables on journey utility. From these empirical demand models, it was possible to predict for different travel contexts and individuals the capacity of the high‐speed train to compete with the car, so determining the impact of the new alternative on modal distribution. Furthermore, individual willingness to pay for travel time saving is derived for different contexts. The results allow us to confirm that the high‐speed train will have a significant impact on the analysed market, with an important shift of passengers to the new rail service being expected. Different transport policy scenarios are derived. The cost of travel appears to a great extent to be a conditioning variable in the modal choice. These results provide additional evidence for the understanding of private vehicle travel demand.