城市小汽车出行成本计量模型研究

在出行成本定义的基础上,提出了城市小汽车出行成本的构成,构建出城市小汽车出行成本各构成部分的计算模型。基于对广州市小汽车的出行成本分析计算,根据计算结果及各部分成本比例,对我国城市小汽车发展对策进行研究探讨。     

公路客运枢纽的班线组织与配置方法初探

针对公路客运枢纽班线配置问题，对班线组织和配置方法进行研究。在考虑公路客运枢纽布局的基础上，探讨了客运班线的组织和配置原则，提出班线组织主要是协调集约化和分散性两种需求。在总体思路的指导下，宏观配置方法结合场站体系和功能定位，提出了各类型场站班线配置策略；以宏观配置策略为指引，微观配置方法通过建立分区客流预测模型，依据各交通小区到各目标客运站的出行时间和最短路原则，确定各客运站对该类班线的市场划分情况，将该类班线的运力分配到各个客运站，使得总出行成本最小。     

机动车出行对城市道路的影响与对策

从机动车出行率、出行距离、出行分布等主要指标出发，详细地分析机动车出行对城市道路的要求；同时分析各主要出行指标的变化趋势，并在此基础上提出城市道路建设应采取的相应措施。     

高速公路客运量预测

针对传统客运量预测方法存在的不足，在对高速公路客流特性作充分分析的基础上，提出了在影响区内按运输工具划分不同出行方式，给出了各出行方式客流分担率的计算方法和实例。     

合乘出行信息检索的路径匹配算法

研究合乘出行信息检索算法。低效率的信息交流方式制约了合乘出行方式的发展，针对现有合乘信息检索方式的不足，在区域一区域匹配算法的基础上，引入图的概念，提出了一个基于交通路网的路径匹配算法，并给出了算法复杂度分析。该算法利用交通路网中各结点间的距离关系，可以检索给定起迄点间及起迄点各自邻近结点群之间存在的出行信息，并能根据合乘出行路径特点对检索出的信息进行分析、评价和优选，以方便出行者进行合乘组织。最后用一个仿真实例表明算法的有效性。     

公路工程项目合同管理系统模块设计探讨

叙述了公路工程建设项目中的合同管理的功能需求，为满足工作需要，合理地进行了模块设计，并阐述了模块的设计依据。各模块所实现的功能明确，有利于编程和调试。     

常态化疫情防控阶段旅客中长距离城际出行联合选择行为建模

新冠肺炎疫情对旅客中长距离的城际交通出行影响巨大，现有研究侧重疫情暴发初期疫情对城际交通出行的影响，针对常态化疫情防控阶段旅客城际出行选择行为的研究相对较少，因此，本文旨在研究常态化疫情防控阶段旅客中长距离城际出行选择行为。针对民航、高铁、普铁和自驾等方式分别建立包含4种城际出行方式的多指标多因果出行选择模型（MIMIC），模型中引入感知防疫安全程度、防疫策略、乘车体验与出行习惯4个潜变量，探究潜变量与观测变量的因子载荷并辨识模型参数，求取各潜变量的拟合值；在此基础上建立考虑出行方式特性、旅客社会经济属性与潜变量的多出行方式联合选择行为模型（MIMIC-Logit），探究常态化疫情防控阶段旅客出行心理对其出行决策的影响；假设出行费用、时间与距离等变量的随机系数服从正态分布，采用抽样1000次的Halton序列对随机系数进行仿真求解，得到随机系数的回归分析结果。以2021年4月—6月到达西安旅客的调查数据为例进行实证研究，结果发现:所提MIMIC-Logit模型的拟合优度与命中率分别为43.621%与83.312%，均高于多项Logit模型与随机系数Logit模型；旅客对不同方式的出行费用、时间与距离的偏好具有异质性，且出行方式特性、社会经济属性与潜变量都对出行选择的效用有显著影响。弹性分析表明，当感知防疫安全程度与防疫策略提升了100%时，旅客选择民航出行的概率分别提升了23.207%与21.349%；而当乘车体验提升了100%时，旅客选择高铁出行的概率提升了18.229%。综上，所提方法揭示了潜变量对旅客出行选择行为的显著影响；通过提升感知防疫安全程度、防疫策略与乘车体验等手段，可以提升旅客选择高铁、民航出行的概率。      

居民公交出行链重复性量化分析及其出行规律研究

作为城市交通的枢纽，公共交通系统承载了大量的居民出行。自动数据采集系统收集的IC卡数据包含了大量的乘客出行信息，通过这些数据可分析居民公交出行规律，进而优化公交服务。引入信息熵及熵率对居民公交出行链重复性进行量化，研究了基于量化指标分析居民公交出行规律的方法。通过出行地点状态标定，将乘客的出行链转化为离散的出行序列；利用信息熵和熵率对出行序列进行量化分析，得到出行重复性与量化指标的关系，即出行序列的信息熵越大，熵率越小，该乘客出行重复性越高，出行规律越强。基于重复性量化处理，以石家庄公交智能卡乘客出行数据为例，分别从群体和个人这2个方面对公交乘客的出行规律进行分析。结果表明，出行链重复性量化指标可以对出行规律的强弱进行直观判断。当乘客出行规律不明显，但信息熵高于样本均值2.53 bits、熵率低于样本均值1.13 bits/事件时，可通过进一步分析挖掘出乘客潜在出行规律。      

新一代多维信息融合智慧高速公路出行服务系统构建

民众出行方式的巨变和新一代信息技术的发展,为交通出行服务带来了深刻变化,而现有出行服务系统存在不足,结合某省智慧高速公路出行服务系统的建设实践,对构建新一代多维信息融合的智慧高速公路出行服务系统进行深入研究和探讨。     

伟巴斯特启动自动驾驶新时代

<正>日前,伟巴斯特在中国国际进口博览会展示了面向未来出行的系统化创新舒适驾乘解决方案,涵盖自动驾驶和电动化出行相关的车顶系统、动力电池、加热及充电等产品。此次进博会,伟巴斯特展出了集成自动驾驶传感器的车顶模块——将传感器、摄像头和其它功能完美地集成在车顶系统。传感器的定位和全天候稳定工作对     

Évaluation des potentiels de réduction des trafics automobiles dans le cas de la zone dense francilienne

The Pari 21 research project does not attempt to justify a move towards a radically different system—practically everything there is to say about the benefits and disadvantages of cars in cities has already been said. Instead, the project will perform simulations and assess, from the point of view of individuals, the feasibility of a transport system that is based mainly On the use of modes Other than the private car in the densely populated zone Of the Greater Paris Area (Paris city plus the inner suburbs). By constructing and evaluating transport policy scenarios, this research also aims to measure the potential for reducing car use in highly urbanized zones, particularly that which results from the reduction in journey speeds which are a likely consequence of the policies in question The method is based on repeated iterations of a simulation model which combines the assignment of round trips to modes other than the automobile with reformulations of transport supply. Demand is channelled towards personal modes (walking, cycling), public transport and a combination of personal and public modes. These iterations are based on the 1991-1992 Paris Region comprehensive travel survey which recorded all the round trips by car made in a typical day by the individuals living in the zone (i.e. the sequence of all trips made between each time the individual leaves home and returns home).     

基于出行规律的高峰小时客流OD矩阵快速估算方法

为了快速准确地计算城市交通高峰小时客流OD矩阵,提出一种简单易行的推算方法。该方法近似认为城市出行均为由家出行,从而将交通产生-吸引矩阵分解为一个由家出发的OD矩阵和一个返回家里的OD矩阵,通过调查交通高峰小时系数,将由家出发的OD矩阵与返回家里的OD矩阵按一定比例进行叠加即得到高峰小时客流OD矩阵,并应用该方法进行了算例分析。结果表明:该方法简单易行,抓住了出行的主要规律,可省去大规模的调查,具有一定的科学性与准确性,在潍坊市滨海交通客流规模预测研究中得到了较好的应用。     

Cheminements piétonniers et exposition au risque

Travel surveys do not include all walking activity. The techniques that are employed tend to underestimate the proportion of walking in daily travel, and pedestrian exposure to traffic accident risk cannot be accurately computed from the resulting data. To overcome these shortcomings, the authors have developed an original survey technique that involves following and observing subjects in the Greater Paris Region. Recording the subjects’ trips (paying particular attention to walking episodes) during an ordinary day provides precise values for risk exposure that distinguish between the on-road and off-road components of walking activity. A number of different risk ratios are then computed, according to the geographical location and whether the pedestrian is walking on or off the road. These risk ratios are then compared to those that apply to motorists.     

Spatial econometric analysis of automobile and motorcycle traffic on Indonesian national roads and its socio-economic determinants: Is it local or beyond city boundaries?

The purpose of this paper is to verify the justification provided for a centralized national road policyin Indonesia, namely, that trips on national roads are typically inter-urban, by measuring the spatialdimensions of automobile and motorcycle trips on national roads in Indonesia. The study finds thatmotorcycle trips are characteristically local; by contrast, automobile trips extend beyond city boundaries,although to a limited extent. The results suggest the decentralization of transportation policies for thedevelopment and maintenance of national roads by granting autonomy to local governments when nofiscal externality exists. The results also indicate that road capacity, gasoline prices, income, populationand worker density, city size, and the number of public buses are strong predictors of vehicle kilometerstraveled.     

山地城市居民出行特征分析

在归纳山地城市形态和道路网结构特征的基础上,根据2010年攀枝花市居民出行调查数据,对攀枝花市居民出行方式、出行时耗、出行时空分布等特征进行了分析,发现城市形态与路网结构对于居民出行特征有着重要影响.     

Impact de la tarification,des fréquences et des temps de transfort sur les flux ferroviares dans le Bassin parisien

We have modelled trips on the Paris basin on the basis of the SNCF long-distance surveys. This modelling allows us to test the impact of pricing, journey times and train frequencies on rail travel demand. Three models have been constructed — a generation model (which computes trip production, that is to say the distribution of trips on the basis of the zones in which rail users reside), a geographical distribution model which is used to estimate the distribution of trip production on the basis of origin and destination zone, and lastly a model choice model which computes the proportion of commuting flows which takes place by rail. In this study the generation model has been partially supplied by the surveys. The distribution model takes thetrip production data output from the generation model in order to evaluate the total of rail flow on each O-D pair. This data is then used to calibrate the modal choice model.     

基于MNL模型的有轨电车出行选择行为研究

以现代有轨电车在上海建设试验线为背景,就市民出行方式的选择意愿进行了调查,在此基础上建立了多项Logit模型,研究了有轨电车的引入对市民出行方式选择的影响,明确了影响市民选择出行方式的关键因素为薪资收入、出行准点要求以及出行距离,进而指出了有轨电车在城市交通系统中的功能定位,并就如何提供现代有轨电车乃至城市公共交通的分担率提出了建议。     

城市出租车交通分布预测模型

现有交通需求预测方法以居民出行分析为基础,预测得出的出租车交通分布量实质上是载客出租车的交通分布量,因此其预测值比实际值偏小.基于出租车的运行规律,提出了出租车出行概念,将系统中出租车总出行量分解为载客出租车出行量和空驶出租车出行量,并运用Logit概率选择模型,建立了载客出租车出行量与空驶出租车出行量之间的关系,从而得出了总体出租车的交通分布预测方法.该方法既可以模拟城市现状的出租车交通分布状况,也可以对规划年出租车的交通分布进行预测,避免了传统分析方法对空驶出租车交通量的疏漏.     

Evaluation of transportation alternatives for aging population in the era of self-driving vehicles

ObjectiveAccess to transportation is very important for older adults as it allows them to lead an independent and social life. With a growing elderly population, providing access to transportation is one of the greatest societal challenges in the United States. A feasible solution to this problem is adoption of self-driving vehicles in order to provide safe, convenient, and affordable transportation services to older adults. This study analyzed older adults' acceptance of three transportation alternatives that utilize self-driving vehicles. In addition, older adults' travel behavior and transportation needs were also assessed.MethodsAn online survey approach was adopted to collect data on older adults' travel behavior, transportation needs, and to evaluate three transportation alternatives. The three self-driving transportation alternatives presented were owning a self-driving vehicle, using prepaid taxi services, and getting rides through community services. A total of 173 survey responses were collected from participants aged 60 years or older.ResultsParticipants (80% or more) responded that they are satisfied with the number of trips they make to stores, medical centers, and to religious and social events. On the other hand, more than one-third of the participants would make more trips than they currently do to visit family and friends and to recreational places if rides were available. Among the three alternatives, prepaid taxi services received the best overall ratings. A majority of the participants also responded that owning a self-driving vehicle was not affordable to them.ConclusionsThis study provides valuable information that could be used to design future transportation services for the elderly population. Older adults are willing to adopt self-driving vehicles as a mode of transportation. However, automakers and federal authorities need to make efforts to inform older adults about the benefits of these vehicles, and their safety features.     

基于绿色交通的拉萨公共交通出行引导研究

在绿色交通的条件下,以层次分析法对拉萨市居民公共交通出行的影响因素进行分析,得到居民公共交通出行主要影响因素是经济性和环保意识,其次为便捷性和个人偏好以及出行者的年龄。提出以提高经济性和增强环保意识为主,兼顾便捷性和个人偏好以及年龄为辅的公共交通出行引导策略。