多连杆悬架与双横臂悬架运动学和弹性运动学特性分析

改进了某轻型客货两用车双横臂式前悬架系统为多连杆悬架系统,运用多体动力学软件ADAMS/CAR建立了该双横臂与多连杆前悬架及转向系统的虚拟样机模型。采用轮跳方法、加载地面制动力和侧向力方法,对两种悬架系统进行了运动学与弹性运动学特性仿真对比分析。结果表明,多连杆悬架对车身的侧倾和纵倾、车轮定位及顺从转向效应等都比双横臂悬架具有较好的抑制作用,有利于提高汽车操纵稳定性。     

乘用车的整车与性能特征

依据全球乘用车产品的技术数据,阐述了乘用车功率与允许总质量、比功率与车长、比扭矩与车长、车身型式与车长、车身型式与车门及车座、油箱容积与车长、行李箱容积与车长、加速时间与车长、发动机排量与车长、最高车速与车长、燃油消耗与整备质量、乘用车排放与车长的统计关系.     

群英荟萃——宾利、奥迪、奔驰、宝马尽收眼底

宾利欧陆飞刺车型介绍:该款车型价格不菲,销售价格约合人民币298万元。该车配有双涡轮增压6.0LW12发动机,在输出强大的转距时从不含糊,ZF6挡变速器的挡位转换绝不会阻碍动力输出。飞刺是在欧陆GT的基础上设计制造的,两款车共用同一款W12发动机,采用前四连杆、后梯形多连杆悬架、大型15.9英寸和13.2英寸通风制动盘、并采用Torsen全轮驱动系统。为了给后排乘客提供足够的舒适性,飞刺将轴距扩大到3.06m。整体车长延伸到了5.30m。     

帕萨特发动机抖动

故障现象一辆帕萨特B5(1．8L)乘用车,手动挡,行驶里程为65000km。发动机怠速抖动,变速器有异响。故障诊断与排除询问车主得知,发动机怠速抖动于一个多月前出现,变速器异响于一星期前出现。笔者认为发动机抖动与变速器     

Mazda 6轿车底盘结构设计分析

对Mazda6轿车底盘系统结构特点进行了介绍。其前悬架系统采用A型高支点双横臂独立悬架，不同于传统机构之处在于其下控制臂为双铰点结构；后悬架采用独特的E型多连杆结构；后副车架在不增加质量的前提下提高了刚度与强度；采用的侵入最小的制动踏板机构系统能有效地减缓对驾驶员身体下部的冲击力；所装备的与行驶稳定性有关的控制系统能有效地提高整车性能。     

基于ADAMS/CAR的双横臂与多连杆悬架系统运动学分析

在ADAMS/CAR模块中建立了某款轿车双横臂式独立前悬架与E型多连杆独立后悬架模型.对其进行运动学分析表明,该车的前、后悬架结构合理,整体性能比较理想;前悬架具有良好的回正能力,转向操纵轻便,有利于提高前轮的安全性,减少轮胎的磨损;后悬架结构设计有利于增加汽车横向稳定值,减少轮胎磨损.     

基于ADAMS/Insight的汽车双横臂前悬架仿真与优化研究

以某乘用车双横臂前悬架为研究对象,在ADAMS/Car模块中建立其多体动力学虚拟样机模型,对模型进行双轮平行跳动仿真,运用ADAMS/Insight对悬架参数进行优化设计,选取12个对悬架性能影响大的硬点坐标值作为设计变量,选取主要的5个悬架性能参数（车轮前束等）作为优化目标,对设计变量进行灵敏度分析,在ADAMS/Insight中选择二阶响应面法的D-optimal优化算法进行多目标优化,得到优化后的硬点坐标值。结果表明,优化后的双横臂前悬架各性能参数都得到了较大幅度优化,对双横臂悬架在工程中的优化设计工作具有一定的参考意义。     

乘用车的外形尺寸特征

汽车是一个三维的实体,也被称为是“流动的建筑”,从形体上也有它最佳的形体比例关系,即汽车上的每个实体元素的比例、线条间距、棱角的大小都影响着人的视觉感受.以三厢车和两厢车为例,阐述了整体乘用车车长与车宽、轴距与车长轮距与车长、轮距与轴距、车长与车高、车轮直径与车长、轮胎宽度与车宽的统计关系.     

吉奥奥轩（Aoosed）剑指中高档SUV市场

吉奥搭载三菱4G69和吉奥自主研发的GA4D25TCI高压共轨柴油机，自动变速器采用韩国现代5AT，底盘是在三菱越野车底盘技术的基础上进行了优化设计。前悬挂采用双横臂独立结构，后悬架采用五连杆螺旋簧非独立结构。整车排放水平达到了国Ⅳ标准，车身内饰采用了免喷涂无污染材料，可达到欧盟内饰污染物标准。     

国产轿车自动变速器维修技术讲座(二)

(二)行星齿轮机构 自动变速器采用行星齿轮式变速机构,它与普通手动变速器的变速原理完全不同。下面对行星齿轮机构的变速原理、传动比计算方法及常见的组合方式做以介绍。     

大型载货汽车被动安全性的特点及改进措施

大型载货汽车造成的人员死亡仅次于小型客车，工货汽车在交通事故中造成对方伤害的主要因素是：大载货汽车车架结构离地高度大，在前、后方造成轿车钻入碰撞、侧面造成展压，大型载货汽车的质量远大于轿车；与轿车时导致碰撞相容性问题，前、后下部防护装置能有效地防止轿车钻入，合理的能量吸收特性可改善载货汽车与轿车的碰撞相容性。中用交通事故统计数说明载货汽车被动安全性的重要性，深入分析载货汽车被动安全性的特点，最后介绍了改进载货汽车被动安全性的措施。     

摩擦材料摩擦特性对轿车前,后制动力之比的影响

本研究了摩擦材料摩擦特性对轿车（盘式），后（鼓式）制动器制动力之比的影响。根据对前，后制动器部总成大量的测功器试结果，计算并绘出前，后制动之比值随制动管路压力，车速，制动温度的变化关系曲线，并与设计作了对比分析，讨论了它对轿车制动稳定性的影响，为制动性能计算，制动器设计和制动衬片摩擦材料的选配提供依据和参考，从而保证了轿车的制动稳定性。     

Independent Suspension, Self Steered Axle, and 4WS for Busses

The dynamic behavior of commercial vehicles fitted with differentr types of suspension mechanisms and steering devices is investigated in this paper. Six vehicle models have been constructed: 2WS-SA is a standard two wheel steering bus with solid axles; 2WS-DW is a 2WSA vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles; SSA-SA is a 2WS system with solid axles, the rear one being mounted on a self steered mechanism; SSA-DW is a vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in the front axle, and a solid self steered rear axle; 4WS-SA has four wheel steering with solid axles; and 4WS-DW is a 4WS vehicle with independent double wishbone suspension in front and rear axles. The dynamic response of these models has been assessed in terms of lateral acceleration, yaw velocity, tire forces, tire force reserves, and slip angles. The expected advantages of a 4WS system (higher acceleration rates and lower slip angles) will be corroborated but, at the same time, it will be shown that they are obtained at the cost of lower force reserves. Self steered mechanisms produce smaller body slip angles, but it will be shown that they give rise to larger yaw velocity overshootings. The particular independent suspension analyzed does not show significant improvements with respect to the solid axle counterpart.     

Effect of the front and rear weight distribution ratio of a Formula car during maximum-speed cornering on a circuit

Because Formula cars are lighter than ordinary cars, the optimal settings for this type of car are thought to be different from those of a ordinary car. The front and rear weight distribution ratio of a vehicle is an important parameter that exerts a significant influence on critical cornering. The tendency of a ordinary car to under-steer during critical cornering is determined by the front and rear weight distribution ratio of the vehicle. Specifically, when the front of an ordinary FR (front-engine, rear wheel drive) vehicle is slightly heavier than the rear, the car tends to understeer during critical cornering. However, the optimal weight distribution ratio for critical cornering is not obvious for a formula car because of its lightness. This observation was investigated using a driving course similar to a real driving course to perform a maximum speed cornering simulations. It was found that a front to rear weight distribution ratio of 40:60 resulted in the fastest lap time. This ratio also gave the best results in the maximum-speed driving experiment performed using a driving simulator. Moreover, the maximum lateral acceleration during turning, the driving force, and the load movement of the inside and outside wheels was calculated using experimental driving force data and the concept of a tire friction circle. As a result, driving mechanics have been determined for a vehicle having a front/rear weight distribution ratio of 40:60 while traveling at maximum speed.     

轿车车身主断面设计方法

论述了轿车车身主断面的设计流程,给出了典型的轿车车身主断面位置图。从断面基准定义、零件焊接面之间圆角半径确定、门洞法兰面相关参数确定、包边结构相关参数确定等方面,介绍了轿车车身主断面所表达的内容;并例举了前门、侧围上部、顶盖关系主断面,以及前门、后门、中支柱、后门铰链关系主断面的设计。     

乘用车前悬长度总布置研究

阐述了上海通用(SGM)横置前驱乘用车前悬布置7大原则:布置与高速碰撞溃缩距离;吸能块和小腿装置与低速碰撞和行人保护;热敏感零件间隙与发动机舱热管理;转向机位置与底盘操控动态性能;动力总成位置与传动系统振动噪声;前悬长度与整车造型比例;前悬长度与整车轻量化。     

Automotive Stability and Handling Dynamics in Cornering and Braking Maneuvers

SUMMARY

Automotive steering behaviour is classified for steady-state cornering and the definitions of over-/understeer and stability/instability are well known. In this paper it is intended to apply these definitions to combined cornering and braking maneuvers i.e. to extend the criteria to quasi-steady-state conditions. This way of investigation was chosen because it gives a clear idea of the typical handling behaviour. Furthermore, the vehicle behaviour is analyzed using the cornering stiffness of the axles and front/rear cornering stiffness ratio because this is always of primary significance. The following contribution is based on a theoretical analysis considering the most important non-linear vehicle properties.

The paper deals with two groups of vehicles: single vehicles (passenger cars) and combinations (passenger car/caravan and tractor/semitrailer). In the case of combinations the effect of trailers on the towing vehicles is examined. So, careful attention is paid to the coupling forces, which alter the wheel loads and influence steerability and stability.     

考虑人体热调节的乘员表面温度分布及车内热环境的数值仿真和试验

为研究在瞬态变化的车内热环境下的人体表面温度分布情况及舱内热环境对乘员热舒适性评价的影响，以冬季某轿车乘员舱内热环境为研究对象，实车测试暖风系统开启后车内热流场的动态变化，建立乘员舱流场和温度场的瞬态仿真模型，综合考虑环境参数和人体新陈代谢等因素以及车内热环境与人体热调节模型间的耦合关系。研究结果表明：仿真计算与试验测试结果吻合良好；基于人体热调节模型的仿真计算可得到车内热环境变化下的乘员皮肤温度变化结果；开启暖风后，车内温度在高度方向和前后排乘坐空间均存在显著的不均匀性，后排的热环境均匀性更好；人体散热对乘员舱温度场分布的影响可以忽略，而暖风使不同位置处乘员的皮肤温度上升程度存在明显差异。     

关于重卡防护装置增加阻尼系统的可行性分析与设计

市场上汽车和挂车后下部防护装置多为刚性连接,当发生车辆追尾碰撞时,不能有效保护乘坐人员的安全,屡屡发生小车钻进大货车尾部伤亡事故.本文目的是提供一种汽车和挂车后下部柔性防护装置,克服已有汽车和挂车后下部防护装置缺点和不足,使汽车发生追尾碰撞时避免发生伤亡事故.此后下部防护装置不仅仅是保护追尾的小车,同时也保护了货车自身...