基于遗传算法系统效率优化的PHEV电量保持模式控制策略

为了提高插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）在电量保持下的燃油经济性,并解决插电式混合动力汽车在运行过程中动力元件效率对系统能量利用率影响的问题,制定了系统效率最优的控制策略。以PHEV关键动力部件的测试数据为基础,建立发动机、驱动电机、无级变速器（CVT）以及动力电池等关键部件的效率数值模型,并考虑了温度及荷电状态（SOC）对动力电池充放电功率的影响。设计以混合动力系统效率最优为适应度评价函数,将CVT速比、发动机转矩作为优化变量,以车速、加速度和SOC为状态变量,在动力性指标的约束下,运用遗传算法进行迭代寻优,PHEV的系统效率在第20代左右收敛于全局最优值。同时发动机转矩和CVT速比通过多代遗传进化,较快收敛于最佳值。将相关优化结果与车速、加速度拟合成相应的三维控制数表,综合数值建模和试验测试数据建模的方法,基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建插电式混合动力汽车整车控制策略仿真模型,采用新欧洲行驶循环工况进行仿真验证。结果表明：插电式混合动力汽车在电量保持模式下,利用遗传算法优化的系统效率最优控制策略相比优化前,动力电池SOC运行更为平稳,CVT效率有所提升,驱动电机及发动机转矩分配更为合理;百公里燃油消耗量从优化前的5.2 L降至4.5 L,燃油经济性提升了13.5%。     

GT-drive的车辆动力系统匹配及优化

汽车动力装置参数对汽车动力性和燃油经济性有很大影响，文章分析了影响车辆动力系统匹配的主要因素以及优化方法，利用GT-drive软件对一款微型车进行建模仿真，对其经济性与动力性进行分析，与该车实际试验数据对比，保证该模型的精确性，并利用DOE功能优化该车的各挡变速比和主减速比，以此达到在保证原车动力性的基础上提高经济性。通过分析比较优化前后的经济性和动力性参数，确定出一套最佳的传动系数，该优化结果为车辆的进一步改型设计提供了理论依据。     

基于MATLAB的汽车传动系参数的优化设计

汽车传动系参数对整车的动力性和经济性有很大的影响。以驱动功率损失率和六工况百公里油耗量分别作为衡量汽车动力性和经济性的评价指标，采用动力性经济性统一目标函数建立汽车传动系参数优化模型，应用MATLAB软件优化工具箱中的优化计算函数来编制程序。最后对某样车的传动系参数进行优化，表明了优化设计的正确性与实用性。     

商用汽车动力传动系参数的优化设计研究

在汽车动力性和经济性模拟计算的基础上,以汽车能量利用率为目标函数,提出了一种商用汽车动力传动系统参数的优化设计方法,并采用该方法对某商用汽车动力传动系统进行了优化设计。模拟计算结果表明,经过优化传动系统参数,该车燃油经济性较原方案改善了3.82%,动力性提高了1.63%,从而验证了该方法的可行性。     

Economic value and utility of a powertrain system for a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus

This research is the first to develop a design for a powertain system of a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and presents a new design paradigm of the plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB). The criteria and method for selecting and sizing powertrain components equipped in the plug-in HEB are presented. The plug-in HEB is designed to overcome the vulnerable limitations of driving range and performance of a purely electric vehicle (EV) and to improve fuel economy and exhaust emissions of conventional bus and conventional HEBs. The control strategy of the complicated connected propulsion system in the plug-in parallel HEB is one of the most significant factors in achieving higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions of the HEV. In this research, a new optimal control strategy concept is proposed against existing rule-based control strategies. The optimal powertrain control strategy is obtained through two steps of optimizations: tradeoff optimization for emission control and energy flow optimization based on the instantaneous optimization technique. The proposed powertrain control strategy has the flexibility to adapt to battery SOC, exhaust emission amount, classified driving pattern, driving condition, and engine temperature. The objective of the optimal control strategy is to optimize the fuel consumption, electricity use, and exhaust emissions proper to the performance targets. The proposed control strategy was simulated to prove its validity by using analysis simulation tool ADVISOR (advanced vehicle simulator).     

并联式混合动力汽车传动系参数优化

为了充分发挥混合动力汽车的优越性,文章以整车燃油经济性的评价为基础,通过分析混合动力汽车动力系统的组成,建立了燃油经济性最佳的数学模型;依据考虑汽车的动力性和动力电池的荷电系数要求,使用复合形优化方法对目标函数进行了优化：并利用具体车型对优化方法进行了验证。结果表明,100km油耗降低21％,经济性得到较大提高,动力性仍然保持设计要求？指出采用逆向求解的手段来获得汽车的燃油经济性,并以其为目标函数开发的优化设计系统,能较好地改善汽车的燃油经济性,此优化方法对普通汽车的传动系统优化也具有参考作用。     

金属带式CVT速比控制的仿真与试验研究

针对装备金属带式无级变速器(CVT)的整车,建立了无级变速传动系统数学模型.以无级变速汽车动力性和经济性相协调为目标,设计了Fuzzy-PI复合速比控制器.采用Fuzzy-PD控制策略和Fuzzy-PI复合控制策略对汽车起动工况进行了仿真分析,对装备金属带式CVT的某轿车进行了起动工况的模拟试验.结果表明,Fuzzy-PI复合控制策略优于Fuzzy-PD控制策略,速比的试验结果与理论数据一致,说明所建模型合理.     

PHEV发动机驱动工况效率耦合分析与优化控制

单轴并联式混合动力系统（Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle，PHEV）包括电池、驱动电机、发动机、自动变速器等多个关键部件。各部件效率特性存在相互耦合的关系，要实现系统整体效率最优，需要辨明影响系统效率的控制参数，并对系统整体效率最优的控制参数进行优化。以装备无级变速器（Continuously Variable Transmission，CVT）的PHEV为研究对象，首先对系统各关键部件的效率特性进行分析，建立各关键部件效率模型，明确各部件效率与控制参数、状态参数之间的关系。在此基础上，对发动机单独驱动模式下动力传递路径中不同部件的效率耦合关系进行分析，推导出系统燃油消耗量与动力系统各状态参数、控制参数之间的函数关系。根据分析结果，选取车辆需求功率及车速为状态参数，变速器速比及发动机转矩为控制参数，以系统燃油消耗量最小为目标建立优化目标函数和约束条件，对系统优化问题进行定义。根据优化问题的特点，设计基于模拟退火的优化算法对优化问题进行求解，获取系统燃油消耗率最小时变速器目标速比和发动机目标转矩随状态参数的变化关系。建立系统仿真模型对所述优化算法进行仿真分析，并搭建混合动力试验台对优化结果进行试验验证。结果表明：无级变速器效率对系统整体效率影响较大，采用优化控制规律使发动机效率有所降低，但无级变速器效率升高更大，系统整体效率升高；在功率需求一定的循环工况下，优化控制算法比传统上仅以发动机效率最高为目标的控制算法节油1%~2%。     

并联式混合动力电动汽车电池参数优选

通过研究双轴并联混合动力电动汽车控制策略,分析电池参数和整车油耗的关系,确定电池电压、容量和最大充放电功率的变化范围。基于CRUISE的仿真平台,以整车循环工况油耗最省为目的,优选电池的各个参数。并将选定的电池参数代入模型中,进行动力性分析计算。计算结果表明,在满足整车动力性的要求下,通过对电池参数的优化,可提高混合动力电动汽车的燃油经济性和动力电池组的性价比。     

Development of a high torque capacity belt-drive CVT with a torque converter

A new belt-drive continuously variable transmission (CVT) has been developed and installed in a 2-liter class vehicle for the first time in the world. This paper describes the technical features of this high torque capacity transmission, the need for a torque converter, the importance of electronic control and the driving modes achieved. This new CVT provides better driving performance and fuel economy than current CVTs and 4-speed automatic transmissions.     

燃料电池混合动力瞬时优化能量管理策略研究

以提高燃料经济性为目标,采用基于瞬时优化的方法开展能量分配策略研究,并引入了蓄电池等价燃料消耗理论,将蓄电池电能消耗或者电能补充,等效为燃料电池发动机的燃料消耗量,并由此建立系统瞬时燃料消耗量函数.为保证蓄电池工作在最优的范围内,引入蓄电池的充电保持策略.仿真结果表明,按照等价燃料消耗量瞬时优化理论得出的优化结果,能提高燃料经济性,同时蓄电池SOC保持在合理范围内,对今后实车的研制具有一定指导意义.     

干式复合带无级自动变速器系统与速比电机控制策略的研究

介绍了一种干式复合带无级自动变速器(A-CVT)的结构及T作原理。该变速器不仅减少了成本昂贵、结构复杂的液力或电液装置，还改善了汽车的燃油经济性和发动机的排放。利用装有A-CVT的MatizⅡ轿车为试验车开发了A-CVT的电控系统，并对A-CVT中速比电机的控制策略进行了较为详细的讨论。在MatizⅡ轿车上长时间的试用和测试表明，该电控系统使样车基本达到了原车的性能指标。     

Powertrain system optimization for a heavy-duty hybrid electric bus

This research concerns the design of a powertrain system for a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and presents a new design paradigm for the plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB). The criteria and method for selecting and sizing powertrain components equipped in the plug-in HEB are presented. The plug-in HEB is designed to overcome the vulnerable limitations of driving range and performance of a purely electric vehicle (EV), and it is also designed to improve the fuel economy and exhaust emissions of conventional buses and conventional HEBs. Optimization of the control strategy for the complicated and interconnected propulsion system in the plug-in parallel HEB is one of the most significant factors for achieving higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions in the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In this research, the proposed control strategy was simulated to prove its validity using the ADVISOR (advanced vehicle simulator) analysis simulation tool.     

Conceptual design of economic hybrid vehicle system using clutchless geared smart transmission

Most hybrid vehicles employ the continuously variable transmission (CVT or eCVT) currently as their choice of the transmissions. Recently, an automated geared transmission (AGT) or dual clutch transmission (DCT) is being tried for some hybrid vehicles for the better fuel economy than the CVT hybrid. However, this AGT or DCT is using automated clutches which require the hydraulic power in addition to the slippage in the clutch plate invoking some energy loss as well as wear. Also, they require a motor with significant power to match to the engine power. The clutchless geared smart transmission (CGST) has no clutch and the clutch function is performed by a planetary gear system controlled by a motor-generator. The hybrid vehicles proposed here using CGST may have some merits in durability, fuel efficiency, and cost since they do not have clutches. The motor used for the clutch function can be also working for power merge with the engine in propelling the vehicle. The proposed hybrid system can be either mild hybrid or full hybrid by adopting a different capacity of battery with much smaller motor-generator due to the planetary gear system compared to the other type hybrid vehicles. In this study, the prospects of newly proposed CGST hybrid system are examined in practical aspects compared with AGT hybrid or DCT hybrid systems.     

基于系统效率最优的CVT混合动力轿车转矩优化分配方法

无级变速器CVT消除了挡位概念,其速比在一定范围内连续可调。配备CVT的混合动力汽车能够实现动力源转矩和传动系统的优化匹配。针对此问题,提出了基于系统效率最优的CVT中度混合动力轿车动力源转矩优化分配方法:。该方法:综合考虑了各个关键部件的效率,以混合动力系统的总体效率为优化目标,以车速、车辆加速度、电池SOC为状态变量,优化分配了驱动工况下各动力源输出转矩,为整车能量管理策略的制定奠定了基础。     

功率分流混合动力全速域工作模式切换规则优化

针对某功率分流混合动力汽车，探讨了既定模式转矩分配策略未知情况下全速域工作模式切换规则的优化问题。先在既定模式转矩分配策略未知的前提下，将等效燃油消耗与样本数字特征相结合，计算了不同荷电状态（SOC）值下各工作模式在所有可行工作点的基准综合燃油消耗率。以整车燃油经济性为优化目标，确定不同SOC值下所有可行工作点的最佳工作模式，进而得出基于车速、车轮端需求转矩、SOC值的优化后全速域工作模式切换规则，以满足不同工况下的工作模式选择需求。之后，不考虑模式切换过程对整车驾驶平顺性的影响，搭建了模式切换实施模型。再以4个新欧洲驾驶循环（NEDC）工况所构成的组合工况为目标行驶工况，将优化后全速域工作模式切换规则和传统基于逻辑门限的全速域工作模式切换规则分别应用于基于规则的能量管理策略，进行了整车燃油经济性仿真与台架试验验证。仿真结果表明：在不改变既定模式转矩分配策略的条件下，与基于逻辑门限的全速域工作模式切换规则情况相比，所提出的既定模式转矩分配策略未知情况下全速域工作模式切换规则优化方法至少可使整车燃油经济性提高7.33%。台架试验结果进一步表明，该优化方法至少可使整车燃油经济性提高6.17%。由此可见，所提出的既定模式转矩分配策略未知情况下全速域工作模式切换规则优化方法对整车燃油经济性具有较好的改善效果。     

Simulation study on the operating characteristics of a hybrid hydraulic passenger car with a power split transmission

In this paper, a hybrid hydraulic passenger car (HHPC) coupled with a power split continuously variable transmission (P-CVT) is proposed. This P-CVT is capable of splitting the power from the internal combustion engine into mechanical and hydraulic power flows. By adjusting the ratio of the mechanical power to hydraulic power, the P-CVT enables the transmission ratio to be changed continuously. Meanwhile, the P-CVT system can capture the braking energy and store it in the hydraulic accumulator for the next assistant driving. In order to quantitatively investigate the effect of applying P-CVT on improving the fuel economy and operating performance for the HHPC, a numerical simulation is conducted under typical city driving conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that, the P-CVT permits the engine to be run under a more efficient operating range. The total fuel consumption of the HHPC is reduced by 16.4% under the test conditions, compared with that of the original car.     

考虑发动机起停优化的PHEV能量管理策略

针对某新型双电机行星耦合插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)中发动机在起停及怠速运行状态下会导致油耗增加的问题,基于等效燃油消耗最小能量管理策略,加入发动机起停优化控制模块,以进一步改善整车燃油经济性。建立了整车动力学和传动模型并加入发动机起停优化控制模块,对ECMS能量管理策略输出的发动机及电机最优目标转矩进行重新优化分配后,再输出给发动机及电机控制器以控制其工作状态。针对起停优化控制中影响起停频次的关键时间参数,采用粒子群优化算法对其进行优化。仿真结果表明,相比优化前,所提出的能量管理优化策略能够实现对发动机起停或怠速状态的有效控制,减少发动机的起停频次,减少恶化油耗,验证了本文所提出的能量管理优化策略能够进一步优化整车燃油经济性。     

基于燃油经济性的汽车动力传动系匹配优化

传统的汽车传动系匹配研究方法,都是以汽车的动力性或经济性指标为优化目标的单目标优化。为了实现真正意义上的多目标优化,文章利用modeFRONTIER软件和遗传算法的组合优化策略,结合某5挡手动变速车传动系匹配,进行了基于燃油经济性的传动系参数优化设计,达到了降低汽车燃油消耗的效果,为汽车开发设计中传动系匹配优化提供了参考。     

基于粒子群算法的Plug—in混合动力汽车能量管理策略优化研究

基于对混合动力汽车能量管理策略优化的目的,建立了丰田PnusPlug-in混合动力汽车的MATLAB／Simulink数学模型,用数学公式描述了系统优化控制问题,采用粒子群优化算法对该包含众多约束条件的非线性优化问题进行了求解,利用PSAT专业软件对比分析了基本型优化控制算法、改进型优化控制算法和规则控制算法等的控制效果及燃油经济性。结果表明,经过优化后的Plug-in混合动力汽车在不牺牲汽车各项性能的前提下能提高动力系统工作效率。