减振型双块式无砟轨道合理刚度匹配研究

为研究城际铁路减振型双块式无砟轨道的合理刚度匹配,基于轮轨系统耦合动力学理论,结合我国城际铁路的运营特点,建立了城际铁路车辆-减振型双块式无砟轨道耦合动力分析模型,分析了列车在时速200 km和160 km时的轮轨动力响应。结果表明:对列车最高运行速度为200 km/h的城际客运专线,建议钢轨允许垂向位移控制在2 mm以内,减振垫的垂向位移应控制在1 mm左右;支点反力、钢轨位移受扣件刚度的影响显著,减振垫刚度是决定底座板加速度及道床板位移的决定性因素。城际铁路“在大站停”列车时速200 km、“站站停”列车最高时速160 km时,扣件合理刚度可取为42~49 kN/mm,减振垫的合理刚度可取为0.036~0.044 N/mm3。     

地铁车辆段软土区PHDC桩桩板结构线路沉降数值模拟计算分析

为了研究软土区PHDC桩桩板结构线路沉降及其影响因素,依托宁波市轨道交通5号线经堂庵跟车辆段整体道床线路,运用abaqus有限元软件计算分析了在轨道和列车荷载换算土柱作用下,桩长、桩径、桩体刚度及桩间距对地铁车辆段软土区PHDC桩桩板结构线路沉降的影响,得出了最佳桩长和纵向合理桩间距,发现桩径对穿越软土层的那段PHDC桩基沉降有显著影响,而桩体弹性模量的变化对线路沉降量的影响微乎其微。     

简支梁桥上CRTS Ⅱ型板式轨道墩台挠曲力研究

根据简支梁桥上CRTS Ⅱ型板式轨道的结构特点,运用有限元软件建立了墩台挠曲力的计算模型,分析了底座与桥梁间的滑动层摩擦系数、墩台水平线刚度、扣件纵向阻力和轨道板、底座刚度折减系数对墩台挠曲力的影响。计算结果表明,墩台挠曲力随墩台水平线刚度的增大而增大,基本成线形关系;滑动层摩擦系数、刚度折减系数对墩台挠曲力有较大影响,而扣件纵向阻力的影响可忽略不计。     

客运专线弹性支承块式无砟轨道动力分析

为研究弹性支承块式无砟轨道的动力特性,运用动力学基本原理,分析了扣件刚度、块下胶垫刚度与阻尼不同匹配以及轨枕块质量对基础受力的影响。结果表明:在满足轨道整体刚度时,扣件和枕下胶垫应尽量采用较小刚度值;对于不同激振频率段,应分别对待扣件和枕下胶垫阻尼取值;弹性支承块质量也如此。     

大跨度梁拱组合桥的梁轨相互作用设计参数研究

为了解梁轨相互作用设计参数对大跨度梁拱组合桥无缝线路的影响,以兰渝线广元段某(82.9+172+82.9)m梁拱组合桥为例,采用ANSYS软件建立了考虑拱肋-吊杆-主梁-桥墩-桩基-轨道梁轨系统一体化有限元模型,分析了拱肋与吊杆升温、纵向阻力模型、吊杆间距、桥墩高度、制动力率、风荷载等参数对钢轨纵向力的传递规律。结果表明:拱肋升温对钢轨应力的影响较大,计算钢轨伸缩力时,按梁体升温15℃考虑较为安全;梁拱组合桥的梁轨相互作用根据《铁路无缝线路设计规范》计算较为安全;钢轨制动力随固定墩高度的增加而增大,固定墩的墩顶水平力与其墩高基本呈线性递减关系;钢轨应力随吊杆间距的增大而增加;钢轨的最大制动拉、压应力和固定墩的墩顶水平力均与制动力率呈线性关系;风荷载作用下,钢轨应力可达5.8 MPa以上,风速较大区域需考虑风荷载对钢轨的影响。     

尼日利亚矿石铁路专用线轨道设备选型研究

以尼日利亚矿石铁路专用线轨道设备选型为例,说明如何根据轨道结构的构造系数、荷载系数及年变形速率的计算,得出轨道的维修周期,从而求出轨道设备的寿命周期费用,其值最小者为轨道设备技术经济选型的最优方案。结果证明:采用25m-60kg/m钢轨、Ⅱ型混凝土枕、Ⅰ型扣件等轨道设备,是少维修、利用率最大化和最经济的方案。     

基于快速拉格朗日的板式无砟轨道路基动力响应研究

将列车荷载简化为一激振力并作为等效轮轴荷载，运用FLAC3D内置的FISH语言编程实现列车荷载的定时、定点施加，从而模拟列车在轨道结构上的移动加载过程。以遂渝线板式无砟轨道路基结构为对象，建立三维动力分析模型，基于FLAC3D计算平台，利用编制的动力加载程序对轨道路基结构进行了动力响应计算，分析了列车移动荷载作用下路基各结构层的动位移、动应力响应特性以及动响应在路基深度范围内的衰减特性，并以基床表层为研究对象，着重考察了其刚度变化对路基动力响应的具体影响。     

隧道内合成轨枕无砟轨道参数分析

针对隧道内合成轨枕无砟轨道结构形式,应用有限元分析Ansys软件,建立钢轨-扣件-合成轨枕-橡胶层-道床板-弹性基础的有限元分析模型,分析不同合成轨枕下橡胶层刚度、合成轨枕参数对合成轨枕无砟轨道结构的影响,为大瑞线无砟轨道结构的设计和施工提供依据。     

高速铁路路基结构的动力有限元分析

从轨道的几何不平顺角度出发,提出了列车荷载的简化计算模型。通过改变基床表层、底层及地基土的刚度,利用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS对路基进行非线性动力有限元分析,揭示基床及地基刚度对路基的变形、动应力及加速度的影响,并得出了一些有意义的结论。     

曲线连续梁桥侧向失稳破坏机理与行为分析

就某曲线连续梁桥的曲梁整体侧移破坏现象,在受力、变形和破坏主导因素分析的基础上,阐述了温度荷载作用下曲梁整体侧移的破坏机理、破坏过程和破坏后行为。随着温度荷载的增加,跨间桥墩对曲梁的约束作用很小,而两端支座反力迅速增加,端部没有足够的约束强度,端部约束将遭到破坏,最终导致曲梁整体丧失稳定性,发生向外的整体滑动。利用能量原理对定量描述曲线梁破坏后的力学行为进行了初步探讨。     

盾构隧道下穿高速铁路路基沉降控制标准研究

为了合理制定隧道下穿高速铁路的变形控制标准，采用现场调研和统计分析等方法，对高速铁路轨道、扣件及路基的相互作用关系开展研究，提出高速铁路路基沉降控制标准的制定方法。研究结果表明： 1）轨道最大可允许变形由下穿点轨道扣件的最大可调整量、当前已用调整量和当前平顺度等数据确定； 2）轨道变形控制标准根据下穿点周边环境及列车实际运行速度选取合适的安全系数，在最大可允许变形量的基础上进行折减； 3）路基变形控制标准根据路基与轨道变形的相互关系确定。提出的轨道变形控制标准适用于高速铁路无砟轨道，路基变形控制标准适用于土质地层盾构隧道引起的路基变形。     

钢弹簧浮置板轨道位移实测与分析

为评价钢弹簧浮置板轨道钢轨与浮置板位移的合理性，通过现场实测与动力学仿真计算，对比分析钢轨与浮置板在列车以不同速度通过时的位移变化，并且模拟了地铁正式运营后的最不利情况。研究结果表明:车速的改变对钢弹簧浮置板轨道钢轨与浮置板的垂向位移没有大的影响。列车荷载的增加及不平顺的恶化会导致轮轨之间的作用力加强，进而导致钢轨与浮置板的垂向位移增大。     

Dynamics of the railway track and the underlying soil: the boundary-element solution,theoretical results and their experimental verification

A combined finite-element boundary-element method is presented in detail to calculate the dynamic interaction of the railway track and the underlying soil. A number of results are shown for ballasted and slab track, demonstrating the influence of the stiffness of the soil and the rail pads on the vertical compliance of the track. The compliance of the track is combined with a simple model of the vehicle giving the transfer function of vehicle–track interaction. An experimental verification of the theoretical results is achieved by harmonic and impulse excitation with and without static (train-) load and by combined measurements of train–track–soil interaction. A clear vehicle–track resonance is found for the slab track with elastic rail pads and for higher frequencies at highspeed traffic, the dynamic axle loads due to sleeper passage are reduced.     

Switch Panel wear loading – a parametric study regarding governing train operational factors

The acting forces and resulting material degradation at the running surfaces of wheels and rail are determined by vehicle, track, interface and operational characteristics. To effectively manage the experienced wear, plastic deformation and crack development at wheels and rail, the interaction between vehicle and track demands a system approach both in maintenance and in design. This requires insight into the impact of train operational parameters on rail- and wheel degradation, in particular at switches and crossings due to the complex dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle at a turnout. A parametric study was carried out by means of vehicle-track simulations within the VAMPIRE® multibody simulation software, performing a sensitivity analysis regarding operational factors and their impact on expected switch panel wear loading. Additionally, theoretical concepts were cross-checked with operational practices by means of a case study in response to a dramatic change in lateral rail wear development at specific switches in Dutch track. Data from train operation, track maintenance and track inspection were analysed, providing further insight into the operational dependencies. From the simulations performed in this study, it was found that switch rail lateral wear loading at the diverging route of a 1:9 type turnout is significantly influenced by the level of wheel–rail friction and to a lesser extent by the direction of travel (facing or trailing). The influence of other investigated parameters, being vehicle speed, traction, gauge widening and track layout is found to be small. Findings from the case study further confirm the simulation outcome. This research clearly demonstrates the contribution flange lubrication can have in preventing abnormal lateral wear at locations where the wheel–rail interface is heavily loaded.     

High-frequency random vibration analysis of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads using a hybrid SEM–SM method

A hybrid Spectral Element Method (SEM)–Symplectic Method(SM) method for high-efficiency computation of the high-frequency random vibrations of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads is presented. First, the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) formula and Fractional Derivative Zener (FDZ) model were, respectively, applied for prediction and representation of the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of Vossloh 300 rail pads frequently used in China's high-speed railway. Then, the proposed hybrid SEM–SM method was used to investigate the influence of the frequency-dependent dynamic performance of Vossloh 300 rail pads on the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems at various train speeds or different levels of rail surface roughness. The experimental results indicate that the storage stiffness and loss factors of Vossloh 300 rail pad increase with the decrease in dynamic loads or the increase in preloads within 0.1–10,000?Hz at 20°C, and basically linearly increase with frequency in a logarithmic coordinate system. The results computed by the hybrid SEM–SM method demonstrate that the frequency-dependent viscous damping of Vossloh 300 rail pads, compared with its constant viscous damping and frequency-dependent stiffness, has a much more conspicuous influence on the medium-frequency (i.e. 20–63?Hz) random vibrations of car bodies and rail fasteners, and on the mid- (i.e. 20–63?Hz) and high-frequency (i.e. 630–1250?Hz) random vibrations of bogies, wheels and rails, especially with the increase in train speeds or the deterioration of rail surface roughness. The two sensitive frequency bands can also be validated by frequency response function (FRF) analysis of the proposed infinite rail–fastener model. The mid and high frequencies influenced by the frequency-dependent viscous damping of rail pads are exactly the dominant frequencies of ground vibration acceleration and wheel rolling noise caused by high-speed railways, respectively. Even though the existing time-domain (or frequency-domain) finite track models associated with the time-domain (or frequency-domain) fractional derivative viscoelastic (FDV) models of rail pads can also be used to reach the same conclusions, the hybrid SEM–SM method in which only one element is required to compute the high-order vibration modes of infinite rail is more appropriate for high-efficiency analysis of the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems.     

High-speed trains subject to abrupt braking

The dynamic response of high-speed train subject to braking is investigated using the moving element method. Possible sliding of wheels over the rails is accounted for. The train is modelled as a 15-DOF system comprising of a car body, two bogies and four wheels interconnected by spring-damping units. The rail is modelled as a Euler–Bernoulli beam resting on a two-parameter elastic damped foundation. The interaction between the moving train and track-foundation is accounted for through the normal and tangential wheel–rail contact forces. The effects of braking torque, wheel–rail contact condition, initial train speed and severity of railhead roughness on the dynamic response of the high-speed train are investigated. For a given initial train speed and track irregularity, the study revealed that there is an optimal braking torque that would result in the smallest braking distance with no occurrence of wheel sliding, representing a good compromise between train instability and safety.