宽应变水平的心墙料动力特性试验研究

以云南玉溪东风水库心墙料的室内动力特性试验为背景,研究了该种土在10^-6～10^-2应变水平范围内的动模量阻尼比与动应变、固结围压及固结比的关系,讨论了初始动模量原本物理意义的求取方法,并分析了常规动静三轴试验求取模量时偏小的原因。     

加筋土的动三轴试验研究

以普通窗纱模拟土工合成材料,在大量动三轴试验的基础上,研究了加筋土的动力特性.试验表明:动应变水平影响动模量阻尼比成倍增减;围压对动模量的影响较大,动模量随围压增大而增大,但阻尼比随着固结围压增大而略有减小.     

石灰改良土动弹性模量与阻尼比的试验研究

针对施工现场的实际情况,对上海罗北路某新建工程路段的石灰改良软黏土开展动三轴试验,分析研究掺灰量、围压、固结比和加荷频率对其动弹性模量与阻尼比的影响。结果表明:随着掺灰量、围压、固结比和频率的增加,动弹性模量增加,阻尼比减小;动应变对动弹性模量和阻尼比的影响最大,随着动应变的增加,动弹性模量迅速减小,阻尼比成倍增加;随着掺灰量、围压和频率的增加,最大阻尼比减小,最大动弹性模量增加,但是固结比对最大动弹性模量和最大阻尼比的影响比较复杂。     

黄土的动强度特性试验分析

在试验的基础上,对山西省万荣地区Q2原状黄土的动强度特性进行分析。结果表明：不同固结应力条件下,Q2原状黄土的动应力应变关系呈双曲线形式,固结应力条件对动应力应变关系有明显的影响;Q2原状黄土的Ed和Gd随动剪应变的增大而减小;不同固结应力条件下,动剪切模量比与动剪应变比的关系具有良好的归一化特性;阻尼比随动剪应变增大其分布没有明显的规律性,但总体上随动剪应变的增大而呈逐渐上升的趋势。     

全风化花岗岩动强度特性研究

采用动三轴试验研究了全风化花岗岩的动强度和动模量,分析了动强度和动模量的影响因素.     

循环荷载作用下软土动力特性试验研究

为研究循环荷载作用引起的软土动力特性变化及由此导致的地基承载力不足等问题,以营口软土为研究对象,通过动三轴试验,研究了动应力幅值、固结围压、固结比、振动频率和振动次数对软土动力特性的影响.试验结果表明:营口软土具有明显的结构性,其动应变-振动次数(εd-lg N)曲线和动骨干曲线存在明显的应变转折点,超过此应变转折点后,土体变形迅速增加;动强度随固结围压的增加而增大,固结比和振动频率对软土动强度的影响却并非简单的一致增大或减小;动弹性模量随固结围压、固结比和振动频率的增加而增大,而动阻尼比则随着固结围压和固结比的增加而减小,随振动频率的增加而增大.     

全风化花岗岩动强度特性研究

采用动三轴试验研究了全风化花岗岩的动强度和动模量,分析了动强度和动模量的影响因素.     

察尔汗盐湖地区过盐渍土动剪切模量与阻尼比试验研究

针对交通循环荷载作用下过盐渍土动剪切模量和阻尼比的研究尚显不足的情况,基于GDS双向动态三轴伺服系统,对察尔汗盐湖地区过盐渍土动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响因素进行研究。研究结果表明:(1)动剪切模量随着动应变的增加而减小,加载初期减小速率较快,后期减小速率逐渐趋于平稳;(2)动剪切模量随着围压、冻融循环次数、振动频率的增加而增加,且增大幅值随动应变的增大逐渐减小;(3)阻尼比随着动应变的增加而减小,减小速度先快后慢,在动应变较小时曲线较陡,而超过某一动应变后,曲线逐渐平缓;(4)在较小动应变时,围压、振动频率对过盐渍土阻尼比的影响并不显著,在较大动应变作用下阻尼比随着围压和振动频率的增加而逐渐减小,但随冻融循环次数变化的规律不明显。     

原状黄土与压实黄土动回弹模量对比分析

利用动三轴仪,对含水量不同的绥德离石(Q2)黄土的原状样和压实样的动回弹模量进行了系统性的测定.将测定结果进行对比分析,结果表明:一定范围内黄土的动回弹模量随含水量的增加而减小,且由于原状黄土结构性的存在,其动回弹模量比压实黄土的动回弹模量大.     

武广客运专线红粘土动力特性试验研究

通过对武广客运专线咸宁、泉口工点石灰岩类红粘土进行的大量动三轴试验,得到了不同试验条件下红粘土的Ed-εd曲线、τd-lgNf曲线与动强度指标。探讨了围压、固结比、振次、土性等对红粘土动力特性参数(动强度、动强度指标、动模量等)的影响,并给出相应的影响曲线。验证了红粘土动本构关系仍可用R.L.Kondner双曲线模型进行描述。     

Analytical dynamic tire model

Modeling of tire friction is one of the central problems for vehicle control systems design. LuGre-type dynamic tire model has been proposed and well discussed in previous studies, because it offers a compact form of dynamic model that is convenient in advanced control studies. It has been successfully used in tire slip control design and vehicle state estimation problems. In this article, a concept of time-constrained Stribeck effect is introduced to interpret the mechanism of the LuGre friction model in predicting tire friction characteristics. A modified two-dimensional (2D) dynamic LuGre friction model is introduced to make it compatible with the governing theorem in the steady state. An analytical 2D modified LuGre-type dynamic tire model is developed, in which some fundamental limitations of classical LuGre models are eliminated. The main modifications involve a change in the structure of the 2D LuGre friction model, introduction of load-dependent parameters in 1D and 2D tire models, and a changed structure in the distributed parameter model. The proposed model is compared, in the steady state, to both the Magic Formula and the classical LuGre model. It improves model accuracy in the steady state and gives a physically reasonable distribution of the bristle deflection. A first-order lumped parameter (LP) nonlinear model, which has simpler structure than the distributed parameter model and the classical LP LuGre model, is then derived. Numerical simulations show that the proposed LP model has a good estimation for tire transient dynamics. Thus, the proposed model retains the merits of LuGre-type models and improves the agreement with observation and experimental data on friction force distribution along the patch and on the steady-state friction prediction.     

亦静亦动

2008年奥斯卡颁奖盛典上Cameron Diaz乘坐的Hydrogen7为我们描绘了大型豪华轿车零排放的蓝图。此后,V8发动机和电动机整合,带来油耗和排放更低的Active Hybrid 7。而今天,新ActiveHybrid 7的诞生,又会为我们带来什么？     

Analytical dynamic tire model

Modeling of tire friction is one of the central problems for vehicle control systems design. LuGre-type dynamic tire model has been proposed and well discussed in previous studies, because it offers a compact form of dynamic model that is convenient in advanced control studies. It has been successfully used in tire slip control design and vehicle state estimation problems. In this article, a concept of time-constrained Stribeck effect is introduced to interpret the mechanism of the LuGre friction model in predicting tire friction characteristics. A modified two-dimensional (2D) dynamic LuGre friction model is introduced to make it compatible with the governing theorem in the steady state. An analytical 2D modified LuGre-type dynamic tire model is developed, in which some fundamental limitations of classical LuGre models are eliminated. The main modifications involve a change in the structure of the 2D LuGre friction model, introduction of load-dependent parameters in 1D and 2D tire models, and a changed structure in the distributed parameter model. The proposed model is compared, in the steady state, to both the Magic Formula and the classical LuGre model. It improves model accuracy in the steady state and gives a physically reasonable distribution of the bristle deflection. A first-order lumped parameter (LP) nonlinear model, which has simpler structure than the distributed parameter model and the classical LP LuGre model, is then derived. Numerical simulations show that the proposed LP model has a good estimation for tire transient dynamics. Thus, the proposed model retains the merits of LuGre-type models and improves the agreement with observation and experimental data on friction force distribution along the patch and on the steady-state friction prediction.     

The dynamic response of rail support

This research reviews principles behind the dynamic response of rail supports, and introduces a method of analysis to find the maximum response in a realistic setting. Assuming a time-dependent, moving mass with massive wheels is essential, because the ratio of the moving mass to the rail mass is significant. However, the dynamic response of the track is not affected by dynamic properties of the train other than its unsprung mass, because the natural frequencies of the train suspension and track are significantly different. A numerical method is developed to model the dynamic response based on these principles, and applied to the Korean urban transit. The dynamic response includes multiple peaks with a large amplitude range, creating noise while the wheel passes the support. The dynamic impact factor (DIF) for the rail support depends mainly on the stiffness and damping of the rail support. The DIF for the rail moment is below the code value, whether this value is based on numerical analysis or on-site measurements. However, our numerical analysis results in a DIF for support settlement that is greater than the code value, if the damping is less than 3%.     

动态路线导行的模拟退火搜索算法

针对精确搜索算法在动态路线导行决策支持系统中的不足，通过对PAPAGEORGIOUS模型假设进行简化，提出了更为合理的动态路线导行目标函数，然后采用一种启发式搜索算法－－模拟退火（SA）算法，对路线导行初始交通数据进行训练，结果显示这种算法在动态路线导行建模中达到的精度是传统分析技术所无法比拟的。     

路面动态模量研究

路面的动态特性是目前各国研究的热点,其中动态模量又是这一特性的一个基本参数,文章论述了这一参数研究的重要意义及国内外研究现状,并最终提出在我国开展此项研究的基本原则。     

Nonlinear dynamic behaviour of a railway wheelset

Nonlinear dynamic systems are well known to contain certain characteristic additional phenomena compared with linear systems. One example is the fact that nonlinear systems can have multiple stable solutions for one set of parameters. In that case, which one of the multiple stable solutions will be realised will depend on the initial conditions. From the domains of initial conditions which are domains of attraction, probabilities of occurrence of the stable solutions can be calculated. The described dynamical behaviour is studied in the present paper using two examples. To introduce the basic phenomena, the well-known academic Duffing oscillator with harmonic excitation is considered. Domains of attraction are shown for the two stable solutions and the probability of occurrence of the two solutions in the case of equally distributed initial conditions is calculated. The main example to be considered in this paper is the railway wheelset, which is known to show (depending on the nonlinearities in the model) a subcritical Hopf bifurcation depending on the vehicle speed. In that case a range of speeds exists, where a stable trivial solution and a stable limit cycle solution coexist in addition to an unstable limit cycle solution. Again domains of attraction of the two stable solutions are calculated and their dependence on the vehicle speed is shown. The probabilities of occurrence of the two stable solutions are calculated, where special interest is given to the probability of occurrence of the undesired limit cycle solution.     

Integrated fuzzy/optimal vehicle dynamic control

There are basically two methods to control yaw moment which is the most efficient way to improve vehicle stability and handling. The first method is indirect yaw moment control, which works based on control of the lateral tire force through steering angle control. It is mainly known as active steering control (ASC). Nowadays, the most practical approach to steering control is active front steering (AFS). The other method is direct yaw moment control (DYC), in which an unequal distribution of longitudinal tire forces (mainly braking forces) produces a compensating external yaw moment. It is well known that the AFS performance is limited in the non-linear vehicle handling region. On the other hand, in spite of a good performance of DYC in both the linear and non-linear vehicle handling regions, continued DYC activation could lead to uncomfortable driving conditions and an increase in the stopping distance in the case of emergency braking. It is recommended that DYC be used only in high-g critical maneuvers. In this paper, an integrated fuzzy/optimal AFS/DYC controller has been designed. The control system includes five individual optimal LQR control strategies; each one, has been designed for a specific driving condition. The strategies can cover low, medium, and high lateral acceleration maneuvers on high-μ or low-μ roads. A fuzzy blending logic also has been utilized to mange each LQR control strategy contribution level in the final control action. The simulation results show the advantages of the proposed control system over the individual AFS or DYC controllers.     

轮胎动力学特性仿真分析研究

分析了各种常用轮胎模型的特点与应用范围,根据汽车操纵动力学研究的需求,在Matlab环境下运用魔术公式建立了轮胎动力学模型,并对汽车轮胎力与纵向滑移率,纵向力、侧向力及回正力矩与纵向滑移率、侧偏角、外倾角、垂直载荷的关系等轮胎特性进行了仿真分析,实验结果表明,魔术公式轮胎动力学模型可以较好地模拟轮胎的动力学特性,适用于车辆动力学研究领域。     

汽车动力性检测模型的建立

通过对驱动和反拖两种状态的力学分析，建立了汽车动力性检测模型，利用反拖方法，求出车轮正驱动时的滚动阻力系数，进而求出驱动轮输出扭矩，最终计算发动机输出功率，以此评价汽车动力性。