商用车中排座椅振动特性分析与优化

针对某商用车路试时中排座椅抖动问题,通过有限元仿真分析获得了其模态频率和振型,并完成模态试验验证。通过四通道扫频试验分析了座椅的振动特性,运用传递路径分析法(TPA)计算了座椅振动传递函数并识别出传递路径贡献量,结果表明,座椅靠背在频率为17.84 Hz处X向振动加速度出现峰值为0.06 g,振动主要传递路径为右前悬挂连结点X向-座椅安装孔Z向-座椅靠背顶部X向。基于分析结果提出了优化方案,实施优化方案后座椅振动降低约40.7%,提升了整车舒适性。     

基于模态分析的汽车转向盘怠速抖动优化

针对某轿车怠速开空调转向盘抖动的问题,对转向盘和排气系统模态进行分析,发现该车转向盘和排气系统在约束条件下的模态参数与发动机的2阶点火频率相一致.调整了其转向盘和排气系统的模态,并针对优化后转向盘进行了振动试验.结果表明,转向盘X方向的振动由0.90 m/s2降为0.31 m/s2,Y方向的振动由1.05 m/s2降为...     

车辆制动抖动仿真与优化

利用Adams Car建立了制动抖动多体动力学模型,验证了BTV(Brake Torque Variation)模型的准确性及方向盘切向振动加速度响应的精确性。利用Isight进行了悬架硬点及悬架衬套的敏感性分析,结果表明,转向拉杆外点x向坐标、摆臂外点x向坐标、转向拉杆内点x向坐标、摆臂前衬套y向刚度、摆臂后衬套x向刚度及摆臂后衬套y向刚度对制动抖动引起的方向盘振动较明显。最后提出了衬套优化方案,优化后方向盘振动加速度均方根值减小25.7%,驾驶员垂向振动加速度均方根值同时减小1.34%。     

路肩隆声带警示效果的试验研究

使用Wirtgen W600DC型铣刨机在试验路段上设置了5种形式的路肩隆声带,采用驾驶员头部位置处的噪声值、地板和座椅处的振动加速度值作为测量参数,进行了3种车型(轿车、中型客车、重型货车)的道路试验,建立了路肩隆声带警示效果与结构参数间的经验模型。试验结果显示,在隆声带条件下,噪声增大了8~23 dB,且在车速为25km/h时出现峰值,在车速大于40 km/h时,随车速的增加而增大;车辆地板加速度均方根值平均增大4~7倍,车辆座椅加速度均方根值平均增大2~3倍。车辆地板和座椅加速度,在隆声带深度大于14 mm时增幅较大,且对于同一结构尺寸的隆声带,在车速为20~35 km/h时出现波峰,在车速大于40 km/h时,随车速的增加而增大。最后,在保证路肩隆声带警示效果以及使用安全性的条件下,提出了适用于我国高等级公路的路肩隆声带合理结构参数建议。     

车内低频振动噪声的虚拟传递路径分析

传递路径分析法是诊断汽车振动噪声问题准确有效的方法。试验传递路径分析耗时耗力且需要实制样车,为在整车开发初期诊断汽车振动噪声问题,对整车虚拟传递路径分析法进行了研究。首先建立了包含底盘的整车声固耦合有限元模型,采用频率响应法预测车内声学振动响应,发现驾驶员右耳声压在38 Hz处以及驾驶员座椅导轨振动在59 Hz处存在较大峰值。在有限元模型基础上建立了整车虚拟传递路径分析模型,该模型合成的声学振动结果与频率响应法结果吻合较好,验证了模型的正确性。利用虚拟传递路径法对两处峰值作诊断分析,根据分析结果对贡献量大的路径进行优化。优化结果表明,38 Hz处驾驶员右耳声压降低2 dB,59 Hz处座椅振动改善效果明显。     

传递函数法解决排气系统挂钩的共振问题

利用传递函数法分析某汽车排气系统挂钩的局部同有频率,发现一些排气系统挂钩固有频率偏低.经过结构优化,使各挂钩的固有频率得到提高并达到目标值要求.怠速工况试验表明,优化后的挂钩不仅降低了车内驾驶员右耳侧噪声,而且减小了排气系统传到车身地板的振动.     

相对传递路径分析方法及其在轿车车身振动分析中的应用

提出一种基于全局传递率矩阵的相对传递路径分析方法,该方法建立传递路径分离模式,对分离模式下的响应进行预测,并计算出传递路径相对贡献度。针对轿车车身振动问题进行应用研究,选取发动机悬置安装点加速度和车内座椅安装处加速度作为振动传递分析的研究对象,试验结果表明,基于全局传递率矩阵的相对传递路径分析方法可以有效预测振动传递分离模式下的目标加速度,能够识别出贡献度较大的传递路径,验证了方法的工程可行性,为开展轿车车身NVH性能分析提供了可借鉴的方法和途径。     

空气悬浮式减振座椅气泵技术

驾驶员在长时间的驾驶过程中,会受到来自路面和车体的振动,频繁的振动极易使驾驶员产生疲劳感。超过界限的振动就会对驾驶员的生理和心理产生极其不良的影响,从而降低工作效率,甚至导致交通事故。鉴于此,现在的许多商用汽车驾驶员座椅上都采用了空气悬浮式减振座椅。车辆安装了空气悬浮式减振座椅,当气囊被充满气体后,驾驶员就可以根据自身的需要,把座椅调节到最舒适的气压位置(即减振平衡点),平顺性极佳。空气悬浮式减振座椅,除座椅自身质量外,可以承载130kg的质量,加上汽车在行驶过程中振动所产生的加速度重力,悬浮距离可保持在10-70mm之间。由于悬浮状态隔离了力波的直接传导,具有减振,防振、抗振等特性,从而大大减轻了驾驶员的旅途疲劳,并有效降低了危险系数。面对国内及国际汽车市场的需求,浙江省温岭市富康汽车零部件有限公司研制开发了空气悬浮式减振座椅气泵,申请了外观设计和实用新型专利(专利号:ZL03327845.8、ZL03229245.7)。该产品于2004年12月通过了浙江省科学技术厅(受国家科技部委托)的科学技术成果鉴定。评委会一     

车辆荷载作用下双工字钢-混组合连续梁桥振动控制研究

车桥耦合作用下，钢-混凝土组合梁桥竖向振动问题比较突出，这将影响行人的安全及舒适性。以中国某三跨双工字钢-混凝土组合连续梁桥为研究对象，对桥梁进行车桥耦合振动分析及控制。基于Newmark-β法在ANSYS中利用APDL语言建立车桥耦合振动模型，并对不同车重、车速和路面等级下的桥梁竖向加速度振动响应进行分析。在桥梁各跨跨中安装调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)对桥梁振动进行控制，采用最佳参数调整方法确定TMD参数。对安装TMD前后的桥梁振动响应进行对比分析，并结合Sperling指标对行人舒适度进行评价。研究结果表明：车速、车重和路面等级均是导致行人舒适度变差的重要因素;2辆同型号车辆按相应车道并排行驶，安装TMD后，随着车速的增大，桥梁跨中竖向加速度峰值减小率逐渐增大，当车速为120 km·h^-1时，桥梁跨中竖向加速度峰值减小率达到43.7%，Sperling指标从2.76降到2.33，振动控制效果最为明显;随着车重的增加，桥梁跨中竖向加速度峰值减小率基本呈增大趋势，当各车重为40 t时，桥梁跨中竖向加速度峰值减小率为29.1%，Sperling指标从2.20减小到1.99，行人舒适度得到了较大改善;随着路面不平顺等级的增大，桥梁跨中竖向加速度峰值减小率也逐渐增大，C级路面时加速度峰值减小率可达到29.4%，控制效果明显。因此，安装TMD对不同车重、车速和路面等级下的桥梁跨中竖向加速度响应均起到了控制作用，对双工字钢-混凝土组合连续梁桥安装TMD可以有效地改善行人舒适度。     

液压悬置阻尼频率对车辆平顺性的影响

针对某车型的动力总成在粗糙路面抖动大的问题,通过采用四立柱道路振动试验台和悬置系统6自由度模型,研究了液压悬置阻尼频率与整车平顺性的关系。结果表明,四立柱道路振动试验台上座椅导轨的振动峰值频率有两个,分别来源于轮心共振和动力总成垂向共振;基于6自由度模型计算的动力总成模态分布,与实际测试整车垂向模态有偏差,源于液压悬置的阻尼作用和整车悬置安装点不满足计算假设;通过优化液压悬置阻尼频率能够抑制动力总成垂向振动,同时降低轮心的垂向振动,有效改善了行驶在粗糙路面的平顺性。     

A study of locomotive driver's seat vertical suspension system with adjustable damper

This paper shows that laboratory measurements can be used for the identification of structure and parameters of commercial seat vertical suspension system model. A commonly used single-degree-of-freedom suspension model does not suffice. The system model presented is based on Zener's structure and clearly describes the dynamic properties of a vertical seat suspension with an adjustable damper. The model introduced, augmented with seat cushion dynamic model, predicts the seat vertical vibration mitigation properties under field conditions with a reasonable accuracy. Optimisation of the adjustable damper setting is performed using a two-objective function optimisation technique. This enables us to optimise not only the exerted vertical vibration acceleration but also the seat relative vertical displacement (stroke). Optimisation was facilitated for the particular suspended seat without the requirement of further field measurements. In addition, a two-parameter optimisation was performed showing possible further improvement in both objectives at the manufacturer's discretion. This study could be representative of driver's seats equipped with vertical seat suspension system using an air-spring and an adjustable damper.     

基于提高后碰性能的车身结构优化

为提高乘用车后碰发生时乘客的安全性以及避免燃油泄露,对某款车后纵梁采用分段式设计、合理布置吸能筋及增加后纵梁加强板等优化车身结构设计的方法,使后排R点侵入量由优化前的125mm低为44mm,最大加速度值由24g降低为18g,加速度峰值时间较优化前延迟5ms,同时同一位置处最大截面力由80kN减小为58kN,后碰性能明显提升,通过CAE仿真分析及实车验证,该设计方法符合法规要求,为处理类似车身结构设计问题提供了参考。     

基于CAE技术的某中型卡车司机座椅振动舒适性分析及优化

座椅刚度和阻尼参数的选取,直接影响座椅的乘坐舒适性。采用CAE技术,对某中型卡车司机座椅进行动力学响应分析,并对座椅的弹簧刚度和减振器阻尼参数进行动力学优化,优化后座垫上的加速度峰值大幅降低,取得了比较好的效果。通过平顺性试验验证,优化后的座椅结构在各种车速下,总计权值明显低于原结构。摸索出了一条运用CAE技术对机械式座椅的乘坐舒适性进行分析和优化的途径。     

电喷汽油机过渡工况排放的测量与分析

测量了某车用电喷汽油机在冷起动、冷加/减速、空载热突减速及热加速等工况下排气中CO,HC,NOx,CO2和O2的体积分数,并分析了原因。结果表明,发动机冷起动时排出大量的HC和CO,而此时催化转化器尚未起燃,需从混合气制备和燃烧过程优化等方面对该阶段着重控制;冷加/减速工况下,CO,HC和NOx排放均出现了峰值,实际运行时应尽量减少此类操作;空载热突减速工况下,HC排放出现了较大的峰值,表明减速断油策略仍需进一步研究;而热加速工况的控制重点则是NOx排放。     

Parameters optimisation of a vehicle suspension system using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to determine the lumped suspension parameters that minimise a multi-objective function in a vehicle model under different standard PSD road profiles. This optimisation tries to meet the rms vertical acceleration weighted limits for human sensitivity curves from ISO 2631 [ISO-2631: guide for evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Europe; 1997] at the driver's seat, the road holding capability and the suspension working space. The vehicle is modelled in the frequency domain using eight degrees of freedom under a random road profile. The particle swarm optimisation and sequential quadratic programming algorithms are used to obtain the suspension optimal parameters in different road profile and vehicle velocity conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the obtained results and, in Class G road profile, the seat damping has the major influence on the minimisation of the multi-objective function. The influence of vehicle parameters in vibration attenuation is analysed and it is concluded that the front suspension stiffness should be less stiff than the rear ones when the driver's seat relative position is located forward the centre of gravity of the car body. Graphs and tables for the behaviour of suspension parameters related to road classes, used algorithms and velocities are presented to illustrate the results. In Class A road profile it was possible to find optimal parameters within the boundaries of the design variables that resulted in acceptable values for the comfort, road holding and suspension working space.     

汽车悬架系统非线性参数时域优化及应用

针对国产某微型轿车,在建立汽车悬架系统5自由度模型和时域路面模型基础上,对悬架系统的线性弹簧和非线性阻尼参数进行了优化。根据优化结果,对悬架系统的刚度和阻尼进行了匹配设计。经试验表明:座椅加速度自谱峰值减小7.4%,加速度均方根值减小19.4%,有效地改善了该车的行驶平顺性,证明时域优化方法对于悬架系统非线性参数优化是可行的。     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

Vibration Control of a Passenger Vehicle Utilizing a Semi-Active ER Engine Mount

This paper presents vibration control of a passenger vehicle using an electronically controllable electro-rheological (ER) engine mount. A mixed-mode ER engine mount operating under the flow and shear modes is devised and manufactured. After establishing the dynamic model of the proposed ER engine mount, both field-dependent displacement transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of the ER engine mount are empirically evaluated. The ER engine mount is then incorporated with a full-vehicle model in order to investigate vibration control performance at the driver's seat position. The governing equation of motion of the full-vehicle model is formulated by considering engine excitation force, followed by designing a skyhook controller to attenuate unwanted vibration. The controller is implemented through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS), and control responses such as acceleration level at idle speed are evaluated in the frequency and time domains.     

基于微型车吸能结构改进的约束系统最优化分析

针对缩短微型车前纵梁长度的结构改进,采用MADYMO动力学分析软件对微型车目标碰撞加速度曲线、驾驶员约束系统和损伤指标进行了分析研究。以改进结构后的碰撞加速度曲线为基础进行了约束系统的参数分析,包括安全带安装位置、安全带刚度、卷收器特性、座椅刚度和转向盘的位置等,利用MADYM IZER对所选参数进行了最优化分析。研究结果表明:约束系统分析可以有效地辅助吸能结构改进,且在改进吸能结构碰撞加速度曲线后通过调整约束系统参数实现对驾驶员的良好保护。