行人头部伤害与头部碰撞试验方法的相关性分析

本文通过对行人交通事故数据的统计分析,讨论造成行人头部伤害的原因与规律,并对现行的头部模块碰撞试验方法与行人交通事故的相关性进行了分析与讨论。结果表明,碰撞前行人的运动状态对碰撞结果有显著影响,目前EEVC头部模块试验方法中规定的碰撞方向与实际行人碰撞事故中行人头部的碰撞方向存在较大差异;行人头部与风档玻璃、A柱区域以及地面发生碰撞的可能性均比较大,所以有必要通过进一步的试验研究,分析头部与这些区域发生碰撞的规律,并将其纳入头部模块的碰撞试验中。     

满足行人头部碰撞要求的轿车总布置设计方法

行人保护已成为汽车总布置设计关注的重要问题之一。本文根据头部碰撞伤害值的理论分析,提出了满足行人头部碰撞要求的轿车总布置设计方法,为新车型开发行人头部保护提供了可行性参考方法。     

人车相撞头部伤害影响因素仿真分析及试验

在汽车与行人碰撞事故中,行人头部伤害是造成行人重伤或死亡的主要原因。采用有限元三维实体建模技术,建立了发动机罩和包括头皮、头骨两层球体结构的行人头部有限元模型,分析了头部与发动机罩的瞬态大变形非线性撞击响应,得到了头部与发动机罩相撞时的速度、位置及头部质量、发动机罩的厚度、摩擦因数等因素对头部伤害的影响规律,并对铝质与钢质发动机罩作了比较,结果表明铝质发动机罩对行人头部具有更好的保护效果。     

轿车前部结构参数对儿童头部损伤影响分析

在轿车-行人碰撞事故中,影响行人头部损伤的车辆前部结构参数主要有:保险杠中心离地高度、保险杠宽度和伸出长度、发动机盖前缘高度及发动机盖倾斜角等.文中首先建立了儿童行人的仿真模型,并利用事故重建验证了仿真模型的可靠性;接着采用正交试验分析了上述参数对儿童头部伤害指数的影响;最后将所得结果和成年行人头部损伤的相关指数进行比较.结果表明,前部结构参数对儿童头部损伤的影响比成人的大,其中发动机盖前缘高度对儿童行人头部伤害的影响最为显著.     

人车碰撞交通事故中行人伤害程度仿真研究

为研究行人在人车碰撞交通事故中伤害程度的数量关系,应用PCcrash软件模拟100组车辆碰撞行人交通事故,获得行人头部和胸部的加速度和受力情况,计算头部HIC值及胸部3ms合成加速度值;并将碰撞时车辆速度、制动减速度、行人身高和体重作为变量,回归分析与头部HIC值及胸部3ms合成加速度值的关系,得到碰撞时行人伤害程度方程;通过实例验证方程的有效性较高。     

正交试验法在行人保护发动机罩概念设计中的应用

文中通过对行人头部碰撞机罩的过程加速度的分析。讨论了在碰撞过程中造成头部伤害的各影响因素。并利用dyna软件对汽车有限元模型仿真分析。在分析过程中。利用正交试验法对发动机罩系统进行概念设计研究。得出各因数对行人头部伤害值的影响程度。指导发动机罩的设计。     

有利于行人头部保护的碰撞波形研究

对行人头部碰撞波形进行了合理简化,研究了3种典型简化波形对行人头部碰撞所需吸能空间的影响,推导出了满足头部伤害指标HIC=1000且所需吸能空间最小的最优简化波形,提出了有利于行人头部保护的碰撞波形改进措施.建立了某车型行人头部碰撞有限元模型并进行了试验验证,结果表明,所提改进措施可以有效地提高行人头部保护性能.     

基于行人头部保护的产品设计

文中通过试验对已有车型进行重点分析，寻找行人头部保护设计的指导性策略和方案，并在项目中进行运用。同时运用仿真和试验验证行人头部保护设计策略的合理性。     

塑料前舱盖头部保护C-NCAP五星目标达成

在车辆与行人碰撞事故中行人属于弱势群体,而且行人头部受到的伤害尤其严重,通过对前舱盖针对性结构设计有利于提高行人头部的保护。采用仿真和试验结合对标的方法,建立行人头部撞击器与发动机罩碰撞的有限元模型,通过模拟头部伤害值得分,对结构设计提出优化改进方向。汽车针对行人的碰撞安全保护已经成为汽车碰撞安全性研究领域的主要一环,其评价方法的完善对促进汽车与行人碰撞安全性的提高具有重要意义。     

界面黏结强度对风窗玻璃碰撞吸能性的影响

针对低速条件下人车相撞事故中汽车前风窗玻璃(PVB夹层玻璃)与行人头部的碰撞过程,应用有限元法研究了风窗玻璃中玻璃层与PVB层间的界面黏结强度对风窗玻璃碰撞吸能性的影响.结果表明,适当的界面黏结强度可使风窗玻璃吸收更多的碰撞能量,从而减轻行人头部的伤害,达到保护行人生命安全的目的.     

基于E—NCAP行人碰撞保护的发动机罩设计

行人头部碰撞保护一直是汽车行人安全设计的难点,随着E—NCAP对行人保护要求的不断提高,头部保护的得分比重对于获得高星级评价至关重要。文章基于某车型E—NCAPV6．2五星性能开发,采用虚拟仿真与试验测试有效结合的方法,对发动机罩进行了优化设计,提出了一种有利于行人头部碰撞保护的发动机罩。改进前后测试成绩的对比分析表明,该结构可极大优化行人头部碰撞保护效果,使发动机罩头部测试区域得分总分提升至24．43分,满足E—NCAPV6．2五星行人保护性能要求。可为后续设计提供参考,具有很高的推广价值。     

基于行人保护头部碰撞的空调进气格栅结构

研究了一种适用于行人保护头部碰撞的空调进气格栅结构.通过增加前板结构的高度、椭圆形的压溃槽、倾斜角度及悬臂梁结构,弱化头部碰撞区域,有效降低行人头部受到车辆撞击时的撞击速度,进一步减小碰撞伤害.     

Influence of the geometric parameters of the vehicle frontal profile on the pedestrian’s head accelerations in case of accidents

The goal of this paper is to determine how the geometry of the vehicle’s frontal profile is influencing the pedestrian’s head accelerations (linear and angular) in car-to-pedestrian accidents. In order to achieve this goal, a virtual multibody dummy of the pedestrian was developed and multiple simulations of accidents were performed using vehicles with different frontal profile geometry, from different classes. The type of accidents considered is characteristic for urban areas and occur at relatively low speed (around 30 km/h) when an adult pedestrian is struck from the rear and the head acceleration variation are the measurement of the accident severity. In the accident simulation 3D meshes were applied on the geometry of the vehicles, in order to define the contact surface with the virtual dummy, similar with real vehicles. The validation of the virtual pedestrian dummy was made by performing two crash-tests with a real dummy, using the same conditions as in the simulations. The measured accelerations in the tests were the linear and angular accelerations of the head during the impact, and these were compared with the ones from the simulations. After validating the virtual model of the car-to-pedestrian accident, we were able to perform multiple simulations with different vehicle shapes. These simulations are revealing how the geometric parameters of the vehicle’s frontal profile are influencing the head acceleration. This paper highlights the main geometric parameters of the frontal profile design that influence the head injury severity and the way that the vehicles can be improved by modifying these parameters. The paper presents an approach to determine the “friendliness” of the vehicle’s frontal profile in the car-to-pedestrian collision.     

Analyzing pedestrian head injury to design pedestrian-friendly hoods

Head injuries are a major cause of fatalities in pedestrian-car accidents. The HIC (Head Injury Criterion) value, a measure of the fatality risk of a head injury, is calculated from the acceleration of the head’s center of gravity (henceforth, head center) resulting from a head impact. The pedestrian’s head does not impact the hood at a direction normal to the hood’s surface. The direction of motion of the head center may change extremely rapidly upon impact, and normal acceleration may also significantly contribute to the resultant acceleration of the head center. Therefore, pedestrian head protection studies should consider how normal acceleration contributes to the resultant acceleration of the head center. It is necessary to control the resultant acceleration of the head center to produce an optimal characteristic pulse. This study analyzes the composition and variations of the head’s acceleration in head-to-hood impacts, focusing on exactly how the normal and tangential components of the acceleration contribute to the resultant acceleration of the head center. This study also considers how structural design parameters affect each component of the resultant acceleration. Methods to control the resultant acceleration of the head center to produce an optimal characteristic pulse can be proposed based on the results of this study. The analytical models and the results of this study contribute to efforts to design vehicle hoods and pave the way for developing pedestrian protection technologies.     

主动式发动机罩关键问题探讨和AHLS的概念设计

行人保护的重点是在行人交通事故中避免最可能致行人死亡的头部损伤,因此主动式发动机罩的研究和应用将成为行人保护的重要手段之一.文中分析了主动式发动机罩的关键问题,并提出一种新型的前后同步升起的主动式发动机罩举升系统的概念设计,为主动式罩的设计提供借鉴.     

交通事故中的行人头部伤害分析

简要分析了我国交通伤亡的发生情况及其分布,并与其他国家的相关数据进行对比。从行人头部损伤分析入手,对在交通事故中的头部损伤发生形式及严重程度做了简要介绍,并对影响车辆—行人碰撞中行人头部伤害严重程度的影响因素进行了详细的分析和阐述,以期为行人头部保护装置的研究提供思路。     

交叉口人行横道通行能力研究

人行横道通行能力是确定行人过街设施的基础参数。通过分析信号交叉口处人行横道混合交通特征,提出了一定周期时长和单位人行横道宽度的人行横道绿灯时间内的实际通行能力计算公式;以可接受间隙理论为基础,利用概率论的方法,推导出了无信号交叉口处人行横道的通行能力计算公式,并通过实例验算,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于老龄化社会发展的道路交通设计问题探讨

根据我国老龄化的现状以及老年人交通事故频发的基本情形,分析现有道路系统存在的各种不利于老年人出行的因素,如绿灯时间过短、道路人行条件差、交通标志标识不明显、老年人乘坐公共交通不便等,在此基础上提出针对老年人的交通设计改进措施,以期为相关工作提供参考。     

Impact phase in frontal vehicle-pedestrian collisions

The paper presents an alternative model developed in order to determine the pedestrian throw distance, taking into account ten distinct parameters. The collision dynamics, after the primary and secondary impact (pedestrian’s head hitting the vehicle windshield-hood area) between the vehicle and the pedestrian, entails the pedestrian ‘carrying’ phase onto the vehicle hood-windshield. Other parameters influencing the pedestrian throw distance, such as road inclination, friction coefficient between the pedestrian and the ground, vehicle and pedestrian mass, pedestrian launch angle are considered for the analysis. A comparison between the results obtained through the formula proposed in this paper and the results obtained by other researchers as well as a comparison with the results extracted from the casuistry analyzed by the authors on both accident reconstruction and laboratory tests is carried out.     

基于EuroNCAP的成人头部碰撞保护设计研究

成人头部碰撞保护一直是车辆行人安全设计的难点,随着ENCAP对行人保护的要求不断提高,成人头部保护的得分比重对于获得高星级评价至关重要。文章以SMTC某车型的行人保护开发为例,分别从造型、布置、结构等方面分析了成人头部碰撞保护的设计原则与改进方法,并通过试验与CAE仿真分析,验证了本文结论的对提高成人头部碰撞保护性能的有效性。