EGR对柴油CI-HCCI-CI燃烧模式切换过程的影响

通过喷油控制实现了双模式柴油机燃烧模式等指示平均有效压力(Indicated Mean Effective Pressure,IMEP)运行,在此基础上通过在均值充量压燃(Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition,HCCI)燃烧循环中引入排气再循环(Exhaust Gas Recirculation,EGR),推迟HCCI燃烧相位,进一步实现了燃烧模式等IMEP运行基础上的等CA50切换,并重点研究了EGR切换策略对燃烧模式切换过程中CA50平顺性的影响,确定了最优的EGR切换策略。试验结果表明,CI-HCCI燃烧模式切换过程,最优的EGR切换策略为无量纲循环数σCI-HCCI等于4.8方案,COVCA50仅为16.4%,较同时切换时减小了28%;HCCI-CI燃烧模式切换过程,最优的EGR切换策略为无量纲循环数σHCCI-CI等于0.6方案,COVCA50仅为13.8%,较同时切换时减小了30.3%。     

高压共轨柴油机起动控制策略与参数优化研究EI北大核心CSCD

以2.0T高压共轨柴油机和Bosch第二代高压共轨燃油喷射系统为基础,制定了起动控制策略,并通过试验,在喷油量一定的情况下,优化了起动控制策略中起动调整转矩常数、喷油比例和喷射定时等参数。结果表明:起动调整转矩常数设为25N·m,使燃烧和放热重心都在上止点附近,燃油燃烧充分;2次预喷和1次主喷的喷油比例设置为20%-20%-60%,可缩短发动机起动时间和稳定起动过程中的最高缸压;通过正交试验确定了最优喷射正时,有效降低了起动循环最高缸压均方差,并提高了起动首循环热效率。发动机经优化后,缩短了的起动时间,提高了起动的平顺度和平稳性,燃油燃烧更加充分,从而全面提高了发动机的起动性能。     

高压共轨柴油机起动控制策略与参数优化研究

以2.0T高压共轨柴油机和Bosch第二代高压共轨燃油喷射系统为基础,制定了起动控制策略,并通过试验,在喷油量一定的情况下,优化了起动控制策略中起动调整转矩常数、喷油比例和喷射定时等参数。结果表明:起动调整转矩常数设为25N·m,使燃烧和放热重心都在上止点附近,燃油燃烧充分;2次预喷和1次主喷的喷油比例设置为20%-20%-60%,可缩短发动机起动时间和稳定起动过程中的最高缸压;通过正交试验确定了最优喷射正时,有效降低了起动循环最高缸压均方差,并提高了起动首循环热效率。发动机经优化后,缩短了的起动时间,提高了起动的平顺度和平稳性,燃油燃烧更加充分,从而全面提高了发动机的起动性能。     

单段与两段喷射均质直喷汽油机混合气形成研究

针对某均质缸内直喷汽油机低速时燃油湿壁问题,用定容弹试验对喷雾模型进行标定,同时使用FIRE 软件对单段和两段喷油策略的混合气形成过程进行数值模拟研究.结果表明,转速为2000 r/min的全负荷工况下,单段喷油时燃油湿壁现象较为严重,而采用两段喷油可明显改善燃油碰壁情况,且点火时刻缸内混合气均匀性也得到改善;第2段喷油结束时刻越晚,燃油碰壁量越小,混合气浓度分布均匀性越差.     

优化动力HCCI汽油机的试验研究

采用优化动力(OKP)技术手段,利用进气加热实现了产品4缸汽油机的HCCI燃烧.研究了OKP HCCI汽油机的燃烧、HC排放及燃油消耗等特性,分析了压缩比及过量空气系数对HCCI燃烧的影响,并对SI-HCCI切换过程中HC排放规律进行了试验研究.结果表明,OKP HCCI汽油机能在15个循环内实现SI-HCCI燃烧模式...     

基于参考模型的复合功率分流系统模式切换中的转矩协调控制EI北大核心CSCD

针对双行星排复合功率分流混合动力系统纯电动和电动-无级变速器混合动力模式之间切换时车辆平顺性较差的问题,提出了一种转矩协调控制策略。通过系统动力学分析,建立了模式切换过程的动态模型。基于参考模型设计模式切换转矩分配策略和冲击度补偿控制策略,动态分配不同阶段的动力源转矩,并根据平顺性目标调节电机转矩变化率,补偿系统转矩波动。仿真和台架试验结果表明,所提出的策略可满足模式切换过程车辆动力性和发动机起动性要求,并将冲击度降低至15. 5m/s3以内,满足国家标准要求。     

基于参考模型的复合功率分流系统模式切换中的转矩协调控制

针对双行星排复合功率分流混合动力系统纯电动和电动-无级变速器混合动力模式之间切换时车辆平顺性较差的问题,提出了一种转矩协调控制策略。通过系统动力学分析,建立了模式切换过程的动态模型。基于参考模型设计模式切换转矩分配策略和冲击度补偿控制策略,动态分配不同阶段的动力源转矩,并根据平顺性目标调节电机转矩变化率,补偿系统转矩波动。仿真和台架试验结果表明,所提出的策略可满足模式切换过程车辆动力性和发动机起动性要求,并将冲击度降低至15. 5m/s3以内,满足国家标准要求。     

均质压燃发动机研究开发新进展

介绍了HCCI燃烧节能和降排放的潜力及其产业化关键技术问题;阐述了HCCI发动机稳态工况下的着火燃烧控制方法、瞬态运行控制方法和数值模拟等方面的最新研究进展。可以看出,目前国际上HCCI产业化研究主要集中在汽油机和柴油机HCCI燃烧控制方面,包括燃烧诊断、燃烧模式切换和瞬态工况过渡。缸内直喷多段喷射是HCCI燃烧在车用发动机上应用更有前途和更具可行性的方式。HCCI发动机产业化进程将取决于快速可变配气系统和高质量燃油喷射系统等技术的进一步成熟和产业化成本。     

车用柴油机低油耗低排放燃烧技术研究

面对日益严格的车用柴油机排放限制和燃油经济性要求，本文概述了目前低油耗低排放技术，实验研究了极早喷射、多段喷射和ＭＫ燃烧方式的燃油经济性和排放特性，并针对涡轮增压四冲程柴油机提出了一种低温顶混合稀薄燃烧的实现途径。     

机电无级传动混合动力驱动系统的模式切换协调控制

开发了一种由双转子电机和双排行星齿轮机构组成的机电无级传动混合动力驱动系统,建立了整车动力学模型,提出了"转矩分配+发动机转矩估计+电动机转矩补偿+补偿系数修正"的协调控制策略;最后分别对由纯电动模式切换到混合驱动模式的定工况和全工况进行仿真,结果表明:所提出的控制策略能有效地抑制驱动模式切换过程中因不同动力源动态特性差异所造成的整车纵向冲击,提高了汽车行驶平顺性。     

内燃机燃料化学动力学机理的研究进展

综述了国内外构建甲醇、乙醇、正庚烷(替代柴油)、异辛烷(替代汽油)、癸酸甲酯(替代生物柴油)等内燃机燃料详细化学动力学机理的研究进展.介绍了国际燃烧学界和反应动力学界对复杂反应体系的反应机理进行简化处理的主要方法,以及运用这些方法所取得的研究成果,比较分析了不同机理简化方法的理论基础和优缺点.鉴于代用燃料常采用掺烧方法...     

RCCI发动机及相关基础研究

活性氛围分层压燃(RCCI)是面向压缩点火发动机的一种燃烧新技术,在能够维持压缩点火发动机高热效率的前提下实现氮氧化物(NO_x)与炭烟颗粒(PM)排放同时降低。回顾了RCCI燃烧理论的提出和发展历程,分析了发动机应用现状,提出了当前RCCI燃烧基础研究中亟需解决的关键问题。     

侧向换气发动机分层和均质燃烧的试验研究

在1台侧向进气的单缸发动机上对分层和均质充气燃烧进行了试验研究。通过灵活的喷油和点火控制策略实现了缸内的分层充气和均质充气燃烧。在线分析了各种工况下分层和均质充气燃烧及排放状况。研究表明,随着过量空气系数的增加,分层燃烧的性能明显优于均质燃烧,并且在稀燃状态下,分层燃烧能获得比均质燃烧更好的燃烧稳定性。在所有研究工况下,分层燃烧都能够有效地降低NOx排放。     

燃料辛烷值对CAI燃烧特性影响的研究

利用异辛烷与正庚烷配比不同辛烷值燃料,在快速压缩机上进行可控自燃(CAI)燃烧试验,研究了不同边界条件下燃料辛烷值对CAI燃烧特性的影响规律。结果表明,在其他边界条件不变的情况下,随着燃料辛烷值的增加,最大压力升高率降低,最大压力升高率出现时刻延迟,燃烧温度开始迅速上升的时刻延迟,燃烧温度的最大值减小,燃烧始点延迟,燃烧持续期延长。     

电控单体泵燃烧系统匹配试验研究

对新132发动机燃烧系统进行了匹配试验,阐述了供油系统改进、喷孔参数匹配、燃烧室优化的整个过程,确定了新燃烧系统合理的供油参数、喷孔方案和燃烧室方案,并对比分析了燃烧系统改进前后燃烧放热过程的差异,最终实现了原机功率提升45%的性能指标。     

Low temperature premixed combustion within a small bore high speed direct injection (HSDI) optically accessible diesel engine using a retarded single injection

An optically accessible single-cylinder high speed direct-injection (HSDI) Diesel engine equipped with a Bosch common rail injection system was used to study low temperature Modulated Kinetics (MK) combustion with a retarded single main injection. High-speed liquid fuel Mie-scattering was employed to investigate the liquid distribution and evolution. By carefully setting up the optics, three-dimensional images of fuel spray were obtained from both the bottom of the piston and the side window. The NOx emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. The influence of injection pressure and injection timing on liquid fuel evolution and combustion characteristics was studied under similar fuel quantities. Interesting spray development was seen from the side window images. Liquid impingement was found for all of the cases due to the small diameter of the piston bowl. The liquid fuel tip hits the bowl wall obliquely and spreads as a wall jet in the radial direction of the spray. Due to the bowl geometry, the fuel film moves back into the central part of the bowl, which enhances the air-fuel mixing process and prepares a more homogeneous air-fuel mixture. Stronger impingement was seen for high injection pressures. Injection timing had little effect on fuel impingement. No liquid fuel was seen before ignition, indicating premixed combustion for all the cases. High-speed combustion video was taken using the same frame rate. Ignition was seen to occur on or near the bowl wall in the vicinity of the spray tip, with the ignition delay being noticeably longer for lower injection pressure and later injection timing. The majority of the flame was confined to the bowl region throughout the combustion event. A more homogeneous and weaker flame was observed for higher injection pressures and later injection timing. The combustion structure also proves the mixing enhancement effect of the liquid fuel impingement. The results show that ultra-low sooting combustion is feasible in an HSDI diesel engine with a higher injection pressure, a higher EGR rate, or later injection timing, with little penalty on power output. It was also found that injection timing has more influence on HCCI-like combustion using a single main injection than the other two factors studied. Compared with the base cases, simultaneous reductions of soot and NOx were obtained by increasing EGR rate and retarding injection timing. By increasing injection pressure, NOx emissions were increased due to leaner and faster combustion with better air-fuel mixing. However, smoke emissions were significantly reduced with increased injection pressure.     

酯类含氧燃料组分对柴油机燃烧与排放特性的影响研究

为了进一步研究生物柴油和碳酸二甲酯（DMC）在柴油中的调配比例对柴油机性能的影响,在体积比90％的柴油中分别掺混10％生物柴油、10％DMC及5％生物柴油与5％DMC的混合物,连同柴油组成B10,D10,B5D5和柴油4种燃料,考察了不同含氧燃料对柴油机燃烧过程、经济性和排放性的影响。结果表明,3种含氧燃料对柴油机缸内最高燃烧压力和压力升高率峰值影响不大,B10的放热峰值略有降低,而DMC的加入使B5D5和D10的放热峰值明显升高。DMC造成的着火延迟效应要比同比例生物柴油造成的着火提前效应更明显。B10和D10的当量燃油消耗率与柴油基本相当,但B5D5的当量燃油消耗率略有降低。发动机燃用B10时,除NOx在全负荷时升高7．9％外,CO,HC和炭烟排放相对有所降低;而混合燃料中DMC的引入虽不利于HC和CO的氧化,但可同时降低烟度和NOx排放。     

Influence of injection parameters on the transition from PCCI combustion to diffusion combustion in a small-bore HSDI diesel engine

In this paper, the influence of injection parameters on the transition from Premixed Charge Combustion Ignition (PCCI) combustion to conventional diesel combustion was investigated in an optically accessible High-Speed Direct-Injection (HSDI) diesel engine using multiple injection strategies. The heat release characteristics were analyzed using incylinder pressure for different operating conditions. The whole cycle combustion process was visualized with a high-speed video camera by simultaneously capturing the natural flame luminosity from both the bottom of the optical piston and the side window, showing the three dimensional combustion structure within the combustion chamber. Eight operating conditions were selected to address the influences of injection pressure, injection timing, and fuel quantity of the first injection on the development of second injection combustion. For some cases with early first injection timing and a small fuel quantity, no liquid fuel is found when luminous flame points appear, which shows that premixed combustion occurs for these cases. However, with the increase of first injection fuel quantity and retardation of the first injection timing, the combustion mode transitions from PCCI combustion to diffusion flame combustion, with liquid fuel being injected into the hot flame. The observed combustion phenomena are mainly determined by the ambient temperature and pressure at the start of the second injection event. The start-of-injection ambient conditions are greatly influenced by the first injection timing, fuel quantity, and injection pressure. Small fuel quantity and early injection timing of the first injection event and high injection pressure are preferable for low sooting combustion.     

柴油机预混合燃烧技术

介绍了近年来在柴油机上进行了一系列实现均质预混合燃烧技术的研究 ,包括预混稀薄狄塞尔燃烧系统 ,UNIBUS燃烧系统 ,均质充气压缩着火 (HCCI)燃烧系统 ,准均质预混合气充气压缩点燃 (QHCCI)燃烧系统 ,提出这些研究对于根本解决扩散燃烧的缺陷所具有的重要意义。     

DTBP对柴油机燃烧及排放影响的试验研究

根据二叔丁基过氧化物(DTBP)闪点低、燃烧速度快以及低温易分解等特点,将其与柴油混和燃烧,研究DTBP对柴油机燃烧及排放的影响。恒定发动机转速1400 r/min,在不同油门开度情况下改变混和燃料中DTBP的体积分数。研究表明,在试验工况下柴油混合体积分数为0.3%的DTBP时,柴油机的综合排放数据最优,在该混合比例下可以延长燃烧持续期,在扭矩基本不变的情况下使最大燃烧压力减小。柴油混合DTBP燃烧能够降低NOx,CO和HC排放,特别是在油门开度低于22%的情况下,HC及NOx排放值仅为燃用柴油时的25%~33%。