港口工程大直径管桩竖向承载力可靠性研究

大管桩在港口工程中应用广泛,目前对其承载力的研究还远远不够.由于影响大管桩承载力的因素很多,且多具有不确定性,文中结合港口工程预应力混凝土大直径管桩承载力经验公式,运用可靠度理论对大管桩竖向承载力加以研究,建立了桩基承载力极限状态方程,按JC法计算了可靠度指标.对某港口大管桩承载力进行可靠度计算,并对影响单桩承载力可靠...     

港口可持续性发展初探

介绍了港口可持续发展的概念,然后运用图形直观地表现了港口可持续发展的系统构成和影响因素,并进一步分析了港口可持续发展的意义。最后就我国港口的可持续发展提出了以下发展对策和建议:要加强港口法制建设、拓展港口发展的投资机制、建立港口可持续发展的竞争机制、制定扶持港口业的优惠政策以及推动科技进步等。     

浅谈港口的可持续发展

<正>1992年在里约热内卢举行的联合国环境与发展大会是一次重要会议,它阐述了“可持续发展”的概念,并制定了《21世纪议程》,作为实现可持续发展的基础。自那以后,各国港口界都在讨论、研究港口的可持续发展问题,并且认为只有走可持续发展的道路,港口才能综合解决经济发展、环保和社会进步等方面的问题,实现经济效益和社会效益的均衡发展。 国外专家给“可持续发展”下了各种定义,有人说“这种发展在满足当代人的需求的同时不影响后代人满足其需求的能力”,有人说它是“朝更好的方向进行持久的变革,同时保护好我们继承和遗传的地球。”提起可持续发展,人们就会想起环境保护。确实,环保是可持续发展概念的一个重要方面,而且是迫切需要人们引起重视、采取行动的方面。但可持续发展并不完全等于环保,它研究的是如何把经济、文化、社会的发展同环境保护结合起来,达到平衡,既不是为了保护环境而停下发展的脚步,也不能以牺牲环境为代价追求发展。 为了研究港口如何做到可持续发展,我们分别从经济、环境和文化三个方面来探讨港口的作用:     

软基处理技术在港口航道护岸工程中的应用研究

软基处理技术的进步,对于港口航道护岸工程的健康安全服役提供了技术支撑。本文在介绍港口航道护岸工程当前地基处理的问题开始介绍,然后分别从地质条件、地基承载力、施工环境和建设周期成本方向介绍了影响港口航道工程的影响因素,然后从垫层处理、水泥搅拌桩和土工格栅方面介绍了当前软基处理的主要方法,最后提出了当前软基处理面临的问题,相关研究对于软基处理技术的推广应用提供了最为基础的技术支持。     

港口代际划分影响因素

在第4代港口理论研究基础上，从港口代际划分衡量标准的角度出发，提出港口代际划分的影响因素，即港城关联度、市场竞争程度、活动范围、港口功能、管理水平、经营网络规模和可持续发展等，并结合青岛港进行实证分析，认为青岛港目前正处于第3代港口的完善阶段。     

我国水运业绿色发展和可持续发展的趋势及建议

为更好地协调经济建设与资源环境承载力消耗,国家对新时代水运行业的发展作出重要要求,基于对我国水运业发展历程的调研与政府相关发展战略及政策的分析,提出我国水运行业绿色发展和可持续发展的趋势包括环境与生态系统污染容量进一步改善、能源利用进一步加强、空间承载力进一步提高、人口资源配置进一步优化等4个方面。建议:国内外因素影响下水运环境生态保护力度将进一步加大,应深化相关体制改革并提升全球环境生态治理参与度;第四次工业革命将极大改变能源利用模式,应鼓励新能源和新技术在水运可持续发展方面的应用;产业转型升级、生态环境恶化及港城争地等问题或会加剧我国港口退出、搬迁及整合,应结合各相关要素加强国家港口总体布局和发展规划;信息技术爆炸式发展已深刻改变现代物流体系,进而影响人口资源在水运行业的就业配置,应加强相关发展趋势研判并预作准备。     

基于案例推理的港口工程建设风险评价研究

港口工程属于国家的交通基础设施,投资规模较大.港口建设技术专业性强、涉及面广,建设过程中受自然、社会、环境等条件的影响较大、不确定因素较多,港口项目的风险是投资方和建设者非常重视的问题.本研究结合工程实例,运用案例推理法构建评价指标体系和评价模型,分析研究港口工程建设的风险及其影响因素.     

港口通航环境对船舶航行安全的影响分析及评价

港口通航环境是发展航运所依托的重要资源之一。为了预防和减少海难事故的发生,降低港口船舶航行的危险程度,除了提高操船者的素质、船舶性能,还需要改善船舶通航环境。从水文气象因素、港口条件因素、航道条件因素、交通因素、水上水下施工作业5个方面对船舶通航安全的影响进行了分析,论述了港口通航环境安全评价的主要内容,提出了改善通航环境的治理对策。     

几内亚科纳克里港城可持续发展研究

文章通过研究科纳克里港城开发的信息及其环境数据,系统的分析港口及其腹地的开发对港城可持续发展产生的影响。结果表明:港口的升级对科纳克里的经济发展和社会进步有着重要的影响。但是,开发工作也带来了诸如海岸线的变迁、环境污染、预埋的风险因素等环境问题。该研究可为非洲其他沿海港城的发展提供一定借鉴意义。     

港口环境对船舶安全航行的影响及安全评价

从水文气象因素、港口条件因素、航道条件因素、交通因素、水上水下施工作业5个方面对船舶通航安全的影响进行了分析,论述了港口通航环境安全评价的主要内容,提出了改善通航环境的治理对策及评价方法。     

大连太平湾近岸海域环境承载力综合评价研究

海域水环境质量与承载力是生态环境保护与区域经济发展的重要前提条件。针对大连太平湾近岸海域,文章采用集对分析方法、人工神经网络方法和云理论方法,以研究海域32个站位的COD、无机氮、磷酸盐和石油类4个污染因子为承载力评价指标,重点分析太平湾近岸海域的水环境质量和承载力状况;并以不同时期实测资料,分析了太平湾港区工程建设与环境质量间的相互关系,以期为区域经济社会发展和生态环境保护提供基础支撑。     

港口大气环境承载力研究

以秦皇岛煤炭港口为例,筛选煤粉尘(TSP)作为典型大宗散货港口大气环境优先污染物,通过对港口区域现有重点煤尘污染源、烟尘污染源和工业粉尘污染源排放和治理状况以及大气污染物迁移扩散规律的研究,结合社会、经济和环境因素,以满足秦皇岛煤炭作业环境和周边地区大气环境功能区环境质量标准为约束条件,探求了港口大气污染物排放总量及环境承载力控制目标。     

Sustainable development in seaports: a multi-case study

Seaports are a vital part of the maritime transport industry and have a key role in integrated transport chains and regional economies. However, ports are also sites of environmental pollution originating from land-based activities, ship movements and ports’ own activities. It is, therefore, increasingly recognised that economic growth in ports must be balanced with environmental protection and social progress. This has led to enhanced appreciation of the need for sustainable development (SD) in ports. Whilst much has been written about port environmental practices in European and American ports, there is limited synthesis and comparison of sustainable port practices from different parts of the world. Furthermore, in-depth case analysis and critical examination of the practices and challenges of sustainable port development in a globalised era is limited. This paper presents findings from a qualitative multi-case study that aimed to compare sustainable policies and practices of ports in four different continents and to understand the dilemmas, challenges and opportunities they face in attaining SD. This paper reports findings pertaining to the following research questions: (1) What policy frameworks do ports adopt to attain sustainable development? (2) What specific sustainable practices do ports utilise to manage environmental aspects such as air pollution, water quality, ballast water, dredging and disposal of dredged materials, waste disposal, hazardous substances and land/resource use? (3) What are the driving and constraining forces in achieving sustainable development in ports? Port authorities were studied by reviewing documents and secondary data. The following ports were studied: Port of Long Beach (USA), Port of Rotterdam Authority (The Netherlands), Sydney Ports Corporation (Australia) and Transnet Limited that owns and manages South African ports. Findings of the study demonstrate that the SD paradigm has gained momentum, albeit to differing degrees, in the functioning, organisation and the very ethos of case study ports. An important theme from all case studies is that, whilst there is definite progress towards SD, several practices deemed to be sustainable can be controversial and must be critically examined from the perspectives of different stakeholders including shippers, port-related businesses and the local and global community. Lack of data to monitor environmental impacts, economic costs of implementing sustainable practices and complexities of international, regional and national regulations were other constraining factors. On the other hand, reconciling differences between stakeholders and capitalising on economic opportunities, operational efficiencies and cost savings offered by environmental friendliness can advance port SD. Public–private partnerships and policies negotiated by involving all stakeholders were found to foster port sustainability. Most importantly, this study found that, with globalisation, environmental impacts of ports are not always localised. ‘Sustainable’ practices can have unintended consequences in other parts of the world. Therefore, globalisation necessitates a more critical and global analysis of port operations and environment practices in order to be truly sustainable. Although the scope of the research findings is limited to case study ports, the lessons drawn can be constructively applied to any port operating within an institutional system of structured SD.     

Exploring the conditions for inclusive port development: the case of Indonesia

Governments around the world are adopting inclusive growth agendas. The ambition to align economic growth ambitions with broader-based social benefits is increasingly embraced by corporations to limit the ‘negative externalities’ and enhance the ‘positive externalities’ of their operations. Therefore, micro-level corporate strategies and macro-level national ambitions meet at the meso-level of networks and clusters. This requires societal spheres to collaborate and search for alternative governance constellations. In this discourse, port development is only recently receiving attention. In March 2018, ports around the world signed the World Ports Sustainability Program declaration, which aims to contribute to the sustainable development goals (SDGs), whilst a number of national port (master) plans have started to include social along with environmental standards. Extant studies on partnering and stakeholder inclusion in port development are proliferating but are primarily aimed at environmental rather than social (inclusion) issues. This paper adopts an exploratory research design to consider conditions for inclusive port development. A novel taxonomy considers port development as a driver for inclusive growth, where partnerships are the missing link between micro-level business strategies and macro-level effects in the port region and economy at large. This paper shows the first findings and delineates areas for further research.     

Throughput estimation based port development and management policies analysis

With the rapid growth of seaborne commodity trades, port development and management has become a challenging issue to the government, enterprise and academia. To alleviate pressures on spatial demand and the environment, sustainable development and scientific management of a port is of crucial importance for its investment, construction and operation. In this article, a research path based on throughput estimation is proposed. The container port of Tianjin could expect to face immense, increasing pressure in the future several years. To meet future increasing capacity requirement, constructing new waterway and berths in a bigger contiguous area or new locations becomes a crucial strategy. Moreover, the strategy of accommodating peak seasonal traffic means existing container terminals have to attain higher output by redesigning their high-precision schedule, reconfiguring terminal topology, improving worker efficiency and employing more modern container-handling facilities.     

长江航道承载力概念研究

以国家号召发展长江航道为背景,在生态航道建设的基础上,首次提出以满足生态效益需求为核心,兼顾经济社会发展、长江水资源综合利用等多种目标,实现长江航道建设可持续发展的长江航道承载力概念。借鉴资源承载力理论体系,运用系统理论、协同理论等理论对航道承载力系统的结构关系进行分析,并提出航道承载力的定义、内涵、特征及航道承载力发展机制。     

宁波港向“第四代港口”跨越式发展的战略思考

阐述了第四代港口的内涵.针对宁波港面临的机遇和挑战,分析了其向第四代港口跨越式发展的条件;并从集装箱运力、基础设施、服务功能、海陆一体化、经济腹地等5方面论述了其存在差距及努力方向.     

港口建设项目环境影响因素的确定及其危害的评价

阐述港口建设项目环境影响评价的意义,从港口水环境、港口大气环境和港口声环境3个方面分别确定港口项目影响因素,最后评价这些影响因素的危害性。所得结论可作为港口建设项目环境影响经济评价的基础。     

大连港吞吐量适度发展水平预测模型

本研究采用工程模糊集的理论方法,对大连港的能源消耗、环境污染代价及其对大连市经济建设的贡献进行综合评价,以港口吞吐量发展水平与城市环境可承载能力相适应为前提,建立港口吞吐量适度发展水平预测模型。本研究可为大连港的适度发展提供理论依据,并具有推广应用价值。     

海岛开发中填海工程的合理性研究

结合海岛地理特征,选取填海工程的位置、规模、平面形状和组合方式4个要素作为研究对象,从水动力环境、防灾减灾、海洋生态格局与承载力以及工程经济等方面,对工程建设的合理性进行分析,探讨海岛开发中填海工程合理规划与布局的具体方法,为我国海岛的可持续开发与利用提供借鉴参考。