桨舵组合式节能推进器设计及水动力性能验证

为减小螺旋桨尾流能量耗散,提高桨舵系统的推进效率,开展桨舵组合式推进器设计研究。首先,基于适伴流设计思想结合面元法编制最大阻力减额的扭曲舵设计程序,获得桨后舵不同展向位置的扭曲角度,并通过与一前端削平的舵球及桨毂光顺连接形成桨舵组合式推进器的设计方案。然后,采用数值仿真分析获得均匀流场中桨舵组合式推进器的水动力性能、压力分布与流场特性等细节,初步验证设计方案的合理性。最后,开展船后桨舵组合式推进器的水动力性能试验,获得不同航速下螺旋桨和舵的水动力性能。试验结果表明,桨舵组合式推进器较原型桨舵推进器的效率在全航速段均有一定程度的提升,在设计工况点提升值达2.7%,证明设计方法正确,设计方案合理可行。     

基于推力数值计算的喷水推进船快速性预报与验证

为实现对喷水推进船航速的快速、精准预报,基于ANSYS-CFX软件平台建立喷水推进器推力的计算流体力学(CFD)模型,采用分块六面体结构化网格离散计算域,采用稳态多参考系法求解雷诺时均的Navier-Stokes方程和SST湍流模型,对喷水推进器内的流场进行数值模拟.采用壁面积分法获取喷水推进器的等转速推力曲线,将其与船阻力曲线相叠加,通过求曲线的交点预报航速.选取可提供推进特性图谱的船A、带双级轴流式喷水推进器的船B和带混流式喷水推进器的船C为例,验证该方法的准确性.结果表明:船A配置的喷水推进器的推力计算值和航速预报值与厂商提供的数值吻合良好,船B和船C的航速预报结果均与实船试航值比较接近,最大偏差小于0.5 kn.结果验证了计算模型的可信性和适用性,进一步表明该方法可较好地指导喷水推进器厂商根据船舶所有人的需求便捷地选出合适型号的喷水推进器.     

对旋轴流式喷水推进器内部流动数值模拟与分析

在喷水推进器运行时,不考虑改变喷口直径以及转向装置,只有转速以及航速变化对喷水推进器内部流动产生影响.基于计算流体力学方法,以对旋轴流式喷水推进器为对象,并在进水流道底部加入计算所需流场控制体.使用SST湍流模型,对喷水推进器进行相同转速不同航速、相同航速不同转速下的全流道数值模拟,得到首级叶轮进口处、首次级叶轮轴向间隙、次级叶轮出口处和喷口处截面速度与压力分布,从而分析比较推进泵转速以及推进器航速对喷水推进器内部流场的影响.结果表明:航行速度对喷水推进器内部尤其是首级叶轮前后流动产生显著影响,流道内速度变化较大;首级叶轮进口处底部速度最大且对后续流动有影响;在航速不变时,速度分布基本相同,仅在数值上有所变化,单独改变转速并未对喷水推进器内部流动产生较大影响,增加转速使得推进器内部流动趋于稳定;流体流经次级叶轮后,速度与压力分布具有规律性,推进器航速及喷泵转速均不会对其产生较大影响.     

波浪动力艇模型自航试验及数值仿真

为解决受控主动摆翼驱动装置复杂、机械效率较低的问题,研究依靠升沉运动产生的力矩来驱动俯仰运动的被动摆翼装置,并将其应用于波浪动力艇.在波浪作用下,将被动摆翼安装于艇体底部的一定位置处,产生的推力即可推艇前进.在模型试验中,通过改变波浪周期、波高和控制机构的设置,比较试验艇的自由航行速度.结果表明,试验艇的航速与波高呈正相关关系,且当波长与船长之比约为1.8时推进效果最佳.通过数值仿真,显示两种控制机构配置时的水翼工作过程,并估算在一定波浪参数下波浪动力艇可达到的航速,所估算的航速与试验结果吻合较好.     

基于数值试验及实船试航的喷水推进器改型设计

采用基于雷诺时均法的SST湍流模型对"某轴流式喷水推进泵+进水流道+船体"系统进行数值计算,查找出了该喷水推进泵和进水流道设计存在的一些问题。依据该船体阻力、设计航速和主机功率等参数重新对该船喷水推进器进行选型,进而运用三元的方法对喷水推进泵进行设计,利用参数化设计的方法对流道进行设计。采用了数值试验的方法校核新设计的混流式喷水推进器流体动力性能,计算结果表明:新设计喷水推进泵和进水流道性能优异,并且能够较好地满足快速性指标。最后,对改进设计的喷水推进器进行了快速性预报和实船试航,试航结果表明新设计混流式喷水推进器推进航速超过设计航速9.4%,并且数值预报航速与试航结果误差为1.5%,这既验证了设计方法的有效性,也验证了所采用的数值模型的准确性。     

流场控制体对喷水推进器性能预报影响的研究

为准确预报喷水推进器设计工况与非设计工况的水动力性能,采用CFD方法对喷水推进器性能预报所需流场控制体进行了研究.在验证计算方法和数值模型可信的基础上,通过对比不同流场控制体的计算结果,分析了流场控制体对喷水推进器性能预报的影响.首先,确定了设计工况下流场控制体的大小;然后,对非设计工况下流场控制体的选取进行了分析讨论.结果表明,非设计工况下流场控制体的大小对喷水推进器性能预报的影响比设计工况大,而且非设计工况下所需流场控制体要大于设计工况时的情况.     

高速滑行艇静水中纵向运动尾流特性的数值分析

基于计算流体力学软件FINE/MARINE,利用其六自由度运动响应模块,开展了三维滑行艇模型在静水中航行纵向三自由度运动响应的实时数值预报.完成了航速v=2~15 m/s共计14种工况下滑行艇水动力特性、运动响应特性与航速之间的关系,与试验数据对比,二者吻合良好,并给出了对应的变化规律.定量分析了滑行艇尾压力兴波的凯尔文角、船尾空穴的长度和深度、流体与艇尾分离点与航速的关系.为滑行艇运动响应的实时数值预报和尾流场的分析提供了一种有效的方法.     

实尺度喷水推进船拖泵工况数值模拟与分析

对于四泵推进的喷水推进船,在巡航工况时中间加速泵通常处于锁轴状态,其拖曳阻力的大小对喷水推进器的选型以及船泵机的最优匹配有着重要影响。然而,拖泵阻力很难通过船模试验的方法获得。为此,该研究在验证均匀和非均匀条件喷水推进器数值模型的准确性基础上,采用数值试验的方法对18节航速下某双泵推进喷水推进船的实尺度"船体+两台喷水推进器"系统带自由液面的流场进行了数值模拟,计算此时喷泵拖曳阻力及其所占船体阻力的百分比。以此喷泵拖曳阻力作为参考,对尺寸与上述喷水推进泵相近的某四泵推进喷水推进船的喷泵进行了选型和设计,并对该船在18节航速下加速泵拖曳阻力的大小进行了计算,进一步验证选型时拖曳阻力取值的合理性。为消除尺度效应的影响采用实尺度模型对"船体+四台喷水推进器"系统带自由液面的非定常流场进行计算,并探索了大尺度条件下船泵系统考虑自由液面和重力影响的非定常计算方法。     

潜艇阻力与流场的数值模拟与验证及艇型的数值优化研究

采用求解RANS方程的数值计算方法,结合k-ε、RNGk-ε与k-ω三种湍流模型,预报了数值方法验证研究用美国DARPA潜艇模型SUBOFF与CSSRC潜艇模型SM-x的阻力与尾流场,并将计算结果与试验结果进行了对比和分析,验证了数值方法的可靠性.然后,利用数值计算手段,对6条潜艇模型的尾流场进行了比较分析,选出了一条桨盘面不均匀度系数最优的艇型,并对指挥台围壳与尾翼进行了加设弧形填角(填角与附体一体化)的设计,数值预报了填角对于尾流场的影响,从涡量角度探讨了填角处的流动机理,结果表明填角能够改善桨盘面的入流品质.对于"木"字型尾翼的尾流场也进行了数值模拟分析.数值优化手段的可行性得到了验证.     

考虑艉部线型的邮轮吊舱推进器设计优化

针对某中型邮轮吊舱推进器，基于参数化建模软件和计算流体动力学（CFD）软件，建立吊舱推进器自动优化流程。以吊舱推进器叶片控制线为控制变量，以服务航速为设计点，采用NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法对吊舱推进器进行设计优化分析。引入优化后的艉部线型产生的伴流，通过RANS方法对考虑伴流影响的推进器的水动力性能进行数值模拟，并对所得结果进行比较分析，得到最优的匹配方案。     

兴波及航态对螺旋桨激振力预报的影响

针对船舶航行时的船体兴波及航态变化,采用RANS方法、VOF方法及船体六自由度运动方程,建立了考虑船体兴波及航态变化时螺旋桨激振力的计算方法。叠模、考虑船体兴波及考虑航态变化时螺旋桨推力、船底板压力计算结果的对比表明:考虑兴波及航态变化时,由于流速变化,螺旋桨推力平均值减小,船底板压力平均值增大;由于来流不均匀程度的变化,1倍叶频处峰值减小;考虑兴波及航态变化时,计算得到的激振力更加接近真实情况,但由于激振力在频域中较为接近,为节约计算量,计算时可不考虑船体兴波及航态变化。     

舵桨相互作用下现代船舶绕流数值研究（英文）

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.     

粘流方法的螺旋桨尾流场数值分析(英文)

The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to numerically simulate a propeller wake flow field in open water.A sub-domain hybrid mesh method was adopted in this paper.The computation domain was separated into two sub-domains,in which tetrahedral elements were used in the inner domain to match the complicated geometry of the propeller,while hexahedral elements were used in the outer domain.The mesh was locally refined on the propeller surface and near the wake flow field,and a size function was used to control the growth rate of the grid.Sections at different axial location were used to study the spatial evolution of the propeller wake in the region ranging from the disc to one propeller diameter(D) downstream.The numerical results show that the axial velocity fluctuates along the wake flow;radial velocity,which is closely related to vortices,attenuates strongly.The trailing vortices interact with the tip vortex at the blades’ trailing edge and then separate.The strength of the vortex shrinks rapidly,and the radius decreases 20% at one diameter downstream.     

基于速度势迭代的面元法预报对转桨性能

采用基于诱导速度势迭代的面元法预报对转桨的定常水动力性能,在计算中,前桨和后桨的相互干扰通过影响系数实现;前桨尾涡面距后桨表面太近时的异变影响系数通过Lagrange插值求出。同时采用基于诱导速度迭代的面元法预报对转桨水动力性能,并与基于诱导速度势法进行对比,计算结果表明,采用诱导速度势迭代的方法计算的结果与试验值吻合良好。与基于诱导速度迭代的方法相比,计算结果精确,且可以节省计算时间。     

Comparative measurements on the flow structure of a marine propeller wake between an open free surface and closed surface flows

In order to investigate the effects of a free surface on the wake behind a rotating propeller, experiments were carried out in a circulating water channel for two cases: one with an open free surface and one with a closed free surface covered by a rigid plate. Four hundred instantaneous velocity fields were measured using a two-frame particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique at four different blade phases. These were ensemble-averaged to investigate the time-averaged flow structure in the near-wake region. For a surface ship, the flow behind the propeller is influenced by the hull wake and the free surface. The phase-averaged mean velocity fields show the potential wake and the viscous wake formed by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. The interaction between the bilge vortices and the incoming flow along the ship’s hull deforms the wake structure. Tip vortices are generated periodically, and the slipstream contraction occurs in the near-wake region. The free surface was found to affect the axial velocity component and vortex structure behind the propeller. As the flow goes downstream, the tip and trailing vortices dissipate due to turbulent diffusion and active mixing with adjacent vortices.     

船模伴流场修正对螺旋桨激振力预报的影响

介绍Hoekstra船模伴流修正方法、伴流模拟方法及螺旋桨激振力测量的试验过程。以第16届ITTC推荐的Sydney Express桨为研究对象，在上海船舶运输科学研究所空泡实验室用网格方法模拟船舶艉部流场，通过布置在桨模上方相应位置平板上的5个传感器进行了脉动压力测量。比较螺旋桨在船模伴流场和使用Hoekstra法换算得到的实船伴流场中工作时激振力的预报值及桨模空泡形态，并与实桨对比，就伴流场修正对螺旋桨激振力预报的影响作了探讨。     

RANS simulation of a container ship using a single-phase level-set method with overset grids and the prognosis for extension to a self-propulsion simulator

Steady flow simulations for the Korean Research Institute for Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) container ship (KCS) were performed for towing and self-propulsion. The main focus in the present article is on the evaluation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool for hull form design along with application of state-of-the-art technology in the flow simulations. Two Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation solvers were employed, namely CFDShip-Iowa version 4 and Flowpack version 2004e, for the towing and self-propulsion cases, respectively. The new features of CFDShip-Iowa version 4 include a single-phase level-set method to model the free surface and an overset gridding capability to increase resolution in the flow and wave fields. The new features of Flowpack version 2004e are related to a self-propulsion scheme in which the RANS solver is coupled with a propeller performance program based on the infinitely bladed propeller theory. The present work is based on a close interaction between IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering of the University of Iowa and Osaka Prefecture University. In the following article, overviews are given of the present numerical methods and results are presented and discussed for the KCS in towing and self-propulsion modes, including comparison with available experimental fluid dynamics (EFD) data. Additional evaluation is provided through discussion of the recent CFD Workshop Tokyo 2005, where both methods appeared to yield very promising results.     

导管剖面设计对导管螺旋桨水动力特性的影响

运用计算流体的方法对导管螺旋桨的叶梢漩涡、螺旋桨周围流场和推力特性进行计算,并且通过组合不同类型的导管对比分析了梢涡的改善方法和推力性能的优化方案.计算结果表明:调整导管螺旋桨中的导管迎角,并延长导管有助于改善导管螺旋桨梢涡的产生和改善桨毂后的尾流,有利于提高导管螺旋桨的稳定性;增大导管迎角并延长导管能够使桨叶上荷载和推力分布更加均匀;在进速系数J=0.4左右,导管螺旋桨性能更优,也更高效.本文结论有助于设计出性能优良的导管螺旋桨.     

基于CFD法的对转螺旋桨敞水性能参数匹配研究

摘要：采用雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（RANS)法对B型螺旋桨和对转螺旋桨周围的粘性流场进行数值处理,运用Pro/E和GAMBIT软件分别进行三维建模和网格划分,并采用ORIGIN和TECPLOT后处理软件对结果进行图像处理。分析研究湍流模型对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响,对对转桨进行数值计算验证,同时对其敞水性能参数的匹配问题进行探讨,分析其尾流和速度场的变化情况。结果表明：SST 模型为较佳的湍流模型;对转桨在适当的桨距比和直径比的情况下,后桨可充分吸收前桨的尾涡能量,其推进效率明显提高。     

数值水池船模自航试验方法研究

同时考虑自由液面、真实螺旋桨的旋转运动,在数值水池实现了船/桨整体流场的数值计算。在既定航速下,推力与船体阻力为螺旋桨转速的函数,通过变化转速得到自航点。文中数值计算得到的自航点与物理水池试验自航点吻合良好。根据数值自航试验结果,不仅可通过积分的方法计算伴流分数与推力减额分数,还可详细分析螺旋桨进流与桨叶的速度、压力分...