关爱海员心理健康

影响海员心理健康的因素 海员是一个较为特殊的职业群体,其工作条件和环境与陆地相比有很大差别.海员长期处于单调、重复、机械的工作和生活环境,加上业余生活枯燥单调,顾及不了家庭中的儿女情长等诸多原因,使海员需要承受比其他普通职业更多的心理压力.有调研机构曾采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对335名随机抽取的现职海员进行了心理问卷调查,海员的SCL-90总分及各因子分明显高于全国正常值,主要的心理问题为强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁和偏执,个别海员还存在较为严重的性心理健康问题.     

新冠肺炎疫情对海员心理健康状况的影响分析

新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,海员心理健康问题频发。通过症状自评量表(SCL-90)对比分析2018年4月和2020年7月问卷调查获取的两组数据,定量说明新冠肺炎疫情对海员心理健康各项指标的具体影响。研究发现,新冠肺炎疫情期间海员的心理健康水平确实发生了负面变化,尤其在"抑郁""人际关系敏感"和"强迫症状"等方面的变化更为显著。     

潜艇艇员出海训练对心理卫生影响的调查（论著）

目的：了解潜艇艇员在出海训练中可能出现的心理问题及其对心理健康水平的影响。方法：利用症状自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）、抑郁自评量表（ＳＤＳ）和焦虑自评量表（ＳＡＳ）对１１１名潜艇艇员在出海训练前后进行测量调查，并与４０名未出海训练潜艇艇员作对照。结果：潜艇艇员出海训练前后的心理健康水平有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１），与对照组比较，潜艇艇员出海训练后的心理健康水平明显下降（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）     

全封闭舰艇人员心理社会多因素研究（论著）

目的：探讨全封闭舰艇人员心理健康水平，以及与舰员的气质类型和心理应激的相关性。方法：采用症状自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）、艾森克个性问卷（ＥＰＱ）、心理应激调查表（ＰＳＳＧ）３种问卷，对２２５名全封闭舰艇人员作了心理测试。结果：全封闭舰艇人员的心理健康水平比中国常模差（Ｐ〈０．００１）；不同报质类型的舰艇人员与ＳＣＬ－９０各因子比较，方差检验均有高度显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．００１）。在心理健康水平与心理应     

潜艇艇员出海训练的心理卫生变化与个性特征的相关研究

目的：了解潜艇艇员出海训练的心理卫生变化与个性特征的关系。方法：用 苏达多相个性测查表（ＭＭＰＩ）、卡特尔十种人格因素量表（１６ＰＦ）、症太自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）、抑郁自评量表（ＳＤＳ）、和焦虑自评量表（ＳＡＳ）对１１１产艇艇员在出海训练前进行测量调查，出海训练后重复测量ＳＣＬ－９０、ＳＤＳ、ＳＡＳ，以每个艇员训练前、后ＳＣＬ－９０总分差值的均数为界限，将１１１名艇员分为心理卫生水平高变化组和低     

航海院校水岸两类专业学生心理健康比较分析

为了解航海院校水上专业与岸上专业学生的心理健康状况,对我校不同专业的学生应用SCL-90量表进行问卷调查,经统计、分析和比较水上专业、岸上专业的心理健康状况,得出:1)我校学生的心理健康水平高于全国青年常模;2)水上专业学生在强迫、抑郁、焦虑方面问题较严重,与学生生源有关;3)新老生之间的心理健康状况有差异,与其较多参加体育运动有直接联系。     

关于改善我国海员职业安全卫生状况的探讨

重视和改善我国海员职业安全卫生状况，符合我国海员利益和国家利益，其改善应综合考虑“人－机－环境－管理”系统。本文由财产损失和人身伤害统计规律、人体生理节律和失效浴盘曲线，阐明遵守船上安全作业方法和控制疲劳对保障海员职业安全卫生的重要性。     

海员注意力研究

采用数字排列试验方法对348名海员的注意力进行测试，结果表明：(1)海员的注意力较好；(2)不同年龄、工龄和海龄组海员的注意力有显著差异；(3)不同职务、来源、文化程度的海员注意力有显著差异；(4)不同工种、婚，姻状况海员的注意力没有显著差异。     

孙中山与海员

中国伟大的民主主义革命先行者孙中山先生,在数十年民主革命生涯中,与海员结成了极深的革命情谊。先生在海员中宣传三民主义,启发海员走革命的道路,鼓舞海员团结起来,推翻满清皇朝;先生赞助海员组织社团,支持海员工人运动。而中国海员作为最早的一支工人阶级队伍,在孙中山资产阶级民主革命的年代,大多数受雇在外国资本家轮船上,干着水手、生火、侍应生等下级船员工作,深受资本主义、帝国主义、封建主义的奴役、压迫和剥削。同时,海员们随船航行于五洲四海,到过资本主义国家,看到资本主义国家工人阶级组织起来的诸多好处。因此,中国海员比较早的接受孙中山的资产阶级民主革命思想,开始觉醒,对孙中山领导的革命运动,给予了多方面的有力支持。一孙中山先生早年习医,从医,抱有“行医济世”的思想。后来,目睹满清政府统治下的中华大地,外受帝国主义的疯狂侵略,内有封建皇朝腐败无能,深感     

60天水下航行对海员体能的影响

目的 探讨６０ｄ水下航行对海员体能的影响。方法 对２２名海员采用踏阶功量计算法，航行前与航行后运动量相同，测定踏阶功率并计算ＰＷＣ１７０，Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ／ｋｇ等指标，根据ＧＪＢ１３３７－９２进行分能评价。结果 航行后ＰＷＣ１７０、Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ／ｋｇ较航行前分别下降１６．０７％和１１．１１％（Ｐ〈０．０１）；下降幅度〉２５％者占２２．７％，航行后海员的体能优秀，良好等级者减少而较差、差等级者增加。结论     

The subjective measurement of seafarers’ fatigue levels and mental symptoms

Human error is the most important factor causing many ship accidents in maritime industry despite advanced technology and international regulations. Fatigue in seafarers is a well-known problem and a serious cause of ship accidents. There are many factors unique to the marine environment raising the potential for fatigue at sea. Due to the difficulties in measuring human fatigue and also in suggesting fatigue to be a root cause of accident, it is important to devise methods to detect and quantify the fatigue and mental symptoms. In this study, ‘Piper Fatigue Scale’ (PFS) has been used for measuring fatigue level and ‘Symptom Checklist 90- Revised’ (SCL-90-R) for detecting the severity of mental symptoms. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. According to the results of PFS analysis, a slight degree of fatigue is detected in all sub-dimensions of the scale. According to the results of SCL-90-R analysis, the distress of mental symptoms perceived by seafarers is not generally highly detected. In conclusion, the purpose of this study is to determine, by using subjective measurements, the fatigue level and mental symptoms among seafarers caused by working conditions on-board.     

Finding a balance: companies, seafarers and family life

Separation from partner and family has been found to be one of the most significant causes of stress for seafarers, with separation from the family one of the most important 'stress' factors influencing a decision to reduce planned sea service. Drawing on in-depth interviews with seafarers' partners in the UK, China and India, this paper focuses on the impact of seafaring on family life, with particular attention given to the effects of differing conditions of service and the range of company support available to seafarers and their partners. The paper concludes that the negative consequences of seafaring can be minimized by such policies as shorter trips, continuous employment (rather than employment by voyage) and opportunities for partners and families to sail. Whilst these measures may have financial costs, these can be off-set by improved retention of seafarers and the avoidance of stress-related illnesses. Indeed, at a time when there is a projected shortfall of well-trained seafarers, such steps may be sound company policy     

实现海员HOLAS 推进航运业可持续发展

海员是航运业中最重要的要素之一。高素质的、数量充足的海员队伍是航运业可持续发展的关键。目前，海员队伍，尤其是高级海员队伍，存在着数量不足、素质不高、对职业满意度低等诸多问题。本文在分析海员队伍现状的基础上，提出了“海员海上幸福生活”（海员HOLAS-Happiness of Life at Sea）的概念和实现海员HOLAS的具体措施，壮大海员队伍，提高海员素质，促进航运业可持续发展。     

海员心理健康教育操作系统的构建

从我国海运企业的实际情况出发，提出了着眼于普及和发展模式的海员心理健康教育目标体系和教育内容，初步构建了海员心理健康教育操作系统的基本模式。     

《海商法》修改中关于船员外派的若干法律问题

随着社会的发展,中国《海商法》中某些方面的缺失和滞后严重影响着立法目的实现,特别是关于船员外派方面,直接导致了对船员的保护不足和法律适用上的困难。结合船员劳务外派工作实务中的一些常见问题,从修改完善《海商法》的角度来进行分析和论证,提出在《海商法》中设立专章或单独设立《船员法》来对船员外派的性质、外派企业的法律地位、船员的特殊保护等方面进行明确规定,以为船员的法律救济提供依据。     

海员心理健康的研究

本文对海员心理健康研究方法、海员心理健康现状及其影响因素、海员心理卫生保障等方面进行了回顾与展望，提出了保障海员心理卫生的相关建议，为海员心理健康的深入研究提供借鉴。     

Transformations and continuities of issues related to Chinese participation in the global seafarers’ labour market

Since the 1990s, Chinese seafarers have become a force to be reckoned with in the global seafarer labour market, particularly against the backdrop of the manning crisis. Compared with other groups of seafarers dominating the market such as the Filipinos and the Indians, they are commonly associated with perceptions of low cost, poor English skills, different safety/work culture, problems with the International Transport Workers’ Federation, etc. This article identifies transformations and continuities of problems related to Chinese seafarers in the global market in the last two decades or so by reviewing relevant Lloyd’s List reports as well as official documents and previous research. The review shows that Chinese authorities have been taking various initiatives to take advantage of the manning crisis and to expand and promote seafarer education, supply and export, which in general serve to make seafarers better educated and improve their communication skills. Although such initiatives have helped increase seafaring labour export, the success is nevertheless limited by tight government control on recruitment, which makes some foreign managers reluctant to employ Chinese seafarers.     

国际船员劳务市场及中国船员劳务外派

通过对国际船员劳务市场、船员资源结构、船员工资标准、船员合同期限等要素的分析,可以看出开发中国远洋船员劳务外派产业的机遇与挑战并存。呼吁中国政府和从业机构及时把握机遇,减少制约船员劳务外派产业发展的政策瓶颈,进一步加大船员外派的开放力度,加大国有企业的改革力度,引入更多的境外船东和船舶管理公司,提高中国船员劳务外派在国际市场中的比重。     

Burnout in seafarers: its antecedents and effects on incidents at sea

Seafarer health and well-being has long been a concern in the shipping industry because of the unique characteristics of working at sea. This paper aims to identify the role of burnout in seafarer health and well-being and its effect on safety. In particular, we differentiated seafarer burnout into personal and work-related burnout to reflect the ambiguous distinction between rest and work in seafarers’ job environment. We also investigate the effectiveness of emotion regulation for seafarers to reduce burnout. This study proposes a conceptual framework to identify the causal relationship between occupational stress, sleepiness, emotion regulation, burnout, and incidents at sea. To verify the proposed framework, scales were adapted from established scales in the literature; a cross-sectional survey was also conducted to collect empirical data for analysis with path and simultaneous equation models. The analysis results revealed that personal and work-related burnout in seafarers are mutually affected; however, only work-related burnout exerts a direct effect on incidents. Reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy in seafarers to reduce personal burnout, but not work-related burnout. Occupational stress and sleepiness exert positive effects on both personal and work-related burnout; yet, their effect on incidents is mediated by work-related burnout.