船舶废气锅炉蒸发量的计算与分析

介绍了船舶废气锅炉蒸发量计算的原理及常用计算方法 ,分析了影响废气锅炉蒸发量的因素及各参数之间的关系,尤其是推导出废气锅炉排气出口温度与废气锅炉换热面积及对数平均温差的关系式,为船舶蒸汽废气锅炉的选型计算提供有力的理论依据。通过对2 500 TEU项目废气锅炉蒸发量的计算与分析,得出了最优化的废气锅炉蒸发量设计方案,在保证锅炉布置及建造成本合理性的同时,使废气锅炉蒸发量最大化。     

现代远洋船舶废气锅炉烟垢着火的必然性及预防措施

废气锅炉着火是由于积存烟灰所致。造成烟灰积存的原因是设计、结构、主机低速运转和管理中存在的问题。为了防止和预防该类事故,文中针对锅炉的积灰和着火问题,系统分析了积灰和着火原因,指出燃油燃烧不充分,采用大受热面、扩展管表面和降低废气流速等"超扩展"设计方法,以及管理上的失误是引起事故的主要原因。并根据其实际情况提出若干合理化建议。     

预防废气锅炉烟灰积存要从源头做起

此文分析废气锅炉容易产生烟灰积存的原因和危害，针对船用锅炉的现状，提出了一些防范措施，特别经调在新船设计阶段应协调好各系统间的利弊关系。     

船舶废气锅炉烧塌机理分析——兼谈船舶废气锅炉管理注意事项

分析了船舶废气锅炉积存灰渣的因素以及防止或减少积灰的措施;针对船用废气锅炉的特定工作性质,着重对工作中的废气锅炉形成灰渣的原因、发生烧塌事故的机理进行了分析,并从管理方面提出了一些防范的注意事项。     

船舶废所锅炉烧渴机理分析——兼谈船舶废气锅炉管理注意事项

分析了船舶废气锅炉积存灰渣的因素以及防止或减少积灰的措施;针对船用废气锅炉的特定工作性质,着重对工作中的废气锅炉形成灰渣的原因、发生烧塌事故的机理进行了分析,并从管理方面提出了一些防范的注意事项.     

阶梯形船用燃油废气组合锅炉的研制

阶梯形船用燃油废气组合锅炉,通过将燃油部分最高受热面高出废气部分最高受热面的左右型布置方法,使废气部分受热面积按要求予以压缩,不但使整个锅炉的高度与直径严格控制在机舱空间限制的范围内,而且减轻了锅炉重量,降低了柴油机主机排气流经锅炉时的阻力损失,同时避免了锅炉废气部分换热管因干烧可能产生的损坏现象,延长了锅炉的使用寿命,降低了锅炉的制造成本。     

螺纹烟管的制造和验收

螺纹烟管在船用废气锅炉、燃油废气组合锅炉、卧式燃油锅炉等锅壳式锅炉上作为对流受热面得到了广泛的应用.螺纹烟管比较常用的是单头式螺纹烟管.单头式螺纹烟管是采用碾压的方法制造出来的,碾压的结果使管外形成螺旋式凹槽,管内形成螺旋式凸起,这样对于单相流体来说,管内外表面的换热系数均可得到很大程度的提高,增加了锅炉的受热面积,提高了锅炉的热效率.     

船用柴油机废气锅炉着火分析与预防

分析了船用柴油机废气锅炉着火的原因，从设计、燃油的处理、操作等方面提出了对废气锅炉着火进行预防的措施。     

船用柴油机废气涡轮发电机经济性分析

分析船用柴油机废气涡轮发电机系统中废气锅炉和汽轮机的工作原理;对比船舶在配备废气涡轮发电机系统前后的运营成本,指出采用废气涡轮发电机系统可以使船舶在长期运营中获得更高的经济效益。     

大型船用锅炉海上整体吊装

本文以“寿安海”号散货船废气锅炉的吊装作业为例，对制定大型船用锅炉的海上整体吊装工艺应考虑的几个重要因素进行了分析．     

全自动螺旋水泥包装机

指出了现有水泥包装机的缺点,并开发设计了一种全自动螺旋水泥包装机;介绍了其结构、原理、技术参数、特点及应用效果.该包装机特别适用于水泥、粉煤灰、滑石粉等松散粉料的计量称重与包装.     

河床变形计算方法的若干改进

根据泥沙交换原理 ,对河床变形计算方法进行了若干改进。改进的内容包括 :冲刷条件下悬移质扩散方程的修正 ;非均匀沙水流挟沙能力的确定 ;推移质有效输沙率的确定以及时间和空间计算步长的确定原则等。     

真空预压技术在碱渣处理工程中的应用

为了解决土地资源紧张和碱渣存放问题,采用了真空预压法对碱渣地基进行加固。实际工程结果表明,用真空预压法能对碱渣进行有效的加固,加固后的碱渣地基承载力达到100 kPa以上,可作为一般地基土来使用。     

大平岛围垦工程对航道、码头影响研究

基于工程海域条件分析,建立了平面二维潮流泥沙数学模型。在实测资料验证良好的基础上,对大平岛围垦工程前、后的潮流、悬沙场等进行了模拟,就工程对围区附近航道、码头的影响进行了分析研究。研究表明,本工程的实施对周边海域没有大范围的根本性影响,其影响主要集中在西侧水道的局部水域,会使处于围区西侧水道的燕山热电厂煤码头及其航道等产生淤积,建议定期疏浚或采取其它工程措施。     

Relationships between near-bottom dissolved oxygen and sediment profile camera measures

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and other environmental authorities regulate concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) as a measure of nutrient-related eutrophication in estuarine and coastal waters. However, in situ DO concentrations are extremely variable, and their characterization requires an extensive sampling program to provide data over meaningful scales of time and space. In contrast, benthic faunal communities integrate the impacts of low DO over time, and can be rapidly assessed using benthic imaging. The goal of this study was to quantify the relationships between near-bottom dissolved oxygen and measures derived from benthic imaging with a sediment profile camera. We monitored three stations in Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, USA) for DO and other water quality parameters 15–20 cm above the sediment surface on 15-minute intervals between July and November 2002, and regularly sampled these stations with a sediment profile camera throughout this time period. These soft-sediment stations encompassed several DO environments. We tested for relationships between near-bottom DO and several camera measures, including Nilsson and Rosenberg's Benthic Habitat Quality (BHQ) index, the apparent Redox Potential Discontinuity (aRPD) depth, and various faunal features that can be identified in sediment profile images. Camera measures were examined against a variety of methods of characterizing DO (including mean DO, and the percent of time under various DO thresholds), over a span of time scales from 1 day to 49 days. The best relationship (highest r²) between near-bottom DO and BHQ was found when DO was evaluated as the percent of time under a hypoxic threshold of 2.6 mg l^− 1 over a 28-day time scale (by examining DO records over the 28 days preceding each camera deployment). We found that, over several benthic settings, the BHQ index was successful at identifying environments that had experienced relatively high or low DO over the preceding four weeks. Our sediment profile data showed more variability with DO in the intermediate values of BHQ. We conclude that sediment profile camera measures correlate to DO in areas where low DO is the primary stressor, integrate DO over ecologically relevant time scales, and enable sampling over spatial scales that are meaningful for mapping by virtue of rapid deployment and analysis. We submit that sediment profile camera imagery is a useful assessment and mapping tool for environmental managers interested in benthic condition and in first-order quantitative estimates of near-bottom DO regimes in areas where low DO is the primary benthic stressor.     

分段施工PC梁桥线形的分形预测方法

充分考虑到分段施工PC梁桥施工阶段线形变化的非线形,复杂性和随机性,提出一种基于分形理论的节段线形预测方法。采用滚动选取预测样本降低原始误差累计的方法,建立了节段施工线形预测理论模型。将此模型应用于黄河大桥悬臂施工线形预测控制中,按节段施工周期依次预测下一节段的线形指标,结果证实了分段施工PC梁桥线形变化的分形特征,与实测和理论值相比,预测值具有较高的工程精度。     

Comparison of sediment profile image data with profiles of oxygen and Eh from sediment cores

A study of oil and gas development in the Gulf of Mexico provided a unique opportunity to compare data from sediment profile images (SPI) with that of sediment cores collected at locations in the central Gulf of Mexico from 1034 to 1175 m. Variables measured from SPI included sediment grain-size, sediment texture, apparent depth of oxygen penetration (aDOP) into the sediments, and parameters related to biogenic activity (tubes, burrows, feeding pits or mounds, and subsurface feeding voids). Variables measured from the sediment cores included sedimentation rate, dissolved oxygen profiles, and redox potential (Eh). There was a high degree of concordance between the two data sets based on correlation analysis. For example, the correlation between aDOP and maximum penetration of oxygen into the sediment was 0.69. For deep-sea sediment, SPI provides a means by which general geochemical conditions of near surface sediment can be remotely assessed providing a quick method for mapping surficial geochemistry over large areas.     

秦皇岛海域水文泥沙特征分析

基于现场实测水文泥沙资料和水深测图资料,对秦皇岛海域的水文泥沙特征进行了分析。分析结果表明:研究海区靠近半日潮无潮点,潮差小,潮流动力较弱,水体含沙量低,泥沙来源有限,泥沙运动不活跃,岸滩整体保持稳定。秦皇岛海域水文泥沙环境较好,为海岸带开发利用提供了良好的条件。研究成果可作为本海域海岸开发利用的基础资料和依据。     

连云港海域粉沙质和淤泥质海岸泥沙运动数值模拟研究

连云港埒子口—灌河口海域为淤泥质向粉沙质海岸的过渡带,水沙运动复杂。在考虑淤泥质和粉沙质泥沙特性的基础上,构建泥沙数学模型,可以在一个模型内同时模拟两种不同性质泥沙运动,验证结果令人满意;同时,利用所建立的泥沙数学模型还可以计算悬沙的沉速场,据此分析埒子口—灌河口过渡带的泥沙运动特征和影响因素。     

粉煤灰在大体积混凝土中作用机理研究

针对粉煤灰混凝土在标准养护条件和变温养护条件下强度发展进行研究。发现标准养护条件下粉煤灰混凝土早期强度发展缓慢,而变温养护条件强度迅速增长;对比研究粉煤灰对水化热和绝热温升影响,发现粉煤灰可显著降低水化热和绝热温升;在绝热温升试验中发现粉煤灰水化放热峰,而水化热试验中未见粉煤灰放热峰。