畸形波作用下半潜平台运动响应研究（英文）

海洋结构物的水动力性能研究对于安全、经济的工程设计至关重要。近年来,由海浪巨大波浪引起的事故越来越多地见诸报道,因此,有必要深入研究波浪尤其是畸形波对结构物产生的载荷及运动响应。海上浮式平台的运动响应与系泊载荷密切相关,而文中的出发点正是研究在何种波浪条件下会引起平台的最大运动响应。通过对一座设计作业水深为500 m的半潜式平台进行频域计算,获得了平台在自由漂浮状态下的响应函数(RAO),并与实验数据进行了比较。通过时域模拟,获得了新年波和"三姐妹"波作用下的平台运动响应,研究了畸形波的存在对于平台运动的影响。此外,还研究了畸形波中最大波峰值及连续大波的出现间隔对平台垂荡和纵摇运动的影响,可为后续研究和工程设计提供参考。     

Numerical Study on Generation and Evolution of Freak Waves

使用改进的VOF方法建立2维数值水槽模拟3组实测畸形波和4组非指定畸形波,并分析了畸形波的特征和演化规律.研究结果显示,畸形波并非独立的异常波浪现象,而是与连续大波(大波群)和深谷相伴发生.极端大波和深谷的联合影响对船舶和海洋工程结构的潜在威胁可能远远大于"瞬态"的畸形波,应该引起高度的重视.     

不同锚泊方式下浮式防波堤砰击载荷及其运动响应研究

海上结构物在服役期间会遭受各种恶劣海况,浮式防波堤作为平台等结构物的掩体在波浪作用下产生上下浮动或者前后摆动,通过波浪的反射和耗散,扰乱水质点运动,最终实现消波减能,保护结构物的安全。在防浪消波的过程中,浮式防波堤受到显著的波浪砰击,其自身安全受到威胁,因此,准确预报其砰击载荷至关重要。本文运用CFD方法,基于STAR-CCM+软件,分别以锚链锚泊式浮式防波堤和垂直导桩锚泊式浮式防波堤作为研究对象,分析规则波作用下,浮式防波堤的砰击载荷及其运动响应,并进行对比分析。结果表明,2种锚泊方式下,浮式防波堤所受到的砰击载荷主要集中在迎浪面,均随波高的增大而增大,随周期的增大而减小,相同工况下,锚链锚泊式浮式防波堤所受砰击载荷较大。     

半潜式钻井平台波浪散射力与运动响应分析

文章对半潜式钻井平台(Semi-Submersible)在波浪作用下的散射波浪力和运动响应进行了分析研究,研究中采用了基于波浪辐射、绕射理论的三维有限水深格林函数方法.为了保证这种大型复杂海工结构物计算结果的高精度,研究中对于边界积分方程的离散求解采用了考虑几何对称性的高阶边界元算法.通过对计算结果的比较分析,对这种型式的钻井平台的波浪力和运动响应有了一个全面的认识,对结构设计有很好的参考价值.     

二维驳船结构在规则波作用下的高频共振响应研究

基于势流理论建立二维完全非线性数值波浪水槽模型,利用该模型对二维驳船结构在非线性规则波作用下的高频共振响应进行了研究.采用高阶边界元方法解决边界值问题,应用混合欧拉-拉格朗日方法和四阶龙格库塔法模拟结构物与波浪的相互作用,引入虚拟函数法耦合求解波浪载荷与物体运动.计算了浮动驳船结构在规则波作用下的运动,并将数值结果与实验值进行了对比验证.当入射波浪的3倍频等于物体横摇方向固有频率时,物体横摇运动发生的高频共振现象,并分析了其影响因素.基于完全非线性数值波浪水槽模型探究了高频共振响应现象的发生机理,为今后海洋工程结构物的高频共振响应问题做有益探索.     

离岸深水港轻型码头在波浪作用下动力响应研究

对离岸深水港轻型码头在强浪作用下的动力响应进行研究,依据JTJ 213—1998《海港水文规范》的环境条件和环境荷载规范,在考虑桩-土耦合效应下对海洋极端波况下离岸深水港轻型码头结构的动力响应进行了数值模拟;并对比了不同阻抗处理下桩柱响应与采取基岩面固结简化下的不同。研究结果表明,桩土耦合作用对于波浪尤其是不规则波作用下的桩柱响应有很大影响,考虑耦合作用时结构运动响应为岩面固结简化下的45%~65%,在不规则波作用下码头结构响应峰值远高于规则波下峰值结果,尤其不规则波的高频成分更能激发结构物的动力响应。建议在深水轻型码头结构物设计中采取更接近实际的基于两相饱和介质理论的桩基阻抗;在不规则波作用下尤其当频率较高时,不规则波中高频成分与轻型码头的固有频率接近易引起较大动力响应,在工程设计中需引起注意。     

岛礁波浪环境下浮式结构物的动响应预报

中国南海海洋岛礁往往都环绕着宽度数百到数千米、水深很浅的珊瑚礁盘,这些礁盘不仅具有丰富的渔业和旅游资源,而且发挥着消波、护岛的重要作用。为开发海洋资源,可以在岛礁附近布设各种浮体结构物,作为海洋开发、渔业生产、环境旅游等综合保障基地。对于岛礁附近的浮式结构物,其动响应特征必将受到周围复杂的近岛礁海洋环境的影响。文章采用缓坡方程考虑近岛礁波浪环境影响,以半潜式平台为研究对象,开创性地提出了一种工程简化计算方法,用于预报岛礁附近浮式结构物在波浪中的运动与载荷响应,为后续岛礁中型浮体的设计和安全性评估提供了分析手段。     

环境载荷对自升式钻井平台动力响应的影响

为了研究海流载荷、波浪载荷、风载和浮力等环境载荷对自升式钻井平台力学响应的影响,进行了某平台在自存工况和作业工况下的数值分析。分别采用等效梁单元、梁单元、线性弹簧单元和线弹性基础模型来模拟船体、桩腿、船体-桩腿和桩靴-土壤。应用Stokes fifth-order波浪理论模拟水质点的运动规律,得到平台的响应特性。考察了各种环境载荷对平台数值计算结果的影响。结果表明:在自升式平台建模过程中,须要考虑浮力的作用,还应特别关注风载的影响,其次是海流载荷,最后是波浪载荷。     

立柱附体对半潜式平台水动力性能的影响

增加立柱附体是改善半潜式平台性能的常用措施之一。文章为研究立柱纵向增加附体以及改变附体形状对半潜式平台水动力性能的影响,通过数值计算和模型试验,分析了立柱附体对平台运动固有周期和阻尼、平均波浪力、运动RAO以及不规则波作用下运动响应等的影响规律。结果表明:纵向立柱附体可以减小平台纵向平均波浪力以及平台的纵摇运动RAO,可显著改善平台在极端海况下的垂向运动响应;立柱附体的截面形状变化则几乎没有影响。     

新型浮式平台波浪载荷计算方法研究与应用

为合理评估浮式平台的波浪载荷,着重总结归纳几种常用的波浪载荷计算方法的特点和适用情况,并将其应用于某新型浮式平台的结构型式设计研究中.结果表明:基于最大波法、长期预报和短期预报得到的设计波参数相差较大.若要合理评估浮式平台的波浪载荷,需综合运用多种计算方法,避免采用单一方法造成安全裕度不足.该研究可供海洋结构物型式设计...     

Numerical modelling of hydrodynamic responses of Ocean Farm 1 in waves and current and validation against model test measurements

With the continuous growing of the aquaculture industry and increasingly limited fish farming sites at close to shore areas both in Norway and worldwide, there is a need to develop fish farms suitable for aquaculture production in typical offshore environments. For this purpose, SALMAR has developed and deployed the Ocean Farm 1 facility for offshore fish farming.The main purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable numerical model and investigate the motion responses of the Ocean Farm 1 structure in waves and current. The established numerical model consists of the Ocean Farm 1's frame structure (with rigidly-connected circular column components), the net and the mooring system. The hydrodynamic external loads and coefficients of the frame structure are obtained by using potential flow theory. The quadratic drag load on the individual circular columns of the frame structure is formulated by a given drag coefficient. The loads on the net are formulated by using the screen model, where the Reynold number dependent lift and drag forces are formulated as a function of the solidity ratio Sn of the net, relative inflow angle and velocity. The hydrodynamic loads on the mooring lines are formulated using the Morison's equation and the structural responses of the mooring lines are obtained using a nonlinear FE model.With the developed numerical model, time domain simulations are performed. The simulation results are firstly validated against measured data from the decay tests, current tests, and regular wave tests. After the validation, numerical simulations are performed in different irregular wave and current combined weather conditions and the obtained motion response of Ocean Farm 1 are discussed and compared with available measurement data.     

Simplified analysis for estimation of the behavior of a submerged floating tunnel in waves and experimental verification

To achieve rational design in waves for a submerged floating tunnel which has emerged as a new offshore transportation infrastructure, it's necessary to understand its hydrodynamic behavior. For simple but accurate estimation of hydrodynamic forces, a theoretical method is proposed and the tests with physical models in a wave flume were carried out for verification. Morison's equation was used to estimate wave loads composed of inertia force and drag force. Forces calculated by applying the linear wave theory to Morison's equation coincided well with those measured by the tests. The test results showed that mooring systems played a significant role in the movement of the submerged floating tunnel in waves. A pendulum model could be used to describe the motion of the submerged floating tunnel with a single vertical mooring. Based on the verified relations, a simple slack condition which causes the submerged floating tunnel to be unstable was also proposed. The simplified approach proposed by this study proved to be useful in designing the submerged floating tunnel in the initial stage.     

深海系泊浮体物面非线性时域耦合动力分析

文章基于三维时域势流理论和弹性细长杆理论,研究并提出了深海系泊浮体物面非线性时域耦合动力分析方法。该方法采用时域物面非线性理论方法在瞬态位置直接时域模拟系泊浮体所需水动力,结合有限元方法计算系泊缆索的动力响应,利用异步耦合方法实现浮体和系泊缆索的时域耦合动力求解。既满足系泊浮体时域水动力耦合,又满足系泊浮体和系泊缆索动力耦合。通过对二阶非线性不规则波作用下深海系泊半潜式平台的时域耦合响应特性进行研究,将不同海况下物面非线性时域耦合静力响应和动力响应与间接时域耦合动力响应的三种方法计算结果进行比较。研究结果表明,系泊缆索动力响应明显,平台瞬态空间位置对垂荡低频运动影响较大,有必要在平台瞬时湿表面采用动力响应方法进行深海系泊浮体时域耦合响应分析。     

深水半潜式平台运动响应及截面波浪载荷模型实验研究

半潜平台在恶劣的海洋环境中将承受极端的环境载荷,从而导致相应的大幅运动,截面载荷以及系泊力。文章对一艘系泊在南海的典型半潜平台进行了综合试验研究。为了测量中纵剖面上的波浪载荷,半潜平台模型从中纵剖面处被剖开,并用3个六分力传感器进行连接。结果表明,当波浪周期在10 s附近时,中纵剖面处的截面传递函数达到最大值。而低频长波以及差频波浪成分对剖面载荷影响很小。文中还分别针对仅有波浪作用的海况和风、浪、流联合作用的海况,对半潜平台的运动和载荷情况进行了研究,发现风和流对平台波频运动影响较小,而对于低频运动,其影响要大于波浪作用。随着风和流的出现,中纵剖面的剪切力,分离力以及垂向弯矩增幅分别可达127.07%,51.87%和45.77%。与此同时,在风、浪、流的联合作用下,最大锚链力与锚链的破断强度比值达到了62.3%,接近规范中66.6%的限制。     

基于泰勒展开边界元耦合镜像格林函数法的浮体水动力学池壁效应（英文）

A novel numerical model based on the image Green function and first-order Taylor expansion boundary element method(TEBEM), which can improve the accuracy of the hydrodynamic simulation for the non-smooth body, was developed to calculate the side wall effects on first-order motion responses and second-order drift loads upon offshore structures in the wave tank. This model was confirmed by comparing it to the results from experiments on hydrodynamic coefficients, namely the first-order motion response and second-order drift load upon a hemisphere, prolate spheroid, and box-shaped barge in the wave tank. Then,the hydrodynamics of the KVLCC2 model were also calculated in two wave tanks with different widths. It was concluded that this model can predict the hydrodynamics for offshore structures effectively, and the side wall has a significant impact on the firstorder quantities and second-order drift loads, which satisfied the resonant rule.     

一种新型海洋能发电轮机水动力特性研究

摘 要：海洋发电轮机所处的海上作业环境恶劣，设备易发生故障且维修困难。基于三维势流理论，并结合ANSYS-AQWA软件，对风、浪、流荷载联合作用下的海洋能发电轮机的水动力特性进行研究，得出了发电轮机在工作工况及极限工况下的运动响应特性。结果表明，浮体运动响应幅值的最大值分别发生在遭遇艏斜浪和横浪时；其中极限工况下的运动响应幅值是工作工况下的3-10倍。该装置经过循环改型后水动力性能良好，能够满足实际的工程应用，本文提出的计算方法可以作为一种快速预报装置水动力特性的校核手段，满足工程设计阶段的需求。     

海洋浮式平台气隙的数值预报

以海洋浮式平台为研究对象,运用三维势流理论结合半经验Morison方程的方法计算了规则波下的水动力系数以及运动响应传递函数,并运用短期预报方法对平台气隙进行了分析。研究结果表明,其水动力性能与波浪频率密切相关,平台的气隙短期预报显示波浪在浮箱首尾部分负气隙严重,即有强烈的波浪砰击现象,平台结构设计时要充分考虑到该区域的波浪砰击载荷。     

Experimental study of the state-of-the-art offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage

An innovative offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage (FOWT-SFFC) has recently been developed by the two leading authors for offshore wind and aquaculture industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic responses of FOWT-SFFC subjected to simultaneous wind and wave actions in the harsh South China Sea environment by a series of model tests. The tests are conducted at the Tsinghua Ocean Engineering Basin with Froude scale of 1:30. In this paper, the similarity law and setup of model tests are given first. Then a series of calibration tests and identification tests are carried out to validate the capacity of wind generator and wave maker, and to identify the vibration frequencies of tower, the stiffness of mooring system, natural periods and system damping, motion response amplitude operators (RAOs) of FOWT-SFFC, and thrust-speed performance of the turbine in wave basin. After that, seakeeping tests are implemented for random waves, followed by a sequence of load cases including normal operating and extreme conditions. Constant wind speeds and random wind speeds are respectively considered in load combinations. The experimental results affirm the excellent seakeeping and dynamic performance of FOWT-SFFC. Existence of metal fish nets increases the damping of foundation's 6 degree-of-freedoms motions. Generally, the influence of nets on the dynamic responses is insignificant in wind sea states.     

LNG旁靠FSRU码头系泊的水动力性能试验研究

本文对码头系泊的FSRU和LNG船的水动力性能进行了研究,分别对FSRU单船码头和FSRU-LNGC并排码头系泊进行了模型试验.码头与船和船与船之间均采用系泊缆和靠垫进行连接.试验中考虑了风、流、浪等环境因素对码头系泊系统的影响.在风浪流模型试验中,分别测量了不同海况下系泊系统的动态响应,其中包括FSRU和LNG船的六自由度运动响应、系泊缆张力和靠垫接触力.相比较其它浪向,横浪(90°)引起的船舶运动更大,进而导致系泊缆和靠垫的受力增大.结果还表明,FSRU单船码头系泊在所有海况下安全性较好,但对于LNG船旁靠FSRU码头系泊系统,其对环境的响应非常敏感,尤其是横浪环境.     

新型干树半潜平台系泊系统的时域耦合分析

我国海洋油气开发正逐步从近海浅水区域不断往远海深水区域发展。随着水深的增加,传统的以锚链为材料,以自重为回复力的悬链线式系泊系统已经不再适用。世界上超深水浮式生产平台基本上都采用张紧式系泊系统,并且中间段采用超轻的聚酯缆材料以降低其施加在平台上的荷载。基于1500米超深水的中国南海环境,开发了一种运动性能良好的新型干树半潜平台。新型平台的系泊系统采用张紧式锚链-聚酯缆-锚链形式。根据平台尺度和环境条件,对系泊系统进行了布置和设计。通过时域耦合方法对系泊系统进行了数值分析,分析结果表明系泊系统强度满足规范和设计要求。