国内贸易散货船在2012年规范下结构强度的有限元计算分析

近年来随着国内航运市场的兴旺,国内近海航区及南京以下长江各港口的国内贸易散货船需求十分旺盛。国内贸易散货船的受力工况和装载工况不同于国际航行散货船,规范对结构要求也有所不同。介绍48 500 DWT国内贸易散货船根据CCS《国内航行海船建造规范》(2012版)及2013年修改通报对直接强度计算要求进行设计计算,比较规范修改前后差异,得出规律,做到结构最优化,为后续设计任务提供可靠参考和实际经验。     

散货船横向强度有限元分析

利用MSC/Nastran软件探讨了散货船横向强度的计算方法.文中给出了外载荷的计算方法和边界条件的施加方法,并在五种工况下对一散货船进行了横向强度分析.通过有限元分析得到的结论可用于指导散货船的结构设计与优化.计算结果表明结构响应满足强度要求.     

协调版共同结构规范对港口工况下散货船的影响分析

协调版共同结构规范（CSR-H）对港口工况下船体梁强度和船体构件局部强度的要求与先前的油船共同结构规范（CSR-OT）基本一致,而相比散货船共同结构规范（CSR-BC）有明显变化。通过对比分析CSR-H和CSR-BC对于港口工况具体要求的差异,并结合实船数据分析,阐述基于CSR-H要求的港口工况对散货船结构设计的影响;并探讨针对符合CSR-H的散货船,如何合理选取船体梁许用静水弯矩值和许用静水剪力值。     

单双壳散货船横向强度的有限元对比分析

采用大型通用有限元分析软件MSC .Nastran,分别对25 000DWT单壳、双壳散货船进行了横向强度的有限元分析,得出了在不同工况中舱段内货物压力、舷外水压力、波浪压力等作用下船体舱段结构的结构响应,并对两船的计算结果进行了对比分析.计算结果对单双壳散货船的设计具有指导意义.     

半、全宽舱段模型的船舶横向强度比对

采用大型通用有限元分析软件MSC,以54 000 dwt散货船为例,采用半舱段模型与全舱段模型进行横向强度有限元分析,得出了在不同工况中舱段内货物压力、舷外水压力、波浪压力等作用下船体舱段结构的结构响应,并对两种模型的计算结果进行对比分析,计算结果对横向强度的建模具有指导意义。     

船底结构的焊接系数研究

采用钢结构焊接强度计算方法,给出船底结构角焊缝应力的计算模型和船舶结构角焊缝焊接系数的计算公式。以一艘31 000 dwt散货船船底结构为例,计算不同工况荷载作用下船底、内底纵骨、船底纵桁以及肋板的焊缝剪应力,并与舱段有限元的剪应力计算结果作比较,验证了当前规范角焊缝焊接系数。     

某油船改造成双舷侧散货船结构强度直接计算分析

以某单壳油船改造的双舷侧散货船为例,按照CCS《双舷侧散货船结构强度直接计算指南(2004)》要求,对船体屈服和屈曲强度进行直接计算分析。结果表明,该船的改造设计方案是可行的,各种构件的屈服强度和板格屈曲强度基本可以满足规范要求。     

内河散货船总纵极限强度可靠性分析

针对影响内河散货船船舶结构安全的不确定因素,采用三维势流水动力程序进行波浪弯矩的长、短期预报,根据Turkstra准则选择外载荷极值组合形式,提出适用于内河散货船总纵极限强度可靠性分析方法,对某内河散货船的不同工况进行计算和分析,给出不同工况下失效概率的计算方法。     

协调版共同结构规范对20.6万吨散货船的影响评估

以20.6万吨散货船为例,通过描述性规定与直接强度计算,对比分析协调版共同规范与油船共同规范的差异,评估新规范对目前散货船结构可能带来的影响。     

32000DWT散货船货舱段结构强度分析

利用MSC／Patran、MSC／Nastran软件分析了32000DWT散货船货舱段强度。给出了外载荷的计算方法和边界条件的施加方法，计算了典型的3种工况下32000DWT散货船的强度。通过有限元强度分析得到的结论可用于散货船的结构设计和优化。计算结果表明，本船的结构强度满足规范要求。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames of bulk carriers (2nd Report)—Lateral-distortional buckling and local face buckling

Pitting corrosion is typical corrosion observed on coated hold frames of bulk carriers which exclusively carry coal and iron ore. In order to secure the safety of these types of bulk carriers, it is important to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames.

In order to investigate this effect, a series of 4- and 3-point bend tests on structural models which consist of web, shell and face plates has been carried out. Artificial pitting was created on the web plate to simulate pitting. In the 4-point bend tests, two equal concentrated loads have been applied vertically at the one-third points of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, lateral-distortional buckling occurred before reaching the ultimate strength and local buckling of the face plate was observed after reaching the ultimate strength. The effect of web plate pitting on the lateral-distortional buckling strength was found to be small but the ultimate strength decreases with increase in the degree of pitting intensity. In the 3-point bend tests, concentrated load has been applied vertically at the center of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, local face buckling occurred just after reaching the ultimate strength. The ultimate strength is found to be decreasing with increase in the degree of pitting intensity.

A series of non-linear FE analyses has been performed to simulate the deformation behavior observed in the tests. It has been revealed that even in the case of randomly distributed pitting corrosion the ultimate strength of the structural models was almost the same as that of the structural models with uniform corrosion corresponding to the average thickness loss.     

基于共同规范的散货船屈曲强度评估

依据散货船共同结构规范的要求对某散货船船中区域主要结构进行屈曲强度直接计算,重点分析其屈曲强度,对不满足屈曲强度要求的板格进行加强,结果表明,共同规范对船体结构的要求更高。     

Collapse strength of hatch cover of bulk carrier subjected to lateral pressure load

A series of elastoplastic large deflection FEM analyses has been performed on hatch covers of bulk carriers subjected to lateral load. Two types of hatch covers are considered which are the folding type and the side-sliding type. For the folding-type cover, one size is considered which is for Handy size bulk carrier, whilst for the side-sliding-type cover, two sizes are considered which are for Panamax and Cape size bulk carriers. For each type, two hatch covers are selected which are designed in accordance with the old ICLL rule and new IACS rule, respectively. Calculated collapse strengths are compared with individual design loads, and a strength assessment is performed. On the basis of collapse behaviour observed in FEM analyses, a simple method is proposed to evaluate the collapse strength of a hatch cover subjected to lateral load. It is confirmed that the collapse strength is accurately predicted by the proposed method.     

国内航行散货船总体设计特点

近期,国内沿海散货运输市场对新型高效的国内航行散货船需求量增大。现以新开发的45000吨级散货船为例,介绍国内航行散货船的总体设计特点,并就如何绘制恰当的载货量曲线提出了建议。     

矿砂船倾斜舱壁散粒矿砂载荷分布研究

借鉴土力学计算模型,并运用水平单元分析法,对散粒矿砂货物对货舱斜舱壁的压力计算公式和分布规律进行了研究。与经典库仑理论和散货船共同规范计算公式不同,该方法得到的斜舱壁压力在靠近舱底位置呈现出明显非线性特征,该分布趋势与实船测量结果较吻合。通过全船有限元惯性力误差分析,验证了本文建立的矿砂载荷计算方法的合理性,为矿砂船强度校核的载荷计算提供参考依据。     

散装谷物运输的安全管理

从中国散装谷物运输现状出发,分析散装谷物船舶安全管理的实践做法,提出制定国内散装谷物船舶安全管理程序文件,并配套建立国内航行非散装谷物专用船舶数据库、编制散装谷物船舶装载核算软件、细化对散粮船的现场检查工作等安全管理建议。     

5800DWT散货船局部结构强度分析

采用有限元直接计算方法．对5800DWT散货船克令吊下方的横舱壁结构进行了计算分析，并对平面加筋板型横舱壁和设有吊机基座支撑柱型横舱壁两种不同结构形式的结构强度进行了比较研究。结果表明。采用后者的结构形式．能有效地避免克令吊作业时所产生的应力集中．更好地承受和传递载荷。     

Reliability analysis of a bulk carrier in ultimate limit state under combined global and local loads in the hogging and alternate hold loading condition

The alternate hold still-water loading in hogging combined with wave loading is critical for the safe design of bulk carriers. The ultimate longitudinal strength of the hull girder of bulk carriers in this condition has been found to be considerably reduced by the action of local lateral pressure loads. In the present paper, an interaction equation based on the ultimate hull girder strength assessment obtained by nonlinear finite element analyses is adopted to consider the relationship between ultimate longitudinal bending capacity and average external sea pressure over the bottom. This interaction equation is used as the basis for the failure function. The annual probability of failure is obtained by FORM analysis considering two typical load cases, namely, pure longitudinal hogging bending moment and combined global hogging bending moment and local lateral pressure loads. The effect of heavy weather avoidance on the failure probability is evaluated. The results show that the local lateral pressure has a significant influence on the annual probability of failure of bulk carriers in the hogging and alternate hold loading condition.