阳极区添加氢氧化钠电渗加固软土试验研究

利用电渗试验装置,进行阳极区添加氢氧化钠电渗加固与纯电渗加固软黏土地基的室内模型试验对比研究。试验过程中记录排水量、电流等指标,试验结束后检测土体抗剪强度、含水率。试验结果表明:阳极区添加氢氧化钠电渗加固软黏土地基比单独电渗作用下加固软黏土地基处理效果好;减缓阳极腐蚀,延长阳极使用寿命,可为工程应用提供借鉴。     

振动排水固结法加固漫滩相软土可行性试验研究

为了研究振动排水固结法加固漫滩相软土的可行性,采用自主研制LD-8型动态固结渗透仪对漫滩相软土进行振动排水固结试验。分析排水条件、振动荷载和频率对其固结效果的影响及固结后试样的抗剪强度和含水量。试验结果表明:四边加中间排水能够显著地提高软土的固结效率;在不同频率的振动荷载作用下,软土的固结效果存在明显差异。振动排水固结法比静力排水固结法更加有效地提高软土的固结效率和抗剪强度,显著地降低含水量,对于软土地基加固具有良好的效果。     

电渗法中排水固结理论与实践的若干问题

从工程应用的角度,对地基处理中的电渗法加固机理、适用性、等效加固荷载、电极材料、与其它方法的联合及相关实用技术进行了讨论。从排水固结考虑,电渗法适合加固的是电渗透系数和电阻率较大、水力渗透系数适中的土体。电渗加固中,无恒定的等效加固荷载。电渗常常需要与常规排水固结法联合以提高加固效果。研制不腐蚀的材料对电渗加固具有重要意义。电极转换和间歇通电有利于减少电能在电极与土体接触面的消耗,提高电能利用率。     

孔压静力触探数据与黏性土不排水抗剪强度的相关性分析

利用孔压静力触探（CPTU）数据可解译黏性土的不排水抗剪强度,而采用不同试验方法测定的黏性土不排水抗剪强度并非固定值。通过对比分析,得出CPTU数据与不同试验方法(包括直剪试验、固快试验、不固结不排水三轴压缩试验等方法)得出的细粒土不排水抗剪强度的相关关系。结果表明,不同试验得出的黏性土不排水抗剪强度与CPTU数据具有非常好的相关性;对于不同试验得出来的抗剪强度需要采用不同的系数Nkt进行换算。     

淤泥质软黏土抗剪强度特性研究

以渤海近海淤泥质软黏土为研究对象,对不同含水率下的软黏土进行了不同竖向压力下的室内快速剪切试验。通过对比和分析试验结果发现了软黏土抗剪强度及其参数与含水率的一些相关关系,并通过数理统计方法,将其拟合成多项式函数表达式,总结了含水率对抗剪强度参数的影响。     

基于泥沙流变学原理的脉动真空预压技术

在疏浚吹填施工中,如何快速降低吹填土的含水率是吹填区软基处理的一项关键工作。为进一步提高排水效率,开展了基于泥沙流变学原理的脉动真空预压排水技术研究。通过大量室内小尺度单板排水模型试验,阐释了脉动作用对促进淤泥质软基脱水的作用机理,分析了脉动真空预压法的排水效果,提出了淤泥质软基处理新方法。试验结果表明此方法优于现行常用的真空预压排水法,有效提高了排水效率,可减轻排水板通道的淤积堵塞问题。     

初始含水率对真空预压加固吹填淤泥影响试验研究

针对传统的真空预压设计和施工方式较为粗放,主要依靠经验进行,缺乏相关的工程参数的问题。设计不同吹填淤泥初始含水率进行了四组室内对比试验,通过分析孔隙水压力,排水量,沉降量,土体的含水率以及十字板剪切强度等指标的变化规律,探究真空预压处理效果与淤泥初始含水率之间的关系。试验结果表明,含水率高的吹填淤泥在靠近排水板处孔隙水压力消散更快;初始含水率越大,排水固结达到稳定的时间越长;初始含水率高的吹填淤泥在真空预压法处理后仍然具有较高的含水率,对应的土体平均强度较低;试验建立了初始含水率与加固后土体强度之间的线性拟合公式。     

固结不排水剪阻角的试验测定

确定土的抗剪强度和强度指标的方法应分为有效应力法、总应力法和固结应力法等三种,而不能仅仅分为前两种方法.强调土的固结不排水剪阻角的定义应该表示其不排水强度随着剪前固结应力增长而提高的规律,指出目前用来整理直剪和单剪试验结果的常规方法,在实用上是可行的.     

太阳能电渗法处理疏浚淤泥试验研究

疏浚淤泥存在含水量高、渗透系数低、强度低等特点,其自然固结排水需要很长的时间。本文将太阳能技术与常规电渗法相结合,提出了太阳能电渗固结处理疏浚淤泥技术,开发了太阳能电渗固结室内模型试验系统,并进行处理疏浚淤泥试验,对电流、电压、土体排水量和含水量等进行测量。试验结果表明:太阳能电渗的供能是一种既非稳定电压、又非恒定直流电的输入形式;太阳能电渗的土体排水量远大于自然沉降处理的土体排水量;太阳能电渗存在一个24h的日周期性,晚上断电后白天再通电时电路中的电流明显增大;太阳能电渗的电流、电压总量都存在季节性,一般来说夏天的电流、电压总量比冬天的多;太阳能电渗的电流、电压峰值对季节的变化有不同的响应,同年夏天的电流峰值要大于冬天的电流峰值,而同年夏天的电压峰值与冬天的电压峰值相差不大;太阳能电渗的能耗系数受到季节性变化的影响很小,区别在于当消耗相同能量排出相同土体水分时,冬天的工作周期要长于夏天的工作周期。     

海滩区淤泥路基强度变化规律及其稳定性研究

通过大量十字板剪切试验、静力触探试验和扁铲侧胀试验,研究了海滩区淤泥抗剪强度的分布规律,发现淤泥路基强度基本随深度增加线性增长,并分析了淤泥路基抗剪强度变化规律对淤泥路基稳定性的影响,揭示了路基稳定性安全系数及滑动面位置随淤泥强度分布的变化规律.     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

舰艇反鱼雷技术

对目前舰艇反鱼雷技术中的非杀伤、软杀伤和硬杀伤等比较先进的手段进行了阐述,并在此基础上分析研究了舰艇反鱼雷技术的发展趋势。     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补强度和刚度数值分析

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对复合材料补片修复含边裂纹和中心裂纹钢板的强度和刚度进行了数值分析.引入相对刚度的概念,研究了钻有止裂孔裂纹的长度对损伤钢板相对刚度的影响,分析了损伤钢板刚度复合材料贴片修补效果;引入屈服载荷提高率的概念,分析了损伤钢板强度的修复效果.     

混凝土道路、堆场面层裂缝的产生与防治

从混凝土道路、堆场的各个结构层分析裂缝产生的原因,并针对性地说明预防措施,阐述裂缝维修方法。     

单相PWM整流器的建模与仿真分析

文章详细分析了单相VSR型PWM整流器的整流原理,建立了电流内环,电压外环的单相VSR型PWM整流控制器的数学模型和逻辑框图。在MATLAB／Simulink软件环境中进行了仿真,分析了模型的可行性。