吸力桶与圆沉箱整体预制式新型离岸深水码头*

为了开发能够更好地适应软土地基和恶劣波浪条件的离岸深水码头，结合吸力桶和圆沉箱的优点，提出了吸力桶与圆沉箱整体预制式新型离岸深水码头。阐述其结构组成、平面布置和施工工艺，分析了其承载特性。该结构靠岸侧可布置泊位、靠海侧可兼做防波堤，抗浪能力强，具有承载性能好、结构刚度大、耐久性好、费用省和对环境影响小的优点，应用前景广泛。相比无隔舱的吸力桶，此新型结构通过设置内圆桶和内隔板，抗滑和抗倾覆能力大幅提高。贯入损伤对基础安装就位时的承载力有比较明显的降低作用，建议在设计中考虑。     

新型筒型透空式码头结构的失稳分析

针对离岸深水环境特点,文章提出了新型筒型透空式码头结构,依据筒型基础的结构特性,提出了水平荷载作用下结构的失稳判别标准。然后,建立了筒型透空式码头的三维弹塑性有限元模型,对其水平荷载作用下的结构失稳进行分析。结果表明筒型透空式码头结构基础周围土体在水平荷载作用下发生楔形剪切破坏,增加筒长可显著增加基础的水平承载力,但对基础的屈服和极限水平位移影响较小。     

吸力式导管架基础落驳技术

海上风机吸力式导管架基础相比其他基础型式而言,符合深海区域海风风机基础的型式,具有海上有效作业天数短、工程经济性较强等优势,在海上风电建设并向深海区域快速发展的形势下,风机吸力式导管架基础结构型式得到越来越广泛的推广应用。文章结合长乐外海海上风电场C区项目吸力式导管架基础落驳技术,深入研究超大超重吸力式导管架基础落驳技术。     

海上风机吸力式桶形基础竖向承载力特性研究

吸力式桶形基础作为一种新型的海上风机基础,正逐渐以单桶或者多桶组合形式被应用于海上风机支撑基础设计中。然而目前对应用于海上风机基础的桶形基础的极限承载力的研究仍存在研究不全面和结果不统一的问题。本文以宽浅型单桶基础为例,采用有限元软件Abaqus对海上风机吸力式桶形基础在饱和黏土地基中的竖向承载特性进行三维有限元分析。考虑桶土接触面分离条件对极限承载力和土体破坏模式的影响,并且对桶形基础长径比、土体的有效重度以及土体不排水抗剪强度分布对桶形基础竖向极限承载特性的影响进行分析。研究成果可以为海上风机吸力式桶形基础设计提供参考。     

海上风机吸力式桶形基础竖向承载力特性研究

吸力式桶形基础作为一种新型的海上风机基础,正逐渐以单桶或者多桶组合形式被应用于海上风机支撑基础设计中。然而目前对应用于海上风机基础的桶形基础的极限承载力的研究仍存在研究不全面和结果不统一的问题。本文以宽浅型单桶基础为例,采用有限元软件Abaqus对海上风机吸力式桶形基础在饱和黏土地基中的竖向承载特性进行三维有限元分析。考虑桶土接触面分离条件对极限承载力和土体破坏模式的影响,并且对桶形基础长径比、土体的有效重度以及土体不排水抗剪强度分布对桶形基础竖向极限承载特性的影响进行分析。研究成果可以为海上风机吸力式桶形基础设计提供参考。     

海上风电桶型结构安全与基础承载力计算

为了研究海上风电桶型结构型式与地基承载力特征,基于有限元建立吸力桶结构与地基的三维数值模型,采用有限差分法计算风电结构与海床地基的变形与屈服,分析不同荷载模式下结构变形与荷载的变化关系,以及地基基础的极限承载特性,通过研究单一极限荷载(水平荷载、竖向荷载、弯矩)作用下桶型结构的变形、安全稳定性以及地基的极限承载特性。研究结果可为海上风电场吸力桶结构的设计与选型、安全运行以及地基长期稳定性提供参考。     

吸力式导管架基础结构制作工艺研究

文章结合长乐外海海上风电场C区项目吸力式导管架基础制作,深入研究超大超重吸力式导管架基础制作工艺技术,具体包含过渡段制作、导管架制作、导管架分片组装等等内容,最终取得了良好的施工效果,可为相关项目提供借鉴。     

海上风机基础选型

海上风机基础结构是海上风电场的基本组成部分,海上风机基础结构的安全性和可靠性是海上风电场高效稳定运行的基础。海上风机基础的建造和施工在海上风电工程造价中占比接近30%,是海上风电场工程建设中除风电机组设备投资外成本占比最高的环节。根据目前已经建成项目和在建项目风机基础情况统计,重力式、单桩、导管架、水下三桩、水上三桩、高桩承台、单桶/多桶吸力桶、漂浮式等基础形式均有商业化应用,其中单桩和导管架基础形式是经济性相对较优、施工工效最高、应用比重较高的基础形式,本文对各种基础形式的特点和应用情况进行简要介绍。     

饱和软黏土中吸力锚的承载能力数值分析*

利用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS,基于总应力分析法,建立了饱和软黏土中吸力锚的三维有限元数值模型,通过与物理模型试验对比,验证了数值模型的正确性.计算分析了吸力锚的水平承载力特性及其破坏模式、最优系缆深度上的倾斜承载力包络图.通过对有限元结果进行拟合分析,提出了吸力锚承载能力的简化计算公式,公式中考虑了长径比、加载角度和土体不排水抗剪强度的影响.     

桶基在单、分层土下的承载特性试验研究

通过在单层和分层饱和土中的模型试验,考察了吸力式桶型基础在静荷载下的承载力特性.分别得到了在竖向荷载,横向荷载下的载荷位移曲线,分层土条件下的承载力特性,以及承载力随密度的变化.     

风电安装船风暴自存下总体性能分析研究

随着海上风电的快速发展,风电安装船作为建设海上风电场的关键设备得到了广泛应用,由于其工作于恶劣的海洋环境中,保证其安全尤为重要。本文针对一自升式风电安装船,探讨了其在风暴自存下的载荷种类和计算方法,应用ANSYS软件建立了整体结构的有限元模型,通过施加相应的边界条件和外载荷,对其总体性能包括全船结构强度、锁紧结构承载性能、预压载性能、抗倾稳性及桩靴承载性能进行了分析。分析结果表明,风电安装船在风暴自存工况下总体性能满足使用要求。论文研究成果可为同类船型的设计分析提供参考。     

Dynamic impedances and load carrying mechanism for skirted foundations

Dynamic impedances of foundations include dynamic stiffness and damping which have important effect on the internal forces in the structure. In some cases, such as offshore wind turbines, the influence of the foundation impedances on the system's natural frequency and overall damping could potentially have a significant effect on the fatigue life of the structure. The vertical, horizontal and rocking impedances of a skirted foundation (also termed bucket foundation in offshore wind industry) embedded in a fully saturated poroelastic seabed are addressed in this paper. The vertical impedance is most relevant for jacket foundations supported on three or four bucket foundations, while horizontal and rocking impedances are applicable for mono-bucket foundations. The dynamic vibration problems are solved semi-analytically with the help of dual integral equations and Green's functions. Numerical results for dynamic impedances are obtained; damping ratio are also obtained to show the importance of radiation damping for bucket foundations, even at very small excitation frequencies. The influence of length-to-radius ratio, Poisson's ratio, permeability of soil, excitation frequency and thickness-to-radius ratio on the impedances are also studied. Besides, the dynamic load sharing among the top plate, bucket shaft and bucket tip is obtained for vertical load, horizontal load and moment to shed light on the carrying mechanism of bucket foundation at dynamic working loads. It is found that for a rigid bucket foundation, even when the length-to-radius ratio is small (e.g. l/a = 1.0), most of the loads are carried by the shaft, while the top plate and tip of the bucket take only a small portion of the loads. The results of this study will be helpful for understanding the load-carrying mechanism of offshore bucket foundations for normal operation conditions.     

天津滨海新区某海堤局部结构塌陷的原因分析及处理措施

在天津滨海地区建设海堤时,一般需要在淤泥土地基上设置水平砂垫层和竖向塑料排水板,以加速天然地基的排水固结,提高地基承载能力.在某海堤工程的施工中,因部分堤段的砂垫层改用粉细砂,以致在海堤建造过程中发生局部塌陷,以该项工程为例,详细分析海堤出现结构塌陷的原因,总结经验教训,可供类似工程参考.     

自航自升式风电安装船总体设计研究

自航自升式风电安装船是一艘具备8MW及以下海上风机基础的打桩施工、塔筒吊装和风机安装能力,航区满足国际调遣的动力定位特种工程船舶。本文回顾了风电安装船的发展历程,说明了自航自升式风电安装船的基本概况,论证了作业水深、起重能力、可变载荷和定位方式等船型参数。重点研究了阻力试验结果,自航平台船员舱室问题,桩靴轻量化设计,谐波治理和连续式升降系统选型等设计要点,为同类船型开发提供参考。     

Research on the calculation method of penetration resistance of bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines

The cost of foundations for offshore wind turbines constitutes approximately 35% of the total cost of an offshore wind farm. The bucket foundations show significant potential due to their superior transportation and installation efficiencies compared to pile foundations, leading to potential cost savings for the foundation of up to 30%. For a bucket foundation to be installed successfully, the penetration resistance must be predicted. However, there is currently a lack of clarity on how to select a suitable calculation method for penetration resistance based on known geological parameters to guide construction. In order to evaluate the current methods of calculation for bucket foundation penetration resistance, this study combines theoretical calculation methods with two sets of practical measurement data from the field. The calculation methods of penetration resistance for bucket foundation are first reviewed and categorized. The applicability range of each method and the parameters needed for calculation are given. Next, according to the measured data in the process of penetration of bucket foundation on site, the evolution of compartment pressure, tilt angle, resistance and required suction in the process of penetration are analyzed. Finally, the reviewed methods are compared to the results of two practical projects in order to analyze the differences between them and make recommendations for the calculation technique. The findings can be used as a guide for calculating the bucket foundation's penetration resistance in complex geological conditions.     

海上风电安装船的发展趋势研究

随着海上风力发电产业的迅速发展,风电安装船需求越来越大,并且风电安装船是高附加值工程船,因此这一市场的吸引力将越来越受到造船界重视,竞争将越来越激烈,但海上风电场施工成本高、海上作业时间长及工期长等问题的存在延缓了海力发电产业的发展。因此,本文将着重对海上风电结构物施工、安装过程的单一海工设备发展进行浅析,为探索深水化、大型化、专业化、集成化的海上风电安装船来完成深海域基础施工及风机安装问题提供设计参考。     

离岸深水全直桩码头竖向承载特性有限元数值模拟

建立结构-地基相互作用三维弹塑性有限元模型,分析软土地基上离岸深水全直桩码头竖向承载特性与失稳模式。通过研究得出,竖向荷载作用下,该结构竖向承载特性及失稳模式与土体强度密切相关。当地基较软时,结构竖向极限承载力由地基土体强度决定;当地基较硬时,结构竖向极限承载力由桩身及土体强度共同控制。为此,在进行该类结构设计时,应充分考虑软土地基软化效应等可能降低土体强度的不利因素对结构竖向承载特性及失稳模式的影响。     

海上风电场维护船船型方案研究及双体阻力性能数值分析

风能是一种清洁的可再生资源,与传统的燃煤发电相比,风力发电没有二氧化碳等一些有害气体的排放,是理想的绿色能源,其开发利用受到各国的重视。随着海上风电场的日益发展,维护问题也随之而来。海上风电场维护船是维护人员进行维护必不可少的交通工具,本文根据中国典型的海上风电塔基型式,结合风电场实际使用需要和运营条件,对双体风电维护船功能进行了分析,通过对不同的双体船型方案进行数值仿真分析,得到性能良好的双体船行方案,为中国海上风电场建造维护船船型选择奠定了一定的基础。     

Static and dynamic loading behavior of a hybrid foundation for offshore wind turbines

Considering the deficiencies of the traditional monopile foundation for offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in severe marine environments, an innovative hybrid foundation is developed in the present study. The hybrid foundation consists of a traditional monopile and a wide–shallow bucket. A series of numerical analyses are conducted to investigate its behavior under the static and dynamic loading, considering various loading eccentricities. A traditional monopile with the same steel volume is used as a benchmark. Although the monopile outperforms the hybrid foundation in terms of the ultimate moment capacity under each loading eccentricity, the latter can achieve superior or the same performance with nearly half of the pile length in the design loading range. Moreover, the horizontal load and moment are mainly resisted by the bucket and the single pile in the hybrid foundation respectively. The failure mechanism of both the hybrid foundation and the monopile is excessive rotation. In the rotation angle of 0.05 rad, the rotation center is located at the depth of approximately 0.6–0.75 times and 0.65–0.75 times the pile length for the hybrid foundation and the monopile respectively. The increasing loading eccentricities can lead to increasing moment bearing capacity, increasing initial stiffness and upward movement of the rotation center of the two foundations, while decreasing load sharing ratio of the single pile in the hybrid foundation. Three scenarios are considered in investigating the dynamic loading behavior of the hybrid foundation. Dynamic response results reveal that addition of the bucket to the foundation can restrain the rotation and lateral displacement effectively. The superiority of the hybrid foundation is more obvious under the combined wave and current loading.