焊接顺序对船体分段的焊接变形影响

采用固有应变法仿真计算不同焊接顺序下船体分段的焊接变形。研究结果表明,在三种焊接顺序下,船体分段整体呈现外张趋势;同一焊接顺序下,纵骨越靠近舷侧,垂向变形越大;从横向和垂向焊接变形来看,先由船中向两舷对称地焊接横向构件,再由船中向两舷对称地焊接纵向构件,即焊接方案A为船体分段较优焊接顺序。     

大型复杂船体结构焊接工艺方案评价体系研究

为了能够科学合理地评价大型复杂船体结构焊接工艺方案,以某船体分段为例,计算六种焊接工艺方案下分段焊接变形.建立一种评价体系,依次确定评价要素,评分方法,允许偏差值和权重值.最后,将六种方案下分段焊接变形计算值代入评分公式,进而对船体结构的焊接工艺方案进行综合评价.     

45000t集装箱滚装船水密门精度控制

为更好地控制集装箱滚装船门框结构的安装精度，以45000t集装箱滚装船中只包含水密门结构的分段为例进行水密门精度控制研究。通过研究该分段的建造方式，改进分段的建造工艺，合理安排门框结构在分段建造过程中的安装顺序，进而缩减结构变形；同时，利用精度测量仪器进行跟踪测量，保证始终把精度控制在有效范围内。对焊接过程中采用的焊接方法进行研究，改进焊接工艺，采取逐步退焊法控制焊接热量，进而减少焊接变形。通过对分段水密门门框结构的安装工艺及焊接工艺进行研究，将理论与实践相结合，总结出一套行之有效的建造工艺，确保分段门框结构安装精度得到有效控制，保证水密门的性能，为该系列船后续的分段建造提供参考。     

大型复杂船体分段焊接变形研究

为了预估大型复杂船体分段的焊接变形,运用热弹塑性法计算典型结构的焊接变形,得出典型船体分段的固有应变,采用固有应变法计算该船体分段焊接变形,并与实测结果进行对比验证。结果表明:采用固有应变法计算大型复杂船体分段的焊接变形是可行的;船体分段焊接变形呈现整体外张的趋势,且两舷侧边缘位置的焊接变形量最大。     

船体分段下胎封固支撑位置优化算法的研究

分段下胎封固是分段建造过程中的一个工艺环节,它关系到分段后续装配过程的精度控制。文章在船体分段下胎封固的一般工艺原则指导下,对分段下胎封固的支撑点设计进行了研究,通过计算分段在下胎封固之后的变形,以结构变形量最小为优化目标,采用随机行走法对封固方案进行了优化。以某一双层底分段为例,对优化之后的分段变形量进行了分析,结果符合预期,表明该优化算法可以用于分段的下胎封固支撑点优化设计。同时,文章利用MATLAB开发了针对下胎封固工艺方案设计的可视化界面。     

焊缝收缩法焊接变形技术研究

以船体甲板结构为研究对象,采用热弹塑性法和局部整体法计算分析甲板分段典型焊接接头应变大小,并将该计算结果与实验测量结果相对比控制和验证有限元计算精准度。以典型焊接接头计算结果为基础,采用Weld-Planner焊缝收缩法预测甲板分段结构的焊接变形。采用焊缝收缩法计算工程结构的焊接变形时,计算过程易于收敛,计算效率显著提高,是预测大型复杂结构焊接变形一种方便有效的方法。     

基于固有应变的海洋平台典型结构焊接变形预测

应用热弹塑性有限元分析和弹性有限元法,对半潜式起重拆解平台中连接平台和浮体的典型结构进行焊接变形的预测。通过对焊接接头的预测分析,得到其固有应变,再将计算得到的固有变形以载荷的形式加载到整个结构中,得到整个结构的焊接变形。通过对3种焊接顺序的比较,得到焊接变形最小的方案。在此基础上,考虑开口对结构焊接变形的影响。研究结果将对半潜式起重拆解平台特殊结构的焊接工艺优化提供理论支撑和数据支持。     

中型邮船甲板薄板分段吊装方案

以中型邮船的3种典型甲板薄板分段为例，设计相应吊装方案，探讨起吊设备在整个吊运过程中影响建造效率的因素。采用有限元分析方法，计算3种薄板分段在不同工况条件下的强度和变形，并对发生超大变形的分段提出临时加强方案。结果表明，该吊装方案适用于甲板薄板分段结构强度弱的特点，满足中国船级社（CCS）吊装规范要求，可使中型邮船甲板薄板分段的吊装作业更加便捷和高效。     

船体分段钢结构焊接过程仿真

通过有限元与神经网络相结合的方法，模拟了船体上层建筑、舷侧分段钢结构典型部位的焊接过程，并对其温度场、位移场进行了仿真，分析了组焊工序、焊接工艺参数对上述分段钢结构焊接变形的影响。研究结果表明，采用有限元与人工神经网络相结合方法，可以快速分析、预测船舶钢结构的焊接变形，且仿真结果与实焊数值能较好吻合。并分析出影响船体分段钢结构焊接变形的主要因素是钢板拼焊后产生的残余应力，增加消除焊接应力工序，可以明显降低船体分段钢结构焊后产生的变形量。     

船舶甲板分段纵骨焊接变形和残余应力数值模拟

基于非线性分析软件Abaqus,采用顺序耦合的热弹塑性有限元方法研究典型船舶甲板分段纵骨焊接的变形与残余应力问题。焊接过程中的温度场分析采用具有截面积分shell单元的shell/solid模型,移动热源为高斯分布与均匀体组合热源,材料考虑应变随温度变化的特性。通过与T型接头焊接实验结果对比,验证了方法的可靠性。在此基础上,计算分析了甲板分段纵骨焊接的整体变形和局部板格变形,并讨论了外板纵向和横向焊接残余应力分布规律。     

Recent research on welding distortion prediction in thin plate fabrication by means of elastic FE computation

Elastic FE simulation with inherent deformation and interface element is an ideal and practical computational approach for predicting welding distortion in production of thin plate structures. In this study, recent researches on inherent deformation theory and welding induced buckling investigation of ship panel were sequentially introduced. Taking bead-on-plate welding as research objective (plate with 2.28 mm in thickness), integration approach with inherent strain was proposed to accurately and conveniently evaluate magnitude of inherent deformation. Also, average temperature to clarify the mechanism of influential effect of plate width on magnitude of inherent deformation was presented and examined. With the mechanism investigation of welding induced buckling by elastic FE analysis using inherent deformation, an application for predicting and mitigating the welding induced buckling in fabrication of ship panel with thin plates by employing different welding procedure patterns was carried out. Examined intermittent zigzag welding procedure is effective to reduce the magnitude of in-plane inherent shrinkages and control the possible welding induced buckling.     

An efficient FE computation for predicting welding induced buckling in production of ship panel structure

In a Thermal-Elastic-Plastic (TEP) FE analysis to investigate welding induced buckling of large thin plate welded structure such as ship panel, it will be extremely difficult to converge computation and obtain the results when the material and geometrical non-linear behaviors are both considered. In this study, an efficient FE computation which is an elastic FE analysis based on inherent deformation method, is proposed to predict welding induced buckling with employing large deformation theory, and an application in ship panel production is carried out. The proposed FE computation is implemented with two steps:(1) The typical weld joint (fillet weld) existing in considered ship panel structure is conducted with sequential welding using actual welding condition, and welding angular distortion after completely cooling down is measured. A TEP FE analysis with solid elements model is carried out to predict the welding angular distortion, which is validated by comparing with experimental results. Then, inherent deformations in this examined fillet welded joint are evaluated as a loading for the subsequent elastic FE analysis. Also, the simultaneous welding to assemble this fillet welded joint is numerically considered and its inherent deformations are evaluated.(2) To predict the welding induced buckling in the production of ship panel structure, a shell element model of considered ship panel is then employed for elastic FE analysis, in which inherent deformation evaluated beforehand is applied and large deformation is considered. The computed results obviously show welding induced buckling in the considered ship panel structure after welding. With its instability and difficulty for straightening, welding induced buckling prefers to be avoided whenever it is possible.     

上层建筑薄板焊接变形控制研究

本文以舰船上层建筑结构手工间断焊接产生的变形作为衡量依据，通过热弹塑性有限元分析方法分别进行CO2气体保护焊与手工间断焊的仿真分析,对CO2气体保护焊采用不同的焊接参数、焊接顺序等多方案进行模拟计算，明确两者焊接变形相当时的CO2气体保护焊最佳焊接工艺参数，最后通过实物模型进行了验证。本研究成果已提交给舰船制造厂，作为其制定合理的CO2气体保护焊焊接工艺参数的依据，并全面应用于舰船建造。     

船舶轻围壁结构的间断焊和单面连续焊变形仿真

针对船舶上层建筑典型薄板轻围壁结构,对间断焊焊接方式和单面连续焊焊接方式进行有限元仿真。在相同的工艺参数下,对2种焊接方式对轻围壁结构焊接变形的影响进行对比。结果表明,2种焊接方式均使轻围壁结构自由边发生翘曲,与实际施工情况相符。依据焊接变形数据得出结论,间断焊有利于对轻围壁结构焊接变形的控制。     

Numerical prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion in ship panel structure by elastic FE analysis

As an application to predict and mitigate the out-of-plane welding distortion by elastic FE analysis based on the inherent deformation theory, a panel structure of a pure car carrier ship is considered. The inherent deformations of different types of welded joints included in this ship panel structure are evaluated beforehand using thermal elastic plastic FE analysis. Applying idealized boundary condition to focus on the local deformation, elastic FE analysis shows that the considered ship panel structure will buckle near the edge and only bending distortion is dominant in the internal region. In order to mitigate out-of-plane welding distortion such as buckling and bending, straightening using line heating is employed. In the internal region, only inherent bending with the same magnitude as welding induced inherent bending is applied on the opposite side of welded joints (fast moving torch). On the other hand, only in-plane inherent strain produced by line heating is introduced to the edge region to correct buckling distortion (slow moving torch). The magnitude of out-of-plane welding distortion in this ship panel structure can be minimized to an accepted level.     

船体大面积换板变形分析

船舶市场日趋繁荣的今天,船舶修造过程中变形控制一直是业界关注的问题之一,尤其是船体结构的大面积换板。文章主要从工程实际控制及焊接方面阐述船体构件在大面积换板过程中的变形问题,并通过实例分析从而探讨防止过大变形的措施。