论拖网渔船技术设计任务书的制定

本文指出在制定渔船技术设计任务书时,应把渔船、渔场、渔港与渔业市场视为一系统,进行经济性分析,并考察鱼价、油价,资源情况,渔港至渔场距离与停港天数等不确定性因素对渔船经济性的影响。还提出了应用分层序列搜索法以准确迅速地得到全域最优解。文中给出了一远洋拖网渔船技术设计任务书制定的示例。     

远洋金枪鱼围网渔船总布置特征

在收集一些实船图纸资料,实船调查、总结和分析的基础上,阐述了远洋金枪鱼围网渔船总布置的基本原则及其特征,同时根据远洋金枪鱼围网渔船的渔捞作业特点,说明了渔捞设备布置形式和作业流程,以及"内胆式"浓盐水舱速冻作业流程及其特点.可为远洋金枪鱼围网渔船总布置设计提供参考.     

远洋金枪鱼围网渔船主要参数分析

本文在收集大量大型远洋金枪鱼围网渔船实船资料的基础上，对其主要参数进行了分析研究，得出一些近拟公式。它们既可用于初步设计工作１，也可作为船型论证的基础。     

玻璃钢远洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔船的开发研究及应用

金枪鱼属全球性洄游深海鱼类，是具有高蛋白、低脂肪的深海极品，全球每年金枪鱼产量达600万吨左右，其中80％销售日本。日本、韩国及我国台湾省是全球金枪鱼捕捞的主要国家和地区，捕捞保鲜作业方式有：冰鲜延绳钓、竿钓、超低温延绳钓、围网等。我国大陆从上世纪八十年代中期才开始介入全球金枪鱼捕捞的竞争之中，作业渔场主要在太平洋、     

渔船的特点及其避让方法

我国沿海有许多著名的渔场，如舟山群岛渔场、吕泗渔场、渤海渔场及石岛渔场等，在鱼汛期间，渔船群集渔场，这对来往行驶的商船是一个很大的威胁，因而经常发生商船与渔船碰撞或损坏渔具有事故，作为商船驾驶员应全面掌握渔船的特点、作业方式及应显示的号灯号型，从而采取正确，及时的避让方法。     

金枪鱼围网船围网设备及系统的研究与应用

为了满足国家"提高船舶自主创新能力","发展远洋渔业和海上贮藏加工技术与设备","重点研究开发大型远洋渔业船舶"的发展规划,完成国家863项目目标,根据金枪鱼的习性特点,借鉴国际上已有的金枪鱼围网船,开发出符合中国国情、具有自主知识产权的大型金枪鱼围网渔船。同时完成了捕捞设备的研究与应用,填补了国内在此领域的空白。本文详细介绍了围网作业流程,围网设备及系统的形式、布置、性能参数、控制方式及在围网作业中的作用。     

远洋金枪鱼渔船动力装置探讨

本文结合３００总纯远洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔船动力装置设计，对诸如航行作业工况，推进装置型式、柴油机型式、捕捞机械型式和制冷型式等问题进行了分析讨论，并提出了远洋金枪鱼延绳渔船动力装置的合理方案。     

渔船编队规划模型

船舶编队规划通常归属于线性规划，用单纯形法求解，但对渔船，可能因渔场资源的可捕获量与各渔船年捕获量不匹配，而导致无解。本文提出，对这类问题可以先用匈牙利法求解，以得到渔场资源可捕获量多或少于渔船年捕获量的信息。根据此信息可以处理单纯形法的约束方程组中等式和不等式的关系，从而求出使目标函数值为最小的解。     

海上遇险渔船救助问题与应对措施

东部沿海渔场,是东北亚地区通往全球各地的重要海上运输要道,船舶通航密度大,受寒潮大风、雾气和台风的影响,渔场气候环境较为复杂。渔船船身较小,作业范围大,距离岸边远,设备落后,渔民的操作水平和安全意识较低,应对各类突发灾害能力不强,致使渔船的危险和海上突发状况频繁发生。渔业安全管理形势越来越严峻,对渔船海上救助工作的要求也不断提高。     

围网渔船船型和渔机液压系统的优选

本文在对围网渔船的作业方式、渔机液压系统的使用进行分析的基础上，对围网渔船的船型选择、渔机液压系统的采用提出了建议。     

双排桩支护结构在港区护岸工程中的应用

介绍双排桩支护结构应用与瑞安市东山埠渔港下埠港区护岸工程实例,该结构有效地避免基坑开挖对周边建筑物影响。对桩长、排距、粘聚力、内摩擦角及地面荷载等主要设计参数进行阐述,并采用理正深基坑支护计算软件对结构进行稳定性验算,结果表明各指标均满足规范要求。     

Grouper Culture: An Option for Grouper Management in Indonesia

Strong market demand, combined with the high price of live groupers for live food fish, aquarium fish, and grouper farming, has been enticing all participants in the live reef fish trade (LRFT) network in Asian countries to exploit more live groupers, resulting in an alarming situation regarding groupers in the wild. The current destructive fishing methods that are used to catch live groupers, the fishery's potential for overexploitation, and its impact to both fishers and consumers have raised many concerns among environmentalists, live grouper businesspeople, and the grouper fishers on the need to wisely manage the grouper resources in the wild. Introducing grouper culture looks promising as an option for grouper management.     

基于BP神经网络的渔港评估指标体系简化

为使渔港管理部门在进行渔港初步评估时节省人力、物力,对渔港评估指标体系进行简化,应用BP神经网络进行渔港评估。简化后的指标体系繁简适中,科学合理,结果符合实际,可供有关部门对渔港进行管理决策时参考。     

一种简易的拖网渔船主要参数的优化法

本文研究编制了确定拖网渔船鱼舱容积、主机功率、主尺度和方形系数的计算机优化程序,并简述了优化法运用于渔船方案设计时的原理和步骤。以底拖网渔船为例,用吨鱼成本和资金回收率作为经济目标函数,借助电子计算机,通过多方案的比较,能迅速有效地确定满足渔场作业情况最经济的鱼舱容积、主机功率、主尺度和方形系数。     

Global Fish Trade,Prices, and Food Security in an African Coral Reef Fishery

This study evaluated the potential impact of global fish trade on local food prices by analyzing a 16-year locally collected time series of disaggregated coral reef fish products and prices that differed in their market chain linkages—ranging from local to international markets. We were primarily interested in evaluating how local and global markets interacted with the local prices of beef, fish, and maize. There was no cointegration between the prices of exported octopus and that of maize and beef over this study period. Further, the three types of fish and associated markets responded in different ways to various price changes. For internationally traded octopus, we found a positive association between price and catch rates but no evidence that the global trade in octopus markets created local inflation, particularly the prices of the fish eaten by the poor. In general, there was no evidence for price transmission from export to nonexport fish products even though fishers appeared to focus on octopus when prices were high. Consequently, fishers' behaviors and trade policies that promote adjusting fishing effort to internationally traded fish did not appear to promote poverty or food insecurity in this fishery.     

Local Level Fisheries Management in Diani-Chale,Kenya: Current Status and Future Directions

The current regime of fisheries management and the prospects for attaining a more locally oriented, collaborative system of fisheries management in Diani-Chale, Kenya are examined. At present fisheries management in Diani-Chale is characterized by diminished government capacity for regulation, weakened local institutions, and little ability to exert control over the use of fisheries. Local level management requires the development and use of local institutions that can govern the use of fishery resources. The fish landing sites used by fishers and their associated fishing grounds were identified to be at the appropriate level for resolving fishery management issues. A more formal role for these entities, the clarification of fishing ground tenure and access rights, and support for the development and enforcement of local fishing rules can further local management. The socioeconomic condition of fishers, their fear of losing landing sites, and the continued perception of the imposition of a marine reserve pose barriers to initiatives seeking to further local level management.     

厦门港刘五店港区翔安隧道水下爆破参数的确定

主要研究水下钻孔爆破对已建隧道、水工码头的影响,及其安全防护;研究水下钻孔爆破对白海豚、渔业的影响及其安全保护;通过研究水下爆破震波的特点,借鉴类似工程的经验,提出本项目对隧道、码头结构、白海豚等海洋鱼类安全的爆破控制参数计算值,确定本项目一次允许齐爆的最大药量为107.6kg。     

用于传统式近岸渔业平台的太阳能利用研究（英文）

In order to introduce clean environment and sustainable energy to traditional coastal fishing community, the objective of this study is to encourage the Indonesian traditional coastal fishing community to use green and renewable energy in their fishing activities. Introducing solar power as the main source of energy for fish-attracting lights and boat propulsion can reduce the use of fossil fuels, and sustain clean and healthy environment. As the world's largest archipelago, Indonesia accounts for a high percentage of traditional fishing communities spread out along its islands. This fishing communities use various traditional fishing boats, and platforms. The fishing platforms are usually made of bamboo and placed on top of supporting structures on the seabed. Diesel electric generators are used to obtain electricity needed for lighting to attract the fish at night, and as the source of power for lifting the fishing net. The structure and fuel used are neither environmentally friendly nor clean; thus, an innovation is introduced. Traditional fishing practices using a fishing platform were studied, including the common size of the platform and the power needed for the fishing light. Based on the gathered information, this study proposes a catamaran vessel with a special top structure designed for fish lifting outfitting, and equipped with photovoltaic solar cells as the energy source for the fishing lights and vessel propulsion. Through this innovative break through, the vessel can be moved to the shore and will not be a threat to ship navigation and the environment. Furthemore, powered by clean and sustainable energy, the vessel can be directed to the best fishing ground.     

Initiatives in Philippine Coastal Management: An Overview

Standardized and free-format questionnaires on the state of coastal management were fielded to coastal management practitioners during three workshops and a national feedback and recommendation workshop. The most commonly cited responses were identified for each of 13 political regions and overall trends were identified. Management frameworks frequently included research, community organizing, education, livelihood, resource enhancement, resource protection, regulation, and networking components. Gender issues, documentation, and infrastructure investment were rare. The most commonly perceived environmental problem was illegal/ destructive fishing and its associated overfishing and low fish catch. The most commonly cited socioeconomic problem was the inadequacy of law enforcement. The best monitored variables were usually those related to environmental management: status and change of habitats, resources, and degree of enforcement/patrolling activities. The most common nonregulatory enhancement, aside from environmental education (which is the most popular), was mangrove reforestation. In terms of regulations, the majority of the respondents have reportedly formulated an integrated coastal management plan. In practice, regulating destructive and illegal fishing practices and then the establishment of fish sanctuaries are the next most implemented. The most popular quality-of-life enhancement strategies focused on the improvement of sustainable fishing as a livelihood and on a variety of supplementary livelihoods. The most usual institutional intervention being implemented was the setting up of local community people's organizations. Major factors which may influence success or failure of coastal management and recommendations on research, community organizing and livelihood, legislation and policies, implementation and coordination, and networking are also summarized.     

株洲枢纽隔板式鱼道设计

为消除枢纽大坝对鱼类造成的不利影响,改善流域鱼类的栖息环境,恢复鱼类资源多样性及稳定性,需要科学设计过鱼设施、为鱼类提供洄游通道。隔板式鱼道作为普遍选用的过鱼设施形式,具有节能、结构稳定、占地少、连续过鱼等优点,但由于其结构复杂,设计难度较大。结合国外鱼道设计研究成果和国内类似工程实际经验,以株洲枢纽鱼道为背景,详述隔板式鱼道的设计要点,具体包括鱼道运行水位、设计水流速度、槽身尺寸等重要参数的设计,可为类似工程提供参考。