船型参数对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准影响研究

骑浪/横甩是IMO船舶第二代完整稳性的五种失效模式之一,是一种基于概率的稳性衡准,制定规范的目的是更有效地保障船舶在实海域中的航行安全,确保不发生稳性失效情况.本研究中,以IMO有关成员国提出的最新版骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准草案为基础,基于自主开发的骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准校核软件,针对围网渔船开展了样船计算和比较分析,研究IMO正在制定的骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准方法对该类船型的适用情况,分析船型参数对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准的影响,为我国参与国际法规制定,提出针对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准的提案提供技术支撑和依据.     

骑浪横甩薄弱性衡准技术的发展

介绍了骑浪/横甩的物理背景,以及骑浪/横甩第一层和第二层薄弱性衡准发展过程,并分析了骑浪横甩薄弱性衡准计算方法及初步衡准,掌握骑浪横甩薄弱性衡准技术的发展现状,有助于骑浪/横甩相关技术领域的研究,为船舶第二代完整稳性的技术发展奠定基础。     

船舶骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准研究

骑浪/横甩是导致船舶在随浪或尾斜浪中发生倾覆的主要因素之一。为了准确预报船舶是否发生骑浪进而导致横甩,以SLF55/INF.15会议上美国学者提出的船舶骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准草案和IMO SDC 1/INF 8会议上美国、日本学者联合提出的薄弱性衡准草案为基础,对薄弱性衡准进行分析研究,并编制相应的骑浪/横甩判断程序;以C11船型等样船为例进行样船测试,判断是否发生横甩,并和前人的计算结果相比较,并以此验证该薄弱性衡准草案的通用性和此程序的适用性,为制定第二代完整稳性提供技术支持。     

基于Melnikov方法的船舶骑浪临界值预报研究

目前,国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定第二代完整稳性衡准横甩薄弱性衡准。横甩是船舶在波浪中三种典型倾覆现象之一,在横甩薄弱性衡准计算中,准确求解骑浪临界值是至关重要的。首先构造纵荡系统的Melnikov函数,其次求解Melnikov函数的一阶零点来确定系统的骑浪临界值。最后根据波浪中骑浪临界值的变化,计算分析横甩薄弱性衡准,为IMO横甩薄弱性衡准的制定提供技术支撑。     

喷水推进船骑浪运动建模及时域仿真

[目的]船舶骑浪/横甩是国际海事组织(IMO)新纳入船舶第二代完整稳性衡准中的5种稳性失效模式之一。针对当前规范仅适用于螺旋桨推进船的局限性,研究喷水推进船骑浪失稳的问题,为后续进一步完善规范奠定基础。[方法]基于喷水推进装置的力学模型和船舶在随浪中的一维纵荡运动方程,建立船舶骑浪运动的数学模型,利用四阶Runge-Kutta法求解模型,实现船舶时域运动仿真。以一艘高速穿浪内倾船型为例,系统性开展时域数值计算,以得出此类型船舶发生骑浪现象时的工况特点。[结果]通过数值仿真,得出了目标船舶在第二代完整稳性衡准要求的波浪工况范围内的预报结果:Fr=0.4时,有80.9%的工况发生骑浪;Fr=0.3时,骑浪发生比例降至59.4%。[结论]研究成果既可为喷水推进船的骑浪/横甩稳性评估提供理论模型和数值分析的手段,也可用于对此类型船舶进行稳性安全评估。     

船舶骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准研究综述

随着计算机技术的高速发展和数值模拟技术的不断进步,将水动力学的最新研究成果用于船舶第二代完整稳性薄弱性衡准的研究已成为热点,在船舶设计领域引起广泛关注。而骑浪/横甩是船舶在随浪和尾斜浪中航行时发生倾覆的主要原因之一,具有显著的动力特性,直接影响着航行安全;因此,首先对船舶骑浪/横甩的发生机理、研究的关键问题进行归纳和总结,然后对船舶骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准进行分析和评价,最后对船舶骑浪/横甩的国内外研究进展进行评述。其研究成果能为制定第二代船舶完整稳性提供有益的借鉴。     

纯稳性丧失和瘫船稳性薄弱性衡准实船验证分析

国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定第二代完整稳性衡准,并计划于2019年开始强制实施.该稳性衡准涵盖了5种稳性失效模式:参数横摇、纯稳性丧失、过度加速度、瘫船稳性和骑浪/横甩.衡准评估由薄弱性衡准和稳性直接评估组成.本文采用实际运营的4艘油船和3艘渔政船对最新草案中纯稳性丧失和瘫船稳性的薄弱性衡准进行了计算,分析了第一层和第二层薄弱性衡准的一致性,为纯稳性丧失和瘫船稳性薄弱性衡准的制定提供参考.     

第二代完整稳性衡准的研究进展及评估方法综述

文章对IMO第二代完整稳性衡准的发展作了简要的介绍,对第二代完整稳性中的参数横摇、纯稳性丧失、瘫船稳性、骑浪/横甩以及过度加速等五种稳性失效模式的研究进展进行了综述,同时给出了该五种稳性失效模式的第一层薄弱性衡准、第二层薄弱性衡准以及直接评估方法,可供船舶设计人员参考。     

第二代完整稳性第一层薄弱性衡准解读及在液化气船上的实船验证分析

国际海事组织(IMO)正在研究制定第二代完整稳性衡准,采用多层评估办法,以建立主要动力稳性失效模式下的船舶设计最低标准。通过对最新提出的第一层薄弱性衡准建议方案深入解读,运用NAPA软件,对液化气船的纯稳性丧失、参数横摇以及骑浪/横甩三个衡准进行实船验证分析。     

IMO第二代完整稳性骑浪/横甩评估软件研发

国际海事组织(IMO)目前正在制定的第二代完整稳性衡准将对我国船舶工业产生重大影响。针对衡准草案中的骑浪/横甩这一稳性失效模式展开了研究,参考新一代完整稳性的衡准技术框架,采用三层结构提出了一个系统的骑浪/横甩评估体系。为方便用户能更直观清晰地完成整个稳性评估过程,开发了IMO第二代完整稳性骑浪/横甩评估软件,着重对第二层衡准的评判进行了阐述与探讨,并以一条远洋围网渔船为例对软件进行了展示。所开发出的评估软件具有一定的实用价值,为国内船舶工业界应对IMO第二代完整稳性新规范要求提供了相应的技术支撑。     

Broaching prediction of a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders

The new intact stability criteria which are under development at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are required to cover a broaching phenomenon, well known as a great threat to high-speed vessels which can lead to capsizing. Some reports exist which demonstrate that their numerical models can predict a highly nonlinear phenomenon of broaching. However, additional validation studies are needed for unconventional vessels, in addition to conventional ones, to develop direct stability assessment methods for the new intact stability criteria. In this research, we selected as the subject ship a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders, a design expected to be one of a new generation of high-speed monohull ships. Firstly, a series of captive model tests were conducted to measure the resistance, the manoeuvring forces, the wave-exciting forces, the heel-induced hydrodynamic forces, and the roll restoring variation for the unconventional tumblehome vessel. Secondly, the existing mathematical model which had been developed for broaching prediction of conventional vessels with a single propeller and a single rudder was extended to unconventional vessels with twin propellers and twin rudders. Finally, comparisons between numerical simulations and the existing free running model experiments were conducted. As a result, it was demonstrated that fair quantitative prediction of broaching is realised when the rudder force variation, the roll restoring variation and the heel-induced hydrodynamic force for large heel angles are taken into account.     

Qualitative aspects of nonlinear ship motions in following and quartering seas with high forward velocity

By utilizing a four-degrees-of-freedom numerical model with dense grids of control parameters and the sudden-change concept, the qualitative aspects of the nonlinear motions of a fishing vessel complying with the International Maritime Organization's intact stability criteria in following and quartering seas were intensively explored. As a result, capsizing due to broaching, capsizing without broaching, broaching without capsizing, stable surf-riding, and steady periodic motion were identified. The natures of the boundaries of these motions in the control parameter plane were investigated, and the effects of the initial conditions and the nonlinearity of calm-water maneuvering forces are also discussed. Furthermore, comparisons with a model experiment showed that the numerical model used here qualitatively explains capsizing phenomena, but quantitatively overestimates the danger of capsizing. Received: June 11, 2001 / Accepted: October 9, 2001     

Numerical prediction of the surf-riding threshold of a ship in stern quartering waves in the light of bifurcation theory

In order to develop design and operational criteria to be used at the International Maritime Organization (IMO), critical conditions for broaching are explored in the light of bifurcation analysis. Since surf-riding, which is a prerequisite to broaching, can be regarded as a heteroclinic bifurcation, one of global bifurcations, of a surge-sway-yaw-roll model in quartering waves, the relevant bifurcation condition is formulated with a rigorous mathematical background. Then an efficient numerical solution procedure suitable for tracing the surf-riding threshold hypersurface is presented with successful examples. This deals with all state and control variables in parallel, and excludes backward time integration and an orthogonal condition in the iteration process. The bifurcation conditions identified were compared with the results from a direct numerical simulation in the time domain. As a result, it was confirmed that the heteroclinic bifurcation provides a boundary between motions periodically overtaken by waves and nonperiodic motions such as surf-riding and broaching.     

船舶骑浪运动的分叉研究

在纵荡运动模型的基础上,应用非线性动力学理论对骑浪产生的机理进行了研究,确认了骑浪运动是一个从周期运动到骑浪的过程,其中经历了两次分叉.给出了导致骑浪发生的危险临界参数值,以及周期运动和骑浪运动区域划分.     

第二代完整稳性衡准直接评估方法研究

国际海事组织(IMO)船舶建造和设计委员会(SDC)4次会议把第二代完整稳性衡准直接评估方法提上议程,本文针对第二代完整稳性衡准的五种稳性失效模式——参数横摇、纯稳性丧失、骑浪/横甩、瘫船稳性和过度加速度,分别给出了直接评估的水动力原则性要求,然后针对这些水动力要求进行了分析,并给出了具体的数学模型.最后结合已有的计算结果对直接评估方法的可行性进行了分析,为二代稳性直接评估软件的开发和应用奠定了基础.     

IMO第二代完整稳性骑浪横甩衡准规范研究

本文针对国际海事组织(IMO)目前正在制定的第二代完整稳性衡准中的骑浪/横甩稳性失效模式展开了研究,详细阐述了最新的衡准草案规范并编制了计算程序。在此基础上,以一条远洋渔船为例,开展了静水阻力拖航试验,研究了规范中所涉及的输入参数对于衡准校核结果的影响,包括静水阻力、螺旋桨推力系数等。结果表明,静水阻力数据对于校核结果的影响很大,而螺旋桨推力系数等的影响则较小。本研究对于IMO确立该衡准规范具有参考价值,对于船舶设计人员也有一定的指导意义。     

On the Parametric Resonance of Tumblehome Hullforms in a Longitudinal Seaway

This work presents a numerical study of the influence of topside shape on parametric roll in longitudinal seas. The ONR 3 Topsides hulls are used to compare the single degree-of-freedom rolling response of a destroyer-sized vessel with flared (model 5613), tumblehome (model 5613-1), and wallsided (model 5613-2) shapes above the waterline. Through this relative comparison, the key aspects of parametric resonance of a tumblehome hullform are highlighted, namely the reduction in head seas forward speed required to encounter parametric roll. A variant on the Mathieu equation is used to simulate roll motions.