港航经济回顾与展望

<正>回顾2013年,可以清晰地发现,中国航运业的旗舰——中国远洋在逐步摆脱困境,尽管还不是弹冠相庆之时,但摆脱"*ST"已是大概率事件。另一个让航运业在黑夜里看到希望的是国际航运总供给与总需求的差距正在缩小,集装箱运价和散货运价都在上涨;上海自由贸易试验区的建立,不但为中国区域经济进一步的贸易化、便利化、自由化提供了强劲动力,也为港口和航运经济摆脱金融危机提供了动力。最后,十八届三中全会更是为中国港口和航运的未来发展提供了政策保障。     

中国航运市场准入政策

航运业在中国是国民经济活动的一个组成部分,对经济发展起着重要作用,中国的总体航运政策是根据国家经济发展战略制定的,而有关航运市场准入方面的政策主要来自于国家的外商投资政策。自1978年实行对外开放以来,中国的航运业也在不断地进行改革,市场正朝着越来越开放的方向发展。     

偏向自由化的航运政策符合国情

作者从理论和实证角度阐述了自由化航运政策对中国航运发展的重要影响。本刊欢迎广大读者就文中观点发表看法，以共同完善我国航运政策，推动航运发展。[编者按]     

国有大型航运企业经营战略的若干问题

国际航运业作为全球贸易的主要运输方式,其经营和发展受到经济活动的严格制约。特别是在经济全球化和自由化趋势日益加深的当今社会,世界经济、贸易的细微变化都会直接、迅速地对航运业产生影响。1929年的全球性经济大萧条、1973年的石油危机、1997年的东南亚金融危机等重大的经济动荡都使航运业首当其冲地受到威胁和重创,充分体现了航运业的高风险性特征。正是由于这种动荡沉浮的历程,使航运业更加趋于理性和成熟,形成了全球性统一规范的经营运作和法规条约体系。 中国作为世界航运大国,其航运业目前面临着前所未有的特殊的国际国内环境,这种特定的宏观背景对代表中国航运业主流的国有大型倒际航运企业来说,     

苏州市航运业发展现状与对策

为充分利用苏州市得天独厚的航运资源,推动航运业转型升级,实现"水运复兴",从苏州市航运业发展历程和现状入手,通过苏州市航运业发展优劣势分析,参考国内外航运发展的经验,结合本地实际情况,从培育规模航运企业、提供航运金融支持、发展航运服务、鼓励地货地运等方面提出苏州市航运业发展政策需求,给出苏州市航运业发展对策。     

航海碳税与我国航运业绿色发展道路

分析欧盟的航海碳税政策对我国航运业的影响,主要体现在:航运企业直接成本和管理成本增加;船舶大小的选择受到限制;船舶燃料技术及相关设备的应用;碳排放测定方法和标准及航运业政策导向发生变化。提出我国航运业绿色发展道路的对策:科学管理,兼顾航运成本和绿色发展;积极研发船舶新燃料技术,进行设备升级;整合航运企业,布局我国航运业新结构态势;适应全球新形势,制定绿色航运政策和法规。     

基于中国航运景气指数的中国航运业发展趋势

在简要介绍中国航运景气指数体系的原理及构成的基础上，结合我国航运发展的实际需要，根据中国航运景气指数体系4大指数的不同特性，以近期我国航运业的发展态势为例，分析中国航运景气指数的使用方法及意义，并对我国航运业的未来发展趋势作出预测。     

海运自由化趋势下航运企业管理体系探析

随着航运市场自由化步伐的加快,我国航运业的开放度也日趋扩大,毋庸置疑,航运市场的竞争也必然更加激烈.在这种情形下,我国航运企业的生存和发展都面临严峻挑战.     

2009中国航运企业年会在沪召开

1月13日，适逢航运业低谷的“2009中国航运企业年会”在沪开幕。本次大会以共同研究及探讨航运低谷中我国航运产业的发展策略，预测2009年国内外经贸与航运发展趋势，传递政府主管部门政策动向为宗旨，总结国内外航运企业经营管理经验，促进航运业相关领域资源的整合，提升航运企业竞争力为目标。     

印度的航运与船舶工业

作为航运大国的印度,有着巨大的海运潜力和充足的人力资源。近些年来,随着国际航运业的激烈竞争,印度政府采取了积极的措施,力图调整其沿续时久的国家干预政策,使自由化运输业政策为印度的整个航运以及船舶工业带来生机。新的政策为业内人士带来不少优惠和便利条件。贸易在一定程度上得到促进,但新的政策又带出了一系列的新问题。在改革大潮中,印度的政策和企业又是如何应对的呢?本文将详细介绍印度的船舶及航运业的现状,以供我国的相关部门参考。     

Polish shipping and shipping policy

Following a period of about 120 years, when external political pressures prevented Poland from engaging in maritime commercial activities, the end of World War I marked an important epoch in Poland's maritime history. Although the Peace Treaties gave Poland access to the sea and the right to use Gdansk, it was not until 1926, when Poland's first shipping company was established and Poland's new port of Gdynia opened, that her new status as a maritime country was fashioned. This paper traces the development of Polish shipping from 1918 to the present time; discusses the factors related to Poland's problems in the sphere of international maritime transport; and outlines Poland's present shipping policy.     

Polish shipping and shipping policy

Following a period of about 120 years, when external political pressures prevented Poland from engaging in maritime commercial activities, the end of World War I marked an important epoch in Poland's maritime history. Although the Peace Treaties gave Poland access to the sea and the right to use Gdansk, it was not until 1926, when Poland's first shipping company was established and Poland's new port of Gdynia opened, that her new status as a maritime country was fashioned. This paper traces the development of Polish shipping from 1918 to the present time; discusses the factors related to Poland's problems in the sphere of international maritime transport; and outlines Poland's present shipping policy.     

航运

长江运输船呈大型化趋势；上海航运配套设施待完善；武汉巨资打造长江航运中心；四川加快建设“一横两纵”；长江“数字航道”初见规模；益芦航运工程年内开工；长江上演罕见大堵船；长江开通“快速通道”。     

航运

巴拿马运河扩建进一步落实；IMAREX推出新货运期权合约；我国沿海运输实行新规则；长江航运“瓶颈”被打破；沪内河禁运剧毒化学品；青岛巨资建国际航运中心。[编者按]     

航运

浙江巨资投向内河航道建设；上海大规模整治内河航道；云南加速开发金沙江航运；长江水运总量居世界首位；三峡过闸实现24小时申报；长三角船舶正式实施一卡通；三峡库区为农民开通“绿卡”；[编者按]     

The Nigerian shipping industry and indigenous shipping companies

The shipping industry in Nigeria since the early 1990s has been experiencing a continuous disastrous downturn. Nigerian shipping companies' participation in international shipping has continued to be very limited. Their presence and impact is hardly felt in the world's shipping industry. Both the national carriers (that is shipping companies with national carrier status) and other indigenous private shipping companies have vessel as well as management problems. These problems have led to the poor performance of the Nigerian shipping industry for over a decade now. The carriers in the industry are not attaining for the country the gains that are supposed to emanate from shipping. This paper points out the importance of shipping to a nation, identifies the problems the country's shipping companies are facing and proffers solutions that include merging of the companies to have strong financial standing and a competitive edge.     

Ocean shipping deregulation restructures the liner shipping industry

Significant pro-competitive changes were made to the Shipping Act by the Ocean Shipping Reform Act (OSRA). The most notable of these was the shift away from public tariffs and publicly available contract rates to confidential rates using individually negotiated service contracts. The number of individual member service contracts has risen dramatically since OSRA went into effect in 1999. These statistics support the argument that OSRA was able to bring more competition to the industry. However, the theory and empirical evidence of the Act’s success in improving the performance of the liner industry serving the Transatlantic and Transpacific trade routes, which are two major trunk roads subject to the jurisdiction of the US, are not so compelling. This article employs the theory of joint product to assess the impact of OSRA on the shipping market structure and competition of two major east–west arteries after 1999. This article considers head haul and backhaul container shipments as joint products. Two simple statistical equations are derived to reinterpret Smith’s condition of joint product. The empirical results confirm that the market structure of Transatlantic and Transpacific trade lanes are competitive.     

新型海运模式——高速集装箱船运输

多年来，全球现代物流业的参与者都在寻求解决国际贸易高速增长中运输速度的瓶颈问题的可行方案。在高科技的推动下，高速集装箱船向人们展示了海洋运输模式的革命性进化。高速集装箱船的船速约为普通集装箱船船速度的2倍（最低30kn），它可以以平均38kn的航速跨越北大西洋，港到港运输耗时100h（包括10h的缓冲时间）。     

Valuation mismatch and shipping q indicator for shipping asset management

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to develop an adaptation of the Tobin Q investment model for the shipping asset management in order to monitor valuation mismatch and bubble pricing of shipping assets. In this circumstance, the market prices of various shipping assets (e.g., Capesize or Panamax dry bulk carriers in different age profiles) are compared to the measured long-term asset value with second-hand ship prices. The mark-to-market prices of shipping assets are led by current market trends and freight rates, while the long-term asset value is estimated by using past data under certain assumptions (mean reversion, trend reversion). The discrepancy between market prices and the long-term nominal value of a shipping asset reflects any mispricing, which in turn sheds light on investment timing and market entry-exit decision.     

千呼万唤千方百计发展内河航运

内河航运是既古老而又生机无限的运输方式.在中华民族五千年的历史长河中,它曾为国家统一、经济发展、社会进步、文明传播发挥过巨大作用.现在中央作出"实施西部大开发战略,加快中西部发展"的重大决策,这是新的历史时期内河航运实现新发展难得的历史机遇.抓住机遇,制定符合我国经济发展需要的内河航运发展战略,事不宜迟.