集装箱码头岸桥与集卡装卸协作优化*

岸桥与集卡是集装箱港口装卸过程中的重要机械, 其配置情况关系到整个港口的作业效率。为了提高集装箱码头的作业效率,针对集装箱在码头堆场分区堆放的情况和码头泊位装卸作业的状态要求,考虑了岸桥作业时间和集卡运输时间,提出了集装箱码头集卡与岸桥协作优化模型,该模型以总时间最小为目标。算例结果表明,该模型为码头集装箱装卸作业优化问题提供了决策支持。     

基于无人集卡的自动化集装箱码头仿真研究

随着汽车自动驾驶技术与港口应用场景的深度融合,自动化集装箱码头装卸工艺系统方案呈现多样性。本文依托无人集卡运输方式,通过建立自动化集装箱码头装卸工艺系统仿真模型,结合码头相关运营模块,从岸桥装卸效率、集卡运输能力、码头整体交通流和闸口通过能力等四个方面进行仿真,以验证装卸工艺方案的合理性。     

集装箱码头安全管理实践——以上海浦东国际集装箱码头为例

1集装箱码头作业特点(1)作业机械化现代集装箱码头的岸边装卸、水平搬运、堆场进提箱等作业均已全面实现机械化。通过岸桥、轮胎吊、集卡、正面吊等专用设备,集装箱码头可实现快速、高效、连续作业。通常情况下,3000~4000TEU集装箱船舶最快可在靠泊码头后的24h内完成装卸作业,装卸效率远远高于传统散货船的装卸效率。     

两艘大型集装箱船舶同时装卸下集卡配置研究

利用仿真软件AnyLogic,建立集装箱港区生产作业仿真模型,模拟码头前沿装卸作业、港内集卡水平运输作业、堆场装卸作业以及港外集卡提送箱作业。以某集装箱港区为例,研究大型集装箱船舶同时靠泊装卸情况,选取船舶在港时间、集卡单次装卸作业等待时间等指标,为提高集装箱港区整体装卸作业效率,就内卡调度方式、配置数量给出建议。     

船舶岸电系统在集装箱码头的应用

靠港船舶岸电系统具有可以减少污染物排放和提高能源利用率的优点,正在我国港口大力推广。为探讨岸电系统在集装箱码头的应用前景,以大窑湾北岸某集装箱码头为例,利用仿真模型核算多种情景下2020年大窑湾北岸集装箱码头船舶使用岸电前后的碳排放量,并分析不同装卸效率对船舶的碳排放的影响。结果表明,集装箱码头使用岸电系统可实现低碳效益,提高装卸效率有利于船舶碳排放的减少,但应考虑提高装卸效率会引起装卸机械碳排放增加。     

基于多智能体仿真的自动化集装箱码头合理通过能力研究

针对自动化集装箱码头泊位合理通过能力评估问题,基于多智能体仿真建立采用"双小车岸桥(DTQC)+自动导引车(AGV)+自动化轨道吊(ARMG)"工艺的自动化集装箱码头装卸作业模型,对顺岸布置的自动化码头通过能力与码头服务水平、泊位数量之间的关系进行研究。仿真结果表明:码头服务水平(AWTAST)与泊位通过能力呈明显负相关关系,且在一定码头服务水平下,泊位合理通过能力随顺岸式码头泊位数量的增加显著提高。基于仿真结果进行公式拟合,提出了自动化集装箱码头的泊位合理通过能力估算方法,可以为自动化集装箱码头规划与运营提供决策支持。     

集装箱码头新型岸桥装卸系统仿真分析

利用Arena软件建立了包括4种新型岸桥和水平运输车辆的码头装卸系统仿真模型。仿真分析了4种新型岸桥装卸系统在不同设备配置工况下的装卸效率,岸桥与车辆的合理配比,岸桥与行车参数的影响趋势。研究成果可为集装箱码头新型岸桥装卸系统的选型和车辆配置提供参考。     

岸桥快速应急移机新方案

岸边桥式集装箱起重机(以下简称岸桥)作为集装箱船的专业装卸设备在全球现代化集装箱港口得到广泛应用。岸桥的长时间使用极有可能导致岸桥出现故障。由于排查时间长、待件、维修工序复杂等原因,维修故障岸桥可能需要岸桥在作业过程     

集装箱堆场箱区长度对码头作业效率的影响

通过分析集装箱码头作业流程,提出通过合理布置堆场箱区长度来提高码头作业效率的思路。基于计算机仿真技术,构建集装箱码头生产作业系统仿真模型,并通过案例研究堆场箱区长度及装卸设备数量对码头作业效率的影响。仿真结果表明：装卸设备数量不同时,最高的码头作业效率对应的箱区长度不同;且利用构建的仿真模型可以定量分析箱区长度及装卸设备数量对码头作业效率的影响,为集装箱码头规划和运营管理提供技术支持。     

集卡调度方式对集装箱港区碳排放的影响

集卡已成为集装箱港区内的主要碳排放源,尤其两艘大型集装箱船舶同时作业时,港区内集卡碳排放问题严重。针对该情况下集卡调度模式的特征,基于智能体仿真技术构建集装箱码头生产作业微观仿真模型,定量分析传统先卸后装、双船一装一卸、同贝同步装卸工艺下集卡调度方式与集卡配置数量对船舶在港时间、集卡碳排放量的影响。实例表明,采用同贝同步装卸作业方案可保证装卸效率,并有效减少集卡碳排放,而集卡配置数量只对集卡怠速行驶产生的碳排产生影响。     

Incorporating container location dispersion into evaluating GCR performance at a transhipment terminal

The degree of container dispersion at a transhipment terminal is measured by an index termed container location dispersion, which represents the range, both horizontal and vertical, of all containers for ship loading that are scattered in the yard. First, this paper identifies the impacts of container location dispersion on loading performance with insufficient or sufficient equipment deployment in real-life settings at a terminal. Then, we investigate those scenarios with different levels of interference. This research aims to explore the relationship between the container location dispersion and Gross Crane Rate (GCR) stability at a transhipment terminal and proposes a discrete-event driven simulation model for this purpose. All data in our experiments are extracted from the terminal operation system at a real-life container terminal. It is concluded from a series of experiments that the container location dispersion well captures the overall performance of container terminal handling and can be used for yard template optimization and management. Implications of this investigation are discussed in the context of the yard template design and improvement in the overall performance of a container transhipment terminal.     

基于Flex Term软件的集装箱码头仿真试验

为提升集装箱码头装卸效率、降低码头运营成本,以国内某已建集装箱码头为研究对象,利用Flex Term软件,建立码头的仿真模型,实现了码头船舶调度、堆场分配、集卡进出闸口控制的仿真逻辑,并完成码头泊位计划、堆场计划、闸口计划的合理衔接。通过仿真数据统计与分析,对码头的通过能力、设备配置、道路交通状况进行评价,验证了码头设计的合理性。     

Modeling yard crane operators as reinforcement learning agents

Due to the importance of drayage operations, operators at marine container terminals are increasingly looking to reduce the time a truck spends at the terminal to complete a transaction. This study introduces an agent-based approach to model yard cranes for the analysis of truck turn time. The objective of the model is to solve the yard crane scheduling problem (i.e. determining the sequence of drayage trucks to serve to minimize their waiting time). It is accomplished by modeling the yard crane operators as agents that employ reinforcement learning; specifically, q-learning. The proposed agent-based, q-learning model is developed using Netlogo. Experimental results show that the q-learning model is very effective in assisting the yard crane operator to select the next best move. Thus, the proposed q-learning model could potentially be integrated into existing yard management systems to automate the truck selection process and thereby improve yard operations.     

A fuzzy AHP decision support system for selecting yard cranes in marine container terminals

One of the most important issues that planners and developers of ports have to address at the planning process of container terminals is how to effectively optimize truck turnaround times. The time that a truck spends at a container terminal for loading and/or unloading of cargo is a real cost scenario which affects not only the smooth operation of ports but also the overall cost of the container trade. The main objective of this article is to provide a decision support tool for selecting the best container yard gantry crane for loading/discharging operation of trucks at the landside of marine container terminals. Achieving this goal, this study aims at introducing and recommending the multiple attribute decision-making and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process models that have been proven to provide a concrete basis for such a selection decision.     

场桥防吊拖架系统

场桥在作业过程中把拖车车架吊起的事故时有发生 ,此类事故引起的后果严重。防吊拖架系统在场桥上的应用 ,很好地解决了这一问题。     

同贝位同步装卸的集装箱码头装卸工艺与堆场平面布置*

为了适应集装箱船舶大型化的发展趋势,提高集装箱码头装卸效率,结合同贝位装卸作业的特点,提出进出口箱同贝位堆放的新型堆场堆放策略,设计同贝同步装卸的岸边及堆场装卸工艺。运用系统仿真技术,仿真研究堆场设备选型问题,为集装箱码头实施同贝同步装卸提供技术依据。     

基于仿真的集装箱堆场大门规划

通过山东某集装箱码头港口规划的一个实际仿真项目,分析了应用离散事件仿真方法辅助集装箱堆场大门系统规划的过程和方法.结果表明仿真方法能够较简单公式方法给出更加丰富的大门规划支持信息,从而有助于做出更加规范合理的大门规划决策.     

单箱轨距起重机自动化码头装卸工艺可行性分析

针对自动化集装箱码头堆场起重机大车作为主要工作机构导致能耗增加、效率降低等问题,研究了一种新型单箱轨距集装箱堆场起重机装卸工艺。基于Witness平台,分别建立了新工艺与经典工艺的集装箱码头仿真模型,通过计算和仿真试验对比分析了设备投资、能耗、年通过能力等技术指标。结果表明新工艺具有设备投资低、能耗低、装卸效率高等优势,对箱区间存在的作业干扰问题提出了相应的建议,为自动化集装箱码头的创新发展提供了新方向。     

轻型集装箱跨运车的开发及应用

通过整机轻型化、平顺性、防偏载等关键技术研究开发出的轻型集装箱跨运车具有显著的新颖性。该机的作业效率高于拖挂车的水平运输方案，可应用于专业集装箱码头、货场和中转站等场所。