焊接热循环对铝-铝-钢复合过渡接头性能的影响

采用正交试验法研究焊接热循环对应用于船舶铝质上层建筑与钢质船体连接的铝合金-铝-钢复合过渡接头性能的影响.试样依次采用铝合金TIG焊、MIG焊、钢MAG焊分别实现过渡接头与铝合金板材和钢板之间的焊接.复合界面剪切强度及厚度方向的抗拉强度测试结果表明:随着焊接电流的增大,过渡接头的性能明显下降,三种工艺方法对复合板性能由主到次的影响顺序为:铝合金TIG焊>钢MAG焊>铝合金MIG焊.通过复合界面焊接温度场的测定,分析了复合界面峰值温度与复合板性能之间的关系,结果显示:为满足船舶结构设计的要求,焊接热循环在铝-铝-钢过渡接头复合界面上产生的峰值温度不宜超过300℃.     

铝合金表面状态对搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能的影响

研究了铝合金表面状态对搅拌摩擦焊焊接接头组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明:试板表面油污的存在使得焊接接头强度下降为母材的60%左右,同时显著降低接头的塑性;试板表面的氧化膜和油污还会造成焊核区及焊缝前进侧的残余间混结合线缺陷。对焊接接头拉伸断口进行扫描电镜观察发现:拉伸试样的断口中存在油污和A l2O3的聚集物,这些聚集物会成为拉伸时的裂纹源。断口和力学性能综合分析表明:铝合金表面的油污和氧化膜都会降低搅拌摩擦焊接头的强度和塑性。     

铝/镀锌钢板CMT点塞焊的组织及力学性能研究

以ER4043(AlSi_5)铝合金焊丝为填充金属,采用冷金属过渡(CMT)焊接技术对镀锌钢板和6061铝合金进行搭接点塞焊试验,研究送丝速度和焊接间隙对搭接接头铺展形貌、界面显微组织和接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,CMT点塞焊过程中,送丝速度和焊接间隙对熔核直径以及铺展高度有明显影响.熔焊区由熔化区的柱状晶和热影响区的等轴晶组成,钎焊界面金属间化合物层由层状的Fe_2Al_5和针状的FeAl_3组成,富锌区由富Al的α固溶体和铝锌共晶组成.在最佳工艺参数下,焊接接头最大拉伸载荷达到2.12 kN,接头断裂集中在Fe-Al化合物层和环状富锌层处.     

铝/钢复合过渡接头焊接温度场及性能试验研究

本文通过试验方法对比研究了焊接热循环对三种应用于舰船铝合金、钢质结构连接的铝合金-钢复合过渡接头温度场及界面结合性能的影响。在前期研究的基础上,试样依次采用铝合金TIG焊、MIG焊实现过渡接头与铝合金板材之间的焊接。过渡接头复合界面的温度场及焊接前后界面结合性能测试结果表明：焊接热循环对过渡接头复合界面剪切强度及厚度方向的抗拉强度具有显著的影响。同一焊接条件下,焊接热循环在新型四层复合过渡接头界面上产生的温度峰值明显低于目前广泛应用的两种三层复合过渡接头,四层复合过渡接头焊接前后的性能也大大高于后者,即使采用小宽度焊接试样,其焊后性能仍能满足舰船设计指标要求。因此,是能满足“更高施焊温度、更大应力承载、结合界面更强和更高结构韧性”要求的新型铝合金、钢结构焊接连接用过渡接头。     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料SiC P／6066A1搅拌摩擦焊

针对熔化焊、钎焊在铝基复合材料连接中存在的问题，提出了一种新型连接方法搅拌摩擦焊。研究了颗粒增强SiC P／6066A1铝基复合材料的搅拌摩擦焊连接工艺，对焊缝成形特点、接头组织特征进行了分析探讨。研究结果表明，经过搅拌摩擦焊之后，焊缝成形良好，焊缝区晶粒细小均匀，呈弥散分布，因而，搅拌摩擦焊的接头综合性能良好。     

钢-铝合金结构过渡接头焊接工艺参数的计算确定

以结构过渡接头界面温度低于临界温度为准则，用焊接热过程理论确定临界焊接热输入，为结构过渡接头与上层建筑及主船体焊接工艺参数的计算确定提供依据；计算确定的焊接工艺参数，保证结构过渡接头焊后具有爆炸复合的原有性能。     

钢铝过渡接头的应用研究

为降低船舶的质量重心、提高航速,某型船上层建筑首次采用铝合金材料。以往铝合金材质的上层建筑与钢质主船体采用铆钉连接,现已逐渐被钢铝过渡接头所替代,其优点为采用焊接工艺、水密性好、耐腐蚀,还使得建造工艺大为简化,但在实际建造中出现了钢铝过渡接头分层的质量问题,直接影响船舶质量。对此,阐述如何从钢铝过渡接头特性出发,对钢铝过渡接头分层的原因进行分析,对钢铝过渡接头之间的焊接接头连接形式以及钢铝过渡接头与钢质主船体、铝合金上层建筑的连接形式进行优化;控制钢铝过渡接头焊接时焊点的厚度,焊接时不超过钢铝复合界面,且焊接点与钢铝复合界面的距离>3mm;控制复合界面临界温度,焊接过程中界面温度应低于临界温度,并留有安全裕度。通过优化钢铝过渡接头连接结构形式及焊接工艺规则,掌握了解决钢铝过渡接头分层原因的关键技术。     

钢铝过渡接头的应用研究

为降低船舶的质量重心、提高航速,某型船上层建筑首次采用铝合金材料。以往铝合金材质的上层建筑与钢质主船体采用铆钉连接,现已逐渐被钢铝过渡接头所替代,其优点为采用焊接工艺、水密性好、耐腐蚀,还使得建造工艺大为简化,但在实际建造中出现了钢铝过渡接头分层的质量问题,直接影响船舶质量。对此,阐述如何从钢铝过渡接头特性出发,对钢铝过渡接头分层的原因进行分析,对钢铝过渡接头之间的焊接接头连接形式以及钢铝过渡接头与钢质主船体、铝合金上层建筑的连接形式进行优化;控制钢铝过渡接头焊接时焊点的厚度,焊接时不超过钢铝复合界面,且焊接点与钢铝复合界面的距离>3mm;控制复合界面临界温度,焊接过程中界面温度应低于临界温度,并留有安全裕度。通过优化钢铝过渡接头连接结构形式及焊接工艺规则,掌握了解决钢铝过渡接头分层原因的关键技术。     

圆角半径对铝合金T型接头搅拌摩擦焊组织及性能的影响

对4 mm厚的6061-T6铝合金T型接头进行搅拌摩擦焊,研究了辅助垫块圆角半径对焊接接头组织和性能的影响.结果表明:不同的圆角半径下T型接头前进侧和和后退侧均出现了结合线缺陷,圆角半径R=1 mm时,T型接头成型较好,缺陷较少;当R=3 mm时,接头出现了结合线、Z线、隧道等缺陷.试样沿壁板方向抗拉强度相近;当R=1 mm时,T型接头沿筋板方向抗拉强度最高,为130 MPa.     

海洋钻井平台桩腿齿条板与半圆板焊接工艺试验

针对400ft钻井平台桩腿齿条板与半圆板焊接全熔透的新要求,笔者通过试验和不同施焊方法相结合的方式分析了组对间隙和清根与否等因素对Q690E试板接头根部熔深的影响。结果表明,无论采用何种焊接方法,反面清根后施焊,接头熔合状况均良好,且采用实芯焊丝比药芯焊丝接头熔深大。正面气保焊打底,反面不清根采用气保焊施焊,接头熔合不良;而反面采用埋弧焊施焊,接头可实现熔透,但工艺还有待优化,以避免结晶裂纹的产生。     

Recent research on welding distortion prediction in thin plate fabrication by means of elastic FE computation

Elastic FE simulation with inherent deformation and interface element is an ideal and practical computational approach for predicting welding distortion in production of thin plate structures. In this study, recent researches on inherent deformation theory and welding induced buckling investigation of ship panel were sequentially introduced. Taking bead-on-plate welding as research objective (plate with 2.28 mm in thickness), integration approach with inherent strain was proposed to accurately and conveniently evaluate magnitude of inherent deformation. Also, average temperature to clarify the mechanism of influential effect of plate width on magnitude of inherent deformation was presented and examined. With the mechanism investigation of welding induced buckling by elastic FE analysis using inherent deformation, an application for predicting and mitigating the welding induced buckling in fabrication of ship panel with thin plates by employing different welding procedure patterns was carried out. Examined intermittent zigzag welding procedure is effective to reduce the magnitude of in-plane inherent shrinkages and control the possible welding induced buckling.     

基于MySQL和BP神经网络的船舶焊接专家库软件研发

为提高船舶焊接试验过程中的工艺实施效率,研发一种基于MySQL和反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络的船舶焊接专家库软件。该软件由专家数据库、报表生成器、热输入值预测机、人机交互界面、通信接口组成,基于MySQL开发焊接专家数据库,基于BP神经网络设计热输入值预测机,具备自动坡口图生成、自动焊接工艺规范(Welding Procedure Specification, WPS)生成、自动专家经验数据存取等自动化功能,具备智能热输入值预测等智能功能。实船焊接试验结果表明,该软件可满足实船焊接试验需求,快速存取专家经验数据,提高焊接试验过程效率。     

复杂线型大型舷侧门建造技术研究

介绍从舷侧门技术参数、组成、建造精度要求及布置出发，分析其建造和安装难点，通过同胎架建造技术研究、焊接变形控制技术研究、以及铰链眼板轴孔同心度控制技术研究，制定舷侧门建造工艺流程，达到提升舷侧门建造效率和质量，减少坞内高空作业风险，提高舷侧门安装后与复杂线型船体外板的吻合度，从而确保船体外板的水密性能和船体美观。     

基于固有变形的船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形的数值分析

在船用钢薄板的焊接过程中,不但会产生常见的焊接变形,也有可能产生焊接失稳变形。本文以焊缝的固有变形为依据,阐明船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形产生的内在机理；同时,以固有变形为输入参数,通过弹性有限元分析的数值模拟,预测出可能产生的失稳变形模态和变形值；最终,通过四种不同的工艺方法(激光焊、瞬态热拉伸、随焊激冷和间断焊等),来减小固有变形的数值,并控制薄板对接焊接头可能产生的失稳变形。     

Modeling and analysis of thin-walled Al/steel explosion welded transition joints for shipbuilding applications

The study presents an analysis of S355J2+N steel and AA5083 aluminum alloy welded structural joints using explosion welded transition joints of reduced thickness. The transition joint thickness reduction significantly hinders the welding of the joints due to the risk of damage to the Al/steel interface as a result of the high temperatures during welding. Numerical modeling of the welding process is performed to determine safe welding parameters for the transition joint. The numerical analysis is supported by measurements of the temperature areas by a thermographic method. Welded structural joints are analyzed to determine the welding influence on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the transition joints. On this basis, a number of tests are carried out, including microhardness distribution measurements, strength tests of joints in two welding configurations and strength tests of the microspecimens of transition joints. Moreover, an experimental and numerical analysis of strain and stress distributions is carried out in combination with the use of the finite element method and digital image correlation, which allow us to identify the critical areas of the joints with regards to their strength. The results of the microstructural and strength tests carried out using macro- and microspecimens show softening of the aluminum alloy layers. However, the AA5083 and AA1050 layer softening as a result of welding did not reduce the load capacity of the transition joints, which could determine the strength of the dissimilar Al/steel welded structural joints.     

激光电弧复合焊焊接工艺在邮轮上的应用研究

激光电弧复合焊克服了传统电弧焊和激光焊的缺点,其良好的焊接特性及可控的焊接成本,使其完全满足邮轮上层建筑建造的技术要求,即：焊后上层建筑外板平整、线型流畅和焊缝成形美观等,且焊接成本应在可控范围。由于目前船级社规范以及国内相关标准尚未制定出可执行的激光电弧复合焊焊接工艺认可的技术要求,制约了激光电弧复合焊在我国邮轮建造领域的应用。为了获得科学合理的激光电弧复合焊焊接工艺认可的工艺技术参数,通过焊接工艺试验,就激光电弧复合焊的特性、焊接设备的选配、试验所用的钢板和焊接材料进行了详细介绍;经对焊接工艺试验数据的分析研究,获得并建立了激光电弧复合焊焊接工艺认可所需的最佳可控的焊接工艺技术参数。这些工艺技术参数不仅能帮助船厂顺利完成激光电弧复合焊焊接工艺计划书等焊接工艺文件的编制、焊接工艺试验的实施及其认可,也能为完善规范提供参考,同时还为激光电弧复合焊在我国建造的邮轮上得以顺利实施提供技术支持。     

Numerical prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion in ship panel structure by elastic FE analysis

As an application to predict and mitigate the out-of-plane welding distortion by elastic FE analysis based on the inherent deformation theory, a panel structure of a pure car carrier ship is considered. The inherent deformations of different types of welded joints included in this ship panel structure are evaluated beforehand using thermal elastic plastic FE analysis. Applying idealized boundary condition to focus on the local deformation, elastic FE analysis shows that the considered ship panel structure will buckle near the edge and only bending distortion is dominant in the internal region. In order to mitigate out-of-plane welding distortion such as buckling and bending, straightening using line heating is employed. In the internal region, only inherent bending with the same magnitude as welding induced inherent bending is applied on the opposite side of welded joints (fast moving torch). On the other hand, only in-plane inherent strain produced by line heating is introduced to the edge region to correct buckling distortion (slow moving torch). The magnitude of out-of-plane welding distortion in this ship panel structure can be minimized to an accepted level.     

EH36船用钢焊接角变形有限元分析

采用有限元分析方法,根据实际焊接工艺过程,对船舶常用低温高强钢EH36中厚板的二道焊缝焊接温度场及焊接角变形进行了分析.中厚板焊接常为二道的埋弧焊接,在有限元分析中采用生死单元技术进行处理.有限元分析结果显示焊接温度场关于热源中心对称,同一厚度截面方向的节点处的焊接变形相同,而在横向由于焊缝在厚度方向收缩的不均匀性,处于焊缝间隙大的截面的节点焊接变形要大于处于小间隙截面的节点.实验结果证明了有限元分析的准确性.     

船用管-法兰机器人焊接工艺技术研究

介绍了国内首条船用管-法兰机器人焊接生产线的系统组成及特点，重点论述了管-法兰机器人焊接工艺．研究表明：采用机器人焊接能适应国产管材尺寸偏差大和椭圆度大的现状，并降低了管道上料的位置要求；焊缝成型美观，大大提高了焊接质量的稳定性；与单人单枪的手工焊相比，工作效率提高5倍以上．