兴波及航态对螺旋桨激振力预报的影响

针对船舶航行时的船体兴波及航态变化,采用RANS方法、VOF方法及船体六自由度运动方程,建立了考虑船体兴波及航态变化时螺旋桨激振力的计算方法。叠模、考虑船体兴波及考虑航态变化时螺旋桨推力、船底板压力计算结果的对比表明:考虑兴波及航态变化时,由于流速变化,螺旋桨推力平均值减小,船底板压力平均值增大;由于来流不均匀程度的变化,1倍叶频处峰值减小;考虑兴波及航态变化时,计算得到的激振力更加接近真实情况,但由于激振力在频域中较为接近,为节约计算量,计算时可不考虑船体兴波及航态变化。     

舵桨相互作用下现代船舶绕流数值研究（英文）

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.     

螺旋桨/船体粘性流场的整体数值求解

螺旋桨和船体是相互作用的,孤立地对螺旋桨或船体流场进行数值模拟均无法有效地对它们的相互影响进行研究.本文采用周向平均的混合面处理方法,实现了螺旋桨/船体流场的整体计算,计算结果和试验数据进行了比较,表明该方法能很好地模拟螺旋桨和船体之间的相互影响,从而揭示了真实螺旋桨和船体之间相互干扰的内在规律.本文研究结果为研究螺旋桨和船体相互影响提供了更加精确和实用的研究手段.     

浅吃水肥大型船的尾部线型研究

从分析船舶尾部伴流场对船舶阻力推进,操纵及船体振动性能等影响的观点,研究尾部三维伴流场,介绍尾型与伴流场之间关系及非对称双尾鳍船型的形成。非对称双尾鳍船型与优选的常规双尾鳍船型模型的阻力,自航及伴流场等比较试验结果表明,非对称双尾鳍船具有两大优点,首先,该船型能在浆前方产生一个与外旋浆旋向相反的预旋流,在保持了优良阻力性能前提下可提高外旋浆推进效率8％,获得阻力,推进,操纵各性能间的最佳配合,第二,轴向伴流分布比较均匀,满足BSRA5项衡准指标,改善了螺旋浆工作的流场条件,减少了螺旋浆产生空泡及其诱导船体激振的危险,使节能与减振得到统一,最后还介绍了该船型首制船“宁安1号”的实船测试结果及其由船模试验预报实船性能的一致性。     

船桨干扰定常空化性能数值模拟

文章采用CFD技术计算了船桨干扰定常空化性能。首先计算了不同空化数下的NACA66(MOD)水翼和DTRC4381螺旋桨的定常空化性能,同时预报了KCS船的伴流场、阻力性能和船体表面压力分布。为了验证计算船后螺旋桨空化流的可行性,文中对KCS船和KP505螺旋桨进行了整体考虑,并计算了不同空化数下的船后螺旋桨的空化覆盖面积。计算表明,文中采用的计算方法合理,计算结果与试验结果吻合。     

船模伴流场修正对螺旋桨激振力预报的影响

介绍Hoekstra船模伴流修正方法、伴流模拟方法及螺旋桨激振力测量的试验过程。以第16届ITTC推荐的Sydney Express桨为研究对象，在上海船舶运输科学研究所空泡实验室用网格方法模拟船舶艉部流场，通过布置在桨模上方相应位置平板上的5个传感器进行了脉动压力测量。比较螺旋桨在船模伴流场和使用Hoekstra法换算得到的实船伴流场中工作时激振力的预报值及桨模空泡形态，并与实桨对比，就伴流场修正对螺旋桨激振力预报的影响作了探讨。     

船体伴流对直翼推进器水动力性能的影响

[目的]直翼推进器是一种特种推进器,其借助从船舶底部伸出并围绕垂直轴往复式摆动的桨叶产生精准且无级可调的推力,有必要研究敞水和伴流条件下直翼推进器的水动力性能.[方法]首先,通过分析直翼推进器的工作原理,推导出叶片的多重运动规律公式;然后,基于RANS方程和κ-ε湍流模型,采用滑移网格技术计算直翼推进器的敞水性能;最后...     

Design practice for the stern hull form of a twin-skeg ship

Hydrodynamic standards have been derived for the improvement of propulsive performance of twin-skeg hull forms. Three important physical observations were used in the optimization of design practice for the stern hull form of twin-skeg ships: limiting streamline pattern on the inner and outer skeg surface of a stern skeg, the balance between the flow intensity over the inner and outer skeg surface of a stern skeg and nominal wake distribution in the propeller plane. Numerical calculations and model tests have been compared to validate a CFD code used in the current work. Based on the stern flow analysis for the evaluation of self-propulsion performance, effects of stern skeg arrangement on the propulsion efficiency, i.e. the distance between skegs and the angle of the skeg with respect to shaft centerline, were intensively investigated. An optimized hull form design for a twin-skeg ship was developed using the design practice derived in this work.     

多桨船舶自航因子数值预报

以某四桨水面船舶为研究对象,基于RANS方法和滑移网格技术,建立船、附体和螺旋桨整体计算模型,并运用小范围改变螺旋桨转速的方法和前后桨分别计算的方法预报该船的自航因子。结果表明：四桨船舶内、外桨的自航因子并不相等,内后桨的实效伴流分数和推力减额分数均比外前桨的大;提出的方法计算结果可靠,能够体现四桨船舶自航因子的差异性,并且符合推力减额与伴流关系的一般规律,可为多桨船舶的自航试验提供依据。     

推进轴系回旋振动对船体尾部振动影响分析

船舶在航行过程中,螺旋桨在不均匀的伴流场中工作产生周期性的弯曲力矩作用在螺旋桨轴上,使推进轴系在螺旋桨或转轴上旋转的横向力矩作用下,旋转轴绕其静平衡曲线产生振动,从而出现回旋振动现象,而严重的轴系回旋振动引起轴承反力的动力放大而引起船体尾部结构的振动.本文对一艘尾部结构振动严重的船舶进行了推进轴系回旋振动计算分析及实船振动测量验证,分析了推进轴系回旋振动对船体尾部结构振动影响,通过更换尾管前轴承、调整中间轴承的位置,解决了轴系回旋振动引起的船体尾部结构严重振动问题,为解决类似船体尾部振动问题分析提供参考.     

肥大型船整流附体的性能研究

肥大型船从船舯到船艉,船体的横剖面形状及其面积变化剧烈,从而导致在桨盘面处产生"钩"状或"兔耳"状的舭涡,通过加装整流附体的方式来改善桨盘面处的伴流分布,对于螺旋桨的减震降噪、螺旋桨推进效率的提高是一种有效的措施。基于CFD技术,在准确预报了某肥大型船伴流场的基础上,参考流经桨盘面的三维流线绕船体分布的特点,分别设计了螺旋桨前置导管、补偿导管和整流鳍,预报并分析了各附体对船体尾流场的影响,分析了整流附体的工作机理,比较了工作于各附体伴流场中螺旋桨的效率。计算结果显示,加装整流附体后,桨盘面处的舭涡消失了,并且三种附体对螺旋桨的效率都有显著的提升。     

数值水池船模自航试验方法研究

同时考虑自由液面、真实螺旋桨的旋转运动,在数值水池实现了船/桨整体流场的数值计算。在既定航速下,推力与船体阻力为螺旋桨转速的函数,通过变化转速得到自航点。文中数值计算得到的自航点与物理水池试验自航点吻合良好。根据数值自航试验结果,不仅可通过积分的方法计算伴流分数与推力减额分数,还可详细分析螺旋桨进流与桨叶的速度、压力分...     

Comparative measurements on the flow structure of a marine propeller wake between an open free surface and closed surface flows

In order to investigate the effects of a free surface on the wake behind a rotating propeller, experiments were carried out in a circulating water channel for two cases: one with an open free surface and one with a closed free surface covered by a rigid plate. Four hundred instantaneous velocity fields were measured using a two-frame particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique at four different blade phases. These were ensemble-averaged to investigate the time-averaged flow structure in the near-wake region. For a surface ship, the flow behind the propeller is influenced by the hull wake and the free surface. The phase-averaged mean velocity fields show the potential wake and the viscous wake formed by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. The interaction between the bilge vortices and the incoming flow along the ship’s hull deforms the wake structure. Tip vortices are generated periodically, and the slipstream contraction occurs in the near-wake region. The free surface was found to affect the axial velocity component and vortex structure behind the propeller. As the flow goes downstream, the tip and trailing vortices dissipate due to turbulent diffusion and active mixing with adjacent vortices.     

Underwater acoustic field and pressure fluctuation on ship hull due to unsteady propeller sheet cavitation

The main objective of this paper is to develop an efficient numerical method which can predict the underwater acoustic field and pressure fluctuation on a ship hull due to unsteady propeller sheet cavitation by linear acoustic theory. In addition, the noise scattered from the ship hull and reflected from the free surface are included. Concerning the computation of the acoustic field induced by unsteady sheet cavitation and forces of a marine propeller, a method is derived without making any approximation about the distance function between the noise source and field point. Thus, this method can be used to predict acoustic pressure at both far and near fields, and this is very important for the scattering problem because the ship hull is located very close to the propeller. For the computation of the scattering problem, a more efficient and robust method is derived in time domain, which can treat multi-frequency waves scattered from underwater obstacles. The acoustic fields of a container ship radiated by the propeller and scattered from the ship hull with free surface is investigated in this paper. The pressure fluctuations of low blade rate on the ship hull induced by the propeller are also computed by the present method and are found to be similar to the results obtained by a panel method satisfying the Laplace equation for the points near the propeller due to the small retarding time. However, for the points on the ship hull away from the propeller, the differences of the results between two methods will increase.     

基于滑移网格的带桨水面船自航性能预报研究

应用FINE/Marine软件对KCS船、KP505桨以及考虑自由液面的船桨组合体进行数值计算,并计算其自航性能。利用滑移网格技术和随体网格来实现船桨之间的相互耦合。考虑到原有的自航性能数据处理方法并不代表实际情况,文中借鉴强制自航法的概念提出了一种新的船舶自航点求解方法预报船舶自航性能,并与模型试验结果进行比较,吻合良好,其中推力减额系数、伴流分数以及船舶推进效率的计算误差分别为0.5%、2.18%、6.76%。本文研究为预报船舶自航性能提供了一种新的研究手段。     

内河浅水船型单隧道线型与螺旋桨的匹配

文章从量纲分析入手,探讨了隧道线型与螺旋桨匹配问题。对一艘母型船系列变化其隧道线型及与之配合的螺旋桨参数,将试验资料进行了分析,提出了用D_n来优选螺旋桨。并对θ的最佳选择作了讨论,给出了计算公式。还根据试验结果及实船经验概括地给出适合于F_n=0.2～0.3的同类船隧道参数的选择范围。     

单桨船模自航试验的相似准则与模拟方法

本文提出一种新的船模自航模型化方法以“消除”船－桨干扰总理２的惊工影响，首先讨论船－桨组合体绕流（平均流动）应满足的相似准则，其中引进了两个新的准则以联系船 尾流的特征；尾流宽度与速度亏损，讨论了满足这些准则的模拟条件和方法，给出满足相似条件的船模－实船性能关系式，最后讨论了新模拟方法在船旋螺旋桨空的与噪声模型试验中的应用。     

船体影响下舵附推力鳍的节能效果研究

通过 CFD方法实现船舶自航试验模拟,计算在船体影响下舵附推力鳍可带来2.3%左右的节能效果,分析指出舵附推力鳍通过吸收螺旋桨尾流能量,增加螺旋桨推力,改善船尾伴流,降低船身阻力的节能原理。计算敞水状态下桨/舵/舵附推力鳍系统的推进性能,并与船体影响下的推进性能进行比较,指出敞水状态下舵附推力鳍的工作状态与在船体影响下有着较大不同,为设计人员提供基础参考。     

双臂轴支架的剖面形状和安装角度对船舶伴流场的影响

水面船舶的艉部附体不但影响船舶阻力,而且对螺旋桨盘面处的伴流场也会产生较大影响。以某大型四桨两舵水面船舶为研究对象,不考虑自由液面的影响,采用RANS方法对船体带附体的三维粘性流场进行数值模拟,重点分析双臂轴支架的剖面形状和安装角度的变化对船舶粘性阻力和标称伴流场的影响。经研究发现,依据轴支架前方流场速度矢量的方向来确定双臂轴支架的安装角度是工程上比较实用的做法。     

Propeller wake analysis in nonuniform inflow by LDV phase sampling techniques

A laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) phase sampling technique is developed and adopted for the analysis of the flow upstream and behind a four-blade, highly skewed installed propeller in the case of a twin-screw ship model in a large circulating water channel. The technique implemented allows the reconstruction of the 3D flow field as a function of propeller angle in transversal planes located as close as possible to the blade trailing and leading edges. The main features of the propeller installation are highlighted, as well as the strong and complex interaction of the propeller with the hull wake, especially in the brackets region. The high level of detail and accuracy of the data acquired would be a powerful tool for the development and validation of computational codes applied to this topic.