脐带缆深水安装的参数影响分析(英文)

随着水深的增加引起外部压力的增大和脐带缆的重量相应增加,且由于海洋环境载荷和浮体的运动引起复杂的动力特性使得脐带缆的受力复杂,其安全性受到很大的挑战,故深水安装是脐带缆的关键问题之一。文章详细分析了安装过程中不同浮力块的布置方式(不同尺寸,长度和布置位置)和波浪与流的方向对脐带缆的影响。利用悬链线方程构建自由悬挂的脐带缆的模型,然后施加浮力与环境载荷得到动态脐带缆的安装模型。通过对比分析表明,浮力块的布置方案和波浪与流的方向对脐带缆的安装都有很大的影响,上述这些参数在安装中需要给予重视。     

静态脐带缆安装工况参数分析

结合工程实例对静态脐带缆安装工况下的基本力学问题进行了归纳分析,依据海洋管线设计规范计算了脐带缆简化模型关键力学参数,对脐带缆安装工况下的水动力性能进行了分析。通过等效刚度替代原则建立了钢管脐带缆有限元简化模型,重点对比分析了摩擦力对脐带缆应力分布的影响,当缆体承受较大弯曲载荷时可忽略摩擦对脐带缆应力计算的影响。不同拉弯组合载荷作用下脐带缆最大应力均出现在0.025 4 m钢管受拉面,依据计算结果提出了钢管脐带缆的简化设计意见。     

顶张式立管液压气动式张紧器的模拟方法

综合考虑液压气柱的张力-冲程非线性关系、液压气柱与立管之间的夹角以及平台-张紧器-立管之间的耦合关系,研究顶张式立管液压气动式张紧器的不同模拟分析方法。选取3种典型工况,对不同张紧器模拟方法下立管的动态响应进行仿真计算,分析比较不同模拟方法的科学性和适用性。结果表明:在顶张式立管分析过程中,张紧器的合理模拟至关重要,是否考虑液压气柱和立管之间的夹角对立管响应的影响不大;恒定集中力模型不能反映立管张力的变化规律,而且立管响应也存在较大差别,故不宜采用;线性模型可用于平台运动幅值较小的情况;非线性模型最能反映张紧器的刚度特性,且在极端载荷环境下尤为适用。     

深水海洋工程多功能立式管线铺设系统

介绍一种集成深水柔性管与脐带缆铺设、Reel与J-lay钢管铺设、水下结构物安装于一体的多功能立式管道铺设系统构成与设备特点。该系统可以安装在一艘中小型动力定位船舶上,其显著特点是可通过可移动式张紧器和J-lay铺管作业线的设计实现多种作业模式的快速转换,从而使船舶作业功能和灵活性大为提高,对于我国深水油气开发作业装备和多功能作业船的研究及设计建造有一定的借鉴意义。     

脐带缆水下终端的研制与试验验证

研制一种脐带缆水下终端(Umbilical cable Termination Head, UTH)装置,用于将脐带缆内的光电液信号和化学药剂传输给水下生产系统,实现UTH的国产化。分析UTH结构的设计方法,以及UTH在安装和在位运行状态下的5种载荷工况,并针对每种工况进行仿真计算。通过载荷测试验证UTH结构设计的可靠性,为后续UTH的优化设计和产业化应用提供参考。     

FPSO转塔系泊止链器安装工艺与拖航固定设计

针对我国南海深水浮式生产储卸油装置（FPSO）转塔单点系泊的关键零件止链器，进行安装工艺过程设计模拟和拖航固定设计的有限元分析。结果表明：止链器集成安装的关键点是吊装过程通过姿态调整与锚链盘U型槽配合；满足止链器安装精度的核心是节圆柱与耳轴转动平稳；止链器拖航固定的张紧链是应力薄弱点，在选型设计中应保守考虑使用1根张紧链的工况。实际工程应用验证了止链器安装工艺与拖航固定设计方案满足可靠性要求，为南中国海类似工程提供了直接经验。     

流花19-5气田脐带缆截面分析优化设计

流花19-5气田使用水下生产系统进行生产,采用了钢制水下脐带缆的设计。脐带缆截面设计和分析是脐带缆系统设计中最关键的部分,其决定了脐带缆的截面形式、脐带缆的重量、尺寸等重要参数。本文从脐带缆的截面分析出发,应用了蒙特卡洛模拟分析方法,优化和验证了脐带缆承压能力分析,之后进行了安装和操作分析,并提出相对于流花19-5气田所采取的一些设计优化。该技术的研究和应用可为其他深水油气田的开发提供很好的参考与借鉴效果。     

深水半潜式平台张紧式系泊系统优化设计研究

针对2000m工作水深12点多成分张紧式系泊系统,采用时域耦合动力分析方法,研究不同浪向完整条件和一根系泊缆断裂的破损工况下浮体运动和系泊缆张力特性。改变系泊系统参数,定量探究其影响系泊系统的一般规律,提供满足API[1] [2]规范要求的系泊系统优化设计方案。结果表明：增加系泊缆根数可以有效增强平台定位能力；通过合理选择预张力倾角、预张力大小、系泊缆夹角等,可以大幅度改善平台的运动响应和系泊缆动态响应。     

基于半数值方法的脐带缆拉弯能力曲线分析研究

水下生产系统脐带缆连接于水上主控站与海底管汇控制执行器之间,在安装和在位运行时脐带缆的受力情况复杂,其中工作内压下拉伸与弯曲组合形式的荷载是脐带缆承受的最显著工况之一,因此分析缆体截面拉-弯性能曲线有着重要的工程指导意义。文章首先采用理论公式对脐带缆内部关键构件钢管进行拉伸和弯曲荷载下受力分析并得到应力应变响应;同时构建脐带缆二维精细数值模型,考虑构件之间的相互作用与摩擦,分析径向外压与工作内压共同作用下缆体截面应力分布情况。通过提取钢管上热点应力并与理论结果相结合得到相应的拉—弯能力曲线。其结果同传统理论方法比较更加保守可信,可确保脐带缆在安装和在位工作时的安全运行。同时,为海洋工程管缆结构抗荷载能力设计提供一条可行途径。     

深水半潜式平台张紧式系泊系统优化设计

针对2 000 m工作水深12点多成分张紧式系泊系统,采用时域耦合动力分析方法,研究不同浪向完整条件和一根系泊缆断裂的破损工况下浮体运动和系泊缆张力特性。改变系泊系统参数,定量探究其影响系泊系统的一般规律,提供满足API规范要求的系泊系统优化设计方案。结果表明:增加系泊缆根数可以有效增强平台定位能力;通过合理选择预张力倾角、预张力大小、系泊缆夹角等,可以大幅度改善平台的运动响应和系泊缆动态响应。     

Finite element study on circular armour wire lateral buckling in umbilicals

The present paper addresses the circular armour wire lateral buckling in umbilicals. An asymmetric non-linear finite element model is developed to analyze a single armour wire subjected to combined constant axial compression and uniform cyclic curvatures. A parametric case study is performed for an armour wire from a nine-hose umbilical cable, where the armour wire pitch number, applied axial compressive load and minimum and maximum curvatures in the applied cyclic bending are varied. The armour wire end shortenings, transverse sliding in cyclic bending, the buckling shapes and equilibrium paths after numerous bending cycles, the critical buckling loads, the stress states at the onset of lateral buckling, and the required number of bending cycles that triggers lateral buckling are obtained and extensively discussed. The critical buckling loads given by the FE model have been compared with an existing analytical formulation, indicating that the analytical model is reliable for small cyclic curvatures. Moreover, an empirical model is proposed for the required number of bending cycles to trigger the lateral buckling and good correlation with the FE results has been observed.     

文昌脐带缆J型牵拉入位操作的水动力分析

参考863文昌脐带缆截面设计及具体工作环境参数,利用水动力分析软件Orcaflex建立了文昌缆J型管牵拉入位的水动力分析模型,计算了脐带缆在牵拉入位过程中的水动力响应。并结合有水动力分析结果,给出了该脐带缆的相关力学性能和在牵拉入位中应注意的事项,对实际工程实践有一定的指导意义。     

Experimental and numerical studies on dynamic stress and curvature in steel tube umbilicals

The present paper addresses the stresses in dynamic steel tube umbilicals at the platform hang-off exposed to large motions corresponding to an extreme storm condition. Experimental tests were carried out by mounting fibre-optic Braggs inside steel tubes of a 9 m long umbilical specimen. Then the specimen was exposed to constant tension and dynamic curvature by means of a bellmouth and the stresses were measured. Realizing that the geometry of the umbilical cross section was too complex to apply full 3D modeling, a beam and penalty contact modeling procedure was applied to describe the extreme stress behavior. Then a simplified method was proposed to determine the contact stiffness which was further validated by full scale umbilical axial stiffness testing. As hoop contact interfaces between steel tubes and separation fillers were observed in the test specimen, a tailor-made contact element was formulated to facilitate hoop contact. Different modeling alternatives were used to investigate the hoop contact effect on the extreme axial stress and Coulomb friction stress range, which were further validated against measured dynamic axial stress. Good correlation was found by the combination of describing all contact interfaces and constraints due to the grooves in the inner sheath.     

首部《预应力钢结构技术规程》的几点探讨

我国首部<预应力钢结构技术规程>的发行有助于推动预应力钢结构学科的发展与普及.本文总结了日常使用<规程>的一些体会,提出了几处关键符号的修改建议,计算了预应力拉索总安全系数,推导了拉索预应力摩擦损失计算公式,完善了预应力压杆拉索初张力的限值控制计算,提出了预应力拉索实腹梁的整体稳定计算方法.可供设计研究人员参考.     

A finite element model for flexible pipe armor wire instability

The constructive disposition of metallic and plastic layers confers flexible pipes with high and low axial stiffness respectively when tensile and compressive loads are applied. Under certain conditions typically found during deepwater installation or operation, flexible pipes may be subjected to high axial compression, sometimes accompanied by bending. If not properly designed, the structure may not be able to withstand this loading and fails. From practical experience observed offshore and in laboratory tests two principal mechanisms, which will be discussed in this paper, have been identified regarding the configuration of the armor wires. When the pipe fails by compression the armor wires may exhibit localized lateral or radial deflections, consequently permanent damage is observed in the armor wires with a sudden reduction of the structure’s axial stiffness. The pressure armor may also unlock, thus causing potential fluid leakage.In this work a finite element model is developed to estimate the critical instability load and failure modes. An axi-symmetric model is constructed employing a complex combination of beam and spring elements. For each armor layer only one wire needs to be modeled, hence the computational cost is minimized without compromising the phenomenon characterization. A parametric case study is performed for a typical flexible pipe structure, where the friction coefficient between the wire armors and the external pressure are varied, and the critical instability loads and failure modes are obtained and results are discussed.     

海洋动态缆缓 S型布置及参数灵敏度分析

文章基于对某浅水缓 S 线型布置的动态脐带缆的研究,确定了线型的主要设计参数为顶部悬挂角,中水浮拱的浮力、水平位置和垂直位置。并借助 Orcflex 软件对动态缆的响应进行非线性时域分析,研究动态缆的初始形状、曲率、张力对不同的线型设计参数的灵敏度,阐述了设计参数变化对脐带缆的力学性能影响的一般规律,为动态脐带缆的线型设计提供参考。