航运联盟背景下班轮公司市场集中度分析

为研究航运联盟组建对国际集装箱班轮运输市场结构的影响,通过对集装箱班轮运输市场运力、行业集中度指数和相对集中度指数(HHI)的分析,得出在航运联盟背景下,集装箱班轮运输市场结构不断向具有垄断性质的市场结构演化,在未来相当长的一段时间内,集装箱班轮运输市场的市场集中度将持续提高的结论。     

航运联盟发展背景下的国际集装箱班轮运输市场结构分析

在传统的件杂货运输时代,班轮运输市场呈现 垄断结构;集装箱运输取代件杂货运输后,班轮运 输市场以垄断竞争结构为主.近年来,随着航运联盟的发展,国际集装箱班轮运输市场结构发生很大变化.本文通过计算国际集装箱班轮运输市场的绝 对集中度指标和相对集中度指标,分析国际集装箱 班轮运输市场结构及其对市场发展产生的影响.     

集装箱班轮运输市场的集中度分析

近年来,国际集装箱班轮运输业的市场集中程度日益提高。本文运用绝对集中度指标从班轮公司运力方面对国际集装箱班轮运输业市场集中度的演变过程进行深入分析,并对国际集装箱班轮运输业的市场结构进行了初步探讨。     

中日集装箱班轮运输市场结构和定价行为

分析中日航线的市场份额、市场集中度和集装箱运价指数等参数，探讨中日集装箱班轮运输市场运价的实际状况，总结市场结构与运价水平之间的关系及基于低集中度的市场结构特点，解释中日航线航运公司的定价行为、运价水平和零运价等问题．     

中日航线班轮运输的运价监管

为明确主管部门对中日班轮运输的监管方式,通过对比中日航线与中韩航线集装箱运价指数和市场集中度,探讨中日航线班轮运输市场运价的实际状况,分析交通部公告提出的中日航线存在的问题以及可能采用的对策,认为中日班轮市场运价监管的重点应该是运价构成合理性和暗中回扣问题,并就运价报备制度可能起的作用进行分析。     

我国班轮市场的垄断与竞争特征及监管建议

本文结合近些年国际班轮市场的垄断与竞争现象的演变,从班轮市场结构以及垄断竞争机制、市场格局、市场行为等层次分析了我国班轮市场的垄断与竞争特征,并对此提出相应的监管建议。     

交通部文件 关于加强内支线集装箱班轮运输和国际班轮运输管理的通知

为加强国际班轮运输和内支线班轮运输的管理，建立公平、竞争、统一、有序的班轮运输市场。促进我国国际班轮运输健康发展。通知如下。     

2009年度全球班轮运输相关性指数

联合国贸易和发展会议（贸发会，UNC—TAD）公布的班轮运输相关性指数（LSCI）旨在通过测量班轮运输的相关性指数了解一个国家（地区）在现有班轮运输网络中的整合水平。该指数从2004年起发布，开始时有162个国家（地区），2008年图瓦卢加入，因此现在包括163个国家（地区）。     

国际班轮航线网络新格局及其对我国班轮运输业的影响

国际班轮航线网络新格局及其对我国班轮运输业的影响陈德明国际班轮市场近两年来发生了巨大变化，其主要特征表现为，：全球联营体迅速发展；三大干线船舶大型化程度越来越高；经贸持续发展的亚洲成为全球班轮运输竞争的中心。今年初，各大班轮公司重新组合的全球联营体已...     

国际集装箱班轮运输市场篚集中度算法与实证分析

针对传统的市场集中度算法不能适应国际集装箱班轮运输市场的问题，对该市场的特殊性进行分析并在此基础上对传统算法进行尝试性的修正，利用修正后的方法进行实证分析，将其应用于远东-北欧、环太平洋、远东-地中海和远东-澳洲等4条航线，采用定量与定性相结合的方法判断这4条航线的集中度。     

The competitive environment of liner conferences

Although liner conferences are traditionally assumed to possess effective monopoly power, such a view ignores many important aspects of their competitive environment. This article examines some of these neglected competitive features and shows how they may decisively influence conference pricing strategies.

In the analysis of linear shipping, the notion that conferences are effective monopolists lies at the root of many of the grievances of the conference system. It has also become an integral part of the conventional wisdom of shipping economies, to such an extent that the monopoly power of conferences is virtually regarded as a matter of established fact rather than what it really is-namely a postulated assumption open to testing and refutation.

It is the purpose of this paper to explore the competitive conditions of the industry in which liner conferences operate and to try and establish the extent and limitations of their market power. This will involve an analysis of hte bariers to entry which conferences may be protected by, the manner in which the relevant industry should be defined, the possibility and consequences of new entry, and the response of conferences to their competitive environment.     

Equality of bargaining power in contracts for international liner shipping

Mandatory rules exist in contracts for international liner shipping primarily because of imbalances and non-equity in the allocation of contract responsibilities. The superior bargaining position owned by the carriers depends largely upon liner market monopoly levels, the supply and demand balance between the shipper and carrier, and the cargo volume size of the shippers. With the development of shipping technologies, mode of transport, and shipping competition policy, the unequal comparison of bargaining forces between shippers and carriers changes. When the existing mandatory rule was deemed no longer necessary due to changing circumstances, legislation requirements to restore freedom to contract became apparent. When both sides have equal bargaining power, adoption of the principle of freedom of contract for their business relationships is suitable. The Rotterdam Rules concerning freedom of volume contract construction is based on equal bargaining powers between both sides and responds to the evolving situation of the industry. The Rules represent the development trend of today’s theory of contracts for international liner shipping and the demand for legal and institutional changes.     

集装箱船舶大型化对中国班轮运输的影响

通过竞争情报分析提供了各班轮公司未来船队结构和运力的变化趋势,由此观察到各班轮公司为了降低自身的营运成本,在最近几年大量订购超巴拿马型甚至更大型的集装箱船舶参与运输,但是却不能达到其预期的规模效应。原因就在于相当一部分成本随着船型的增大而线性增加,规模不经济。我们探讨了中国的班轮运输市场的几个重要特点:中外贸易的不平衡导致了货源的不平衡;未来贸易结构的调整会影响航线的布局和调派;贸易上的不稳定因素使班轮公司遇到外在的风险。这些特点会深远地影响集装箱船舶大型化的经济受益,相反的,集装箱船舶大型化的趋势也会加剧这些负面的影响,危及整个班轮运输市场。     

An optimal containership slot allocation for liner shipping revenue management

In the competitive liner shipping market, carriers may utilize revenue management systems to increase profits by using slot allocation and pricing. In this paper, related research on revenue management for transportation industries is reviewed. A conceptual model for liner shipping revenue management (LSRM) is proposed and a slot allocation model is formulated through mathematical programming to maximize freight contribution. We illustrate this slot allocation model with a case study of a Taiwan liner shipping company and the results show the applicability and better performances than the previous allocation used in practice.     

An optimal containership slot allocation for liner shipping revenue management

In the competitive liner shipping market, carriers may utilize revenue management systems to increase profits by using slot allocation and pricing. In this paper, related research on revenue management for transportation industries is reviewed. A conceptual model for liner shipping revenue management (LSRM) is proposed and a slot allocation model is formulated through mathematical programming to maximize freight contribution. We illustrate this slot allocation model with a case study of a Taiwan liner shipping company and the results show the applicability and better performances than the previous allocation used in practice.     

Meta-frontier function approach to operational efficiency for shipping companies

ABSTRACT

This study uses a meta-frontier function approach to estimate operational efficiency and technology gaps for shipping companies. Researchers have evaluated the relative efficiency of shipping firms with the assumption that shipping firms operate under one frontier technology. However, the assumption of one frontier technology is being argued by efficiency literature. Therefore, this study estimates relative efficiency of shipping firms in different market segments (dry bulk, liquid bulk, and containerized cargo), possibly operating with different technologies and, hence, under different frontiers. This study uses a meta-frontier function approach that allows us to distinguish separate frontiers for different groups and decompose efficiency scores relative to the meta-frontier. Data used in this study is collected from Thomson One Banker from 2001-2013 in the form of unbalanced panel data. Empirical results suggest that dry bulk firms’ production technology is more advanced than others and the production frontier is the closest to that of the meta-frontier. In addition, efficiency scores are all low, but containerized cargo firms achieve higher technological efficiency than the other two groups. It is also suggested that containerized cargo and liquid bulk firms should prioritize improvements in their production technology and dry bulk firms should prioritize improving group efficiency.     

A conceptual application of cooperative game theory to liner shipping strategic alliances

Since its advent, the liner shipping industry has been characterized by fierce competition and cooperation amongst the member carriers. In recent years, almost all the liners have sought extensive cooperation with others, as reflected mainly by the formation of strategic shipping alliances. Despite this, there are still some liners who prefer the ‘go-it-alone’ policy and have achieved relative success. It seems that cooperation is not always necessary for a liner company's success. It follows that a study that aims to find the rationale behind liner cooperation (or non-cooperation) is of great significance. Over many years of development, game theory has proved to be a useful tool in the study of economics. It is analytically applicable in this market. With these arguments in mind, this paper aims to apply cooperative game theory to analyse co-operation among members of liner shipping strategic alliances. This will involve: (i) presenting a detailed and systematic analysis of liner shipping strategic alliances: (ii) a concise overview of the development of game theory with specific focus on cooperative game theory, and (iii) deducing a conceptual framework through the application of cooperative game theory to liner shipping strategic alliances. The accomplishment of the aforementioned objectives will enhance understanding of inter-organizational relationships and decision-making behaviour in the liner shipping sector.     

A conceptual application of cooperative game theory to liner shipping strategic alliances

Since its advent, the liner shipping industry has been characterized by fierce competition and cooperation amongst the member carriers. In recent years, almost all the liners have sought extensive cooperation with others, as reflected mainly by the formation of strategic shipping alliances. Despite this, there are still some liners who prefer the 'go-it-alone' policy and have achieved relative success. It seems that cooperation is not always necessary for a liner company's success. It follows that a study that aims to find the rationale behind liner cooperation (or non-cooperation) is of great significance. Over many years of development, game theory has proved to be a useful tool in the study of economics. It is analytically applicable in this market. With these arguments in mind, this paper aims to apply cooperative game theory to analyse co-operation among members of liner shipping strategic alliances. This will involve: (i) presenting a detailed and systematic analysis of liner shipping strategic alliances: (ii) a concise overview of the development of game theory with specific focus on cooperative game theory, and (iii) deducing a conceptual framework through the application of cooperative game theory to liner shipping strategic alliances. The accomplishment of the aforementioned objectives will enhance understanding of inter-organizational relationships and decision-making behaviour in the liner shipping sector.     

赢得客户满意──全球化环境下的班轮运输及其对策

总结了目前国际班轮运输企业在全球经济一体化条件下的发展趋势,针对中国国有运输企业的特点,指出了中国班轮运输行业中存在的一些固有问题,并提出了相应的应对办法.