外压法调整耐压球壳焊接残余应力的 数值模拟与试验研究

深海耐压球壳经过外压作用后结构的焊接残余应力会发生改变,文章首先运用ANSYS的APDL语言编写了深海耐压球壳人孔区域焊接残余应力数值模拟程序,对耐压球壳的初始残余应力和经过外压试验后的残余应力的变化进行计算;然后,对加工完成的试验模型采用X射线无损检测方法对该深海耐压球壳人孔区域的初始残余应力和经过外压试验后的残余应力进行测量。数值模拟结果与试验结果表明两者基本吻合;随着外压增加,最大残余拉应力和压应力都不断减小。该文研究结果为合理运用外压法调整焊接残余应力提供了依据。     

考虑实测初挠度、厚度和残余应力等缺陷的耐压球壳极限承载力分析

由于其优良的承压性能,球壳常被用作深海设备的耐压结构,而耐压球壳极限承载力计算是球壳结构设计过程中的重要环节。文章在非线性屈曲分析有限元法的基础上,提出了考虑实测初挠度、厚度和残余应力的极限承载力计算方法,并加工了直径1 000 mm的耐压球壳进行了试验验证。结果表明:经过冲压、焊接等工艺制造的球壳具有明显的初始缺陷,计算过程中必须考虑极限承载力;残余应力中影响极限承载力的主要因素是压应力成分;基于实测数据的非线性屈曲分析方法计算结果与试验值接近,且能够粗略预报结构破坏位置,具备一定的适用性。     

Ti80耐压球壳赤道焊缝残余应力研究

钛合金因其优良的性能得到广泛应用,其材料的焊接特点及其结构在使用过程中的安全可靠性问题也越来越引起人们的关注,目前钛合金已成为载人深潜器耐压球壳的首选材料.本文首先对Ti80对接焊厚板残余应力进行了数值模拟以及X射线无损检测试验研究,在得到数值模拟结果后将其与试验测量值进行对比,结果吻合较好,即Ti80对接焊厚板表面横向残余拉应力呈现不对称双峰;焊缝中心线上的纵向残余拉应力较大;焊缝处沿板厚方向的内部横向残余应力和垂向残余应力在近上下表面处均为拉应力,且横向残余应力高于垂向残余应力,沿板厚方向均呈现拉应力-压应力-拉应力趋势.然后基于热弹塑性有限元分析方法,对Ti80耐压球壳赤道焊缝焊接残余应力进行数值模拟研究,得到赤道焊缝表面残余应力和内部残余应力分布规律.结果显示:Ti80耐压球壳内壳表面有较大的残余拉应力;纵向残余拉应力大于横向残余拉应力;球壳外表面有较大的横向残余压应力,而纵向残余应力为拉应力.     

加筋板壳结构非线性有限元算式

推导了加筋板壳结构非线性有限元的基本算式，考虑了板壳大挠度以及弹塑性应力状态，结合工程结构受力变形的实际情况，给出了工程上常使用的加筋板壳结构非线性变形的基本算法，可用下地描述破坏前整个结构的受力变形状态。     

基于固有应变理论的船体焊接变形仿真研究

大型船舶构件尺寸大、焊缝分布广,传统的有限元焊接仿真方法难以满足其大尺寸结构计算的要求。基于热弹塑性有限元法对T型局部接头进行焊接变形计算,获取焊缝处平均固有应变值,然后将其作为初始载荷施加在全尺寸壳单元分段模型上进行弹性计算,最终得到大型分段的整体焊接变形。仿真结果表明,结合小模型的热弹塑性法和大结构固有应变法,能准确高效的预测大型结构的焊接变形。     

内压对锥柱耐压壳焊接残余应力影响的数值模拟与试验研究

耐压结构在使用前一般都要进行内压试验,经过内压试验后结构的焊接残余应力会发生改变。残余应力的变化会对结构的力学特性有一定影响。文章首先运用ANSYS的APDL语言编写了大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型焊接残余应力数值模拟程序,对耐压结构的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后残余应力的变化进行计算;然后,采用X射线无损检测方法对该大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后的残余应力进行测量。计算结果与试验结果表明,随着内压增加,内壳残余拉应力不断降低;而外壳残余压应力则变化不大;并且数值模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。该文研究结果为更加合理可靠地进行耐压结构力学特性分析提供了理论依据。     

焊接残余应力对深潜器耐压球壳承载能力的影响

耐压球壳通常采用焊接方式将两个半球壳连接成整球,在焊缝处产生的接近材料屈服强度的焊接残余应力对球壳的承载能力有多大的影响,是否需要做焊后消除残余应力处理,将直接影响球壳的安全性和生产成本。而现有对球壳极限强度计算,无论是理论计算还是数值计算,均只考虑了球壳初始缺陷中的几何缺陷对球壳极限强度的影响。该文将在现有的耐压壳极限强度设计公式基础上,采用数值计算的方法对耐压球壳的焊接过程进行数值模拟,得到焊后球壳的焊接残余应力分布,并在此基础上考虑残余应力对球壳极限强度的影响,结果表明,对于大潜深厚球壳,焊接残余应力对耐压球壳承载能力影响不显著,为大深度潜器耐压球罐是否需做焊后消除残余应力处理提供了一定的参考依据。     

带大开口观察窗的球形耐压壳的稳定性分析

球壳的结构性能对缺陷很敏感。在实际工程问题中所制造的球壳模型由于带有几何上的不完善,其结构性能的分析相对无缺陷模型更为复杂。为研究带大开口球壳结构的稳定性,对冷冲压加工的带大开口的球壳进行了详细的几何测量,据此建立有限元模型,进行了包含接触面滑动、几何大变形、材料非线性等特性的屈曲分析,并用半经验公式对局部缺陷做了稳定性计算,由此得出一些可供设计使用的带大开口球壳结构性能的规律与结论。     

材料衍生比例定律的建立及其在结构屈曲断裂非线性失效中的应用

基于应变能定理和切线模量理论的内涵,研究应力应变曲线非线性阶段的实际应力和满足比例关系的线性应力之间的关系,可以得到不受比例极限限制的材料衍生比例定律.文中重点讨论该定律的建立过程,并引用大深度潜器耐压球壳弹塑性失稳进行了例证,最后说明该定律用于计算弹塑性断裂的方法以及与各断裂度量的关系.实例表明,结构非线性失效问题可以用衍生比例定律得到较好的解决.     

球柱组合壳耐压船体结构静水压力试验研究

球柱组合壳结构在船舶与海洋工程领域应用广泛,为考察球柱组合壳结构的力学性能,设计制作了球柱组合壳模型进行静水压力试验,测量其应力。通过对球柱组合壳结构的应力分布规律的研究,得到了球柱组合壳结构的应力与外压力的关系,并验证了球柱组合壳结构的连接处存在应力集中现象,利用试验数据得到了应力集中系数为1.4。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

舰艇反鱼雷技术

对目前舰艇反鱼雷技术中的非杀伤、软杀伤和硬杀伤等比较先进的手段进行了阐述,并在此基础上分析研究了舰艇反鱼雷技术的发展趋势。     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补强度和刚度数值分析

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对复合材料补片修复含边裂纹和中心裂纹钢板的强度和刚度进行了数值分析.引入相对刚度的概念,研究了钻有止裂孔裂纹的长度对损伤钢板相对刚度的影响,分析了损伤钢板刚度复合材料贴片修补效果;引入屈服载荷提高率的概念,分析了损伤钢板强度的修复效果.     

第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

混凝土道路、堆场面层裂缝的产生与防治

从混凝土道路、堆场的各个结构层分析裂缝产生的原因,并针对性地说明预防措施,阐述裂缝维修方法。