非均匀流中E779A螺旋桨空化涡流演变及压力脉动数值分析

本文对E779A螺旋桨非定常空化流动进行了数值模拟研究，通过对螺旋桨流场中的压力脉动及涡量场的分析，探讨了空化对压力脉动以及涡流场的影响。计算中采用了k-ωSST湍流模型和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型。数值模拟的结果表明：预测的非定常空化形态与试验结果基本一致；周期性演变的非定常空化会诱发大幅度周期性变化的压力脉动。此外，本文使用了相对涡量输运方程进行进一步分析，结果表明，空化引起的涡量拉伸、收缩膨胀和斜压力矩会促进涡的产生和发展，从而加剧流场的不稳定性。     

平板壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数-频率谱的大涡模拟计算分析研究

壁面湍流脉动压力是重要的流噪声声源,对壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数-频率谱进行数值计算是流声耦合领域的重要课题,开展相应的研究十分必要。文章采用大涡模拟方法（LES）结合动态亚格子涡模型（DSL）与千万量级的精细网格,对平板壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数-频率谱进行了数值计算,并与试验结果进行了对比分析,验证了数值计算方法的可靠性。首先,介绍了大涡模拟的物理内涵与基本方程,给出了所采用亚格子涡模型的表达式。其次,描述了Abraham试验中矩形试验段的几何特征,给出了网格的剖分形式,并给出了相应的离散求解数值方法以及边界条件的设置。再次,探讨了湍流脉动压力变化规律及其相似律,基于Fourier变换计算得到了湍流脉动压力波数-频率谱,并详细讨论了壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数-频率谱计算值与试验值之间的差异,进行了定量与定性的验证分析,结果表明,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,计算方法合理可靠,为今后复杂几何模型壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数-频率谱的计算研究工作奠定了基础。最后,基于试验和计算结果,比较分析了常用波数-频率谱理论模型,为波数-频率谱的工程应用提供了参考。     

孔腔脉动压力及其波数—频率谱的大涡模拟研究

孔腔流动中包含着流动分离和失稳以及涡旋相互干扰等复杂的流动现象。孔腔涡旋流动引起的流体振荡能够引起脉动压力的显著增加从而产生强烈的噪声,在工程实际中备受关注。湍流脉动压力是流激噪声的重要来源,也是湍流研究中的基础性问题,对其进行数值计算研究是流声耦合领域的重要内容,而湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱的构建更是该领域的技术难点。文章采用大涡模拟方法(LES)对孔腔脉动压力进行了数值模拟,考察了四套网格和四种亚格子应力模型对计算结果的影响,并与试验结果进行比较,验证数值计算方法的可靠性。首先采用大涡模拟方法计算了孔腔的脉动压力,并与中国船舶科学研究中心的空泡水筒试验结果进行对比分析。接着详细地分析孔腔脉动压力,研究亚格子应力模型和网格数量对计算结果的影响。最后,对数值计算得到的脉动压力多元阵列结果进行时间/空间Fourier变换,构建了三维脉动压力波数-频率谱。该文工作对今后流激结构振动噪声的预报和流动控制研究奠定了基础。     

自由来流角度影响下壁面湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱的大涡模拟计算分析研究

壁面湍流脉动压力是重要的流噪声声源,对壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行数值计算是流声耦合领域的重要课题。文章在已有工作的基础上,采用大涡模拟方法(LES)结合动态亚格子涡模型(DSL)与千万量级的精细网格,对不同自由来流角度影响下壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行了数值计算与分析。首先,介绍了大涡模拟基本方法,包括:大涡模拟的物理内涵、基本方程以及所采用亚格子涡模型的表达式。其次,介绍了湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱及其计算与分析方法。再次,对不同自由来流角度情况下的湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行了计算,并将计算结果进行了比较分析,深入讨论了自由来流角度对湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱的影响。结果表明,在自由来流角度影响下,湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱主要参数(包括波数—频率谱的谱级峰值、迁移脊在波数—频率域内的分布范围、迁移速度和无量纲迁移速度等)均发生了明显变化,说明自由来流角度对湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱有显著影响,且边界层内湍流脉动压力的能量主要沿流向分布。因此,为了更加准确可靠地研究边界层内湍流脉动压力的主要统计特性及其波数—频率谱,传感器阵列或监测点阵列布置方向应与当地流向(局部剪应力线或摩擦力线)一致。     

绕水翼非定常空化流动的涡动力学分析

文章采用数值方法对绕水翼的非定常空化流动进行了流动计算,并采用涡动力学方法对非定常空化流场特性进行了分析。计算中,采用基于当地涡旋修正的湍流模型封闭控制方程,通过实验对该计算结果进行验证;采用涡量法分析了空化的发生和发展对涡量输运过程的影响。结果表明:基于当地涡旋修正的湍流模型可以准确地模拟水翼周围非定常空化流场结构;水翼空化流场具有强烈的非定常特性,空化的发展和流场中的涡结构有着紧密的联系;反向射流的作用会导致附着空穴尾缘附近速度梯度的非定常变化,是导致涡量产生和消失的重要因素;空化区域内部水气两相的质量交换会导致流场内体积变化率的变化,使得空化区域内部流体的非正压性显著增强,上述两者导致空化区域内部的涡量分布呈现强烈的非定常特性;空化现象引起的水气两相之间的相互转换以及对湍流的作用都是影响涡结构空间分布的重要因素。     

各向异性湍流积分长度数值预报研究

文章针对目前模型试验只能获得各向同性湍流积分长度这一现状,建立了各向异性湍流积分长度数值预报方法:(1)RANS预报初始定常流场;(2)大涡模拟计算脉动速度场;(3)脉动速度相关函数计算各向同性湍流积分长度;(4)计算各向异性湍流积分长度。通过二维水翼模型试验验证了水中各向同性湍流积分长度的数值预报精度,平均误差6.81%;通过风洞螺旋桨验证了空气中各向异性湍流积分长度计算方法。对SUBOFF桨盘面处各向异性湍流积分长度的预报研究发现,各方向湍流积分长度外半径大于内半径;潜艇上部涡团扩散较下部明显,内半径湍流积分长度波峰随着角度增大而内移;Λ11、Λ12和Λ13周向分布受指挥台围壳和稳定翼马蹄涡影响,波峰出现在20°和90°左右;Λ31和Λ32的频率峰值受指挥台围壳和稳定翼马蹄涡脱落频率(约15 Hz)影响,峰值集中在30 Hz以下。该文提出的各向异性湍流积分长度预报方法,为下一步螺旋桨低频宽带噪声预报中构造新的湍流波数谱以提高预报精度提出了思路。     

基于叶梢小翼的泵喷推进器梢隙涡控制方法数值研究

泵喷推进器转子叶片梢涡不仅会降低推进器空化性能,而且会引起较大的梢隙压力脉动和非定常激励力,从而降低推进器声学性能。因此,泵喷梢隙涡控制是提升推进器声学性能的有效途径。该文针对某前置定子泵喷推进器,提出基于叶梢翼的梢涡控制措施,并利用高精度数值仿真方法对比分析了抑制梢涡前后的泵喷推进器推进性能、流场结构、压力脉动等特性。研究结果表明：基于叶梢翼的转子梢涡控制方法可显著抑制泵喷梢涡发展和叶梢间隙压力脉动,并且对推进器的水动力性能影响较小,可为泵喷推进器声学优化提供参考。     

基于LES与Powell涡声理论的孔腔流激噪声数值模拟研究

孔腔流动中含有复杂的流体振荡,不但能够引起明显的噪声,而且会造成物体脉动压力和阻力的急剧增加,因而孔腔流动与流激噪声已经成为流声耦合研究领域的重要内容。文章首先对于Powell涡声理论进行了介绍,给出了涡声方程及其求解的详细推导过程,随后利用圆柱/机翼组合体与方腔流激噪声测试结果验证了计算方法的可靠性,最后采用大涡模拟方法结合Powell涡声方程数值计算了两型孔腔在不同水速下的流激噪声,并与中国船舶科学研究中心循环水槽试验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明数值计算方法能够较准确地预报孔腔流激噪声,并能展示孔腔内外涡旋结构。计算结果表明:在500 Hz以下的低频段,格栅1型孔腔的流激噪声显著高于格栅2型孔腔;在500 Hz-10 k Hz高频段,格栅2型孔腔流激噪声比格栅1型孔腔高,但随着流速的增高,两种孔腔流激噪声在高频段的幅值基本一致。这些现象与孔腔内的涡旋结构密切相关。文中对孔腔流激噪声的数值预报方法进行了验证,有益于理解孔腔非定常流动的物理机理,且为抑制孔腔流激噪声奠定了基础。     

湍流入流下泵喷推进器力谱特性研究

[目的]旨在解决泵喷推进器在湍流入流作用下非定常力谱不明的问题.[方法]通过湍流生成栅格和频谱合成法相结合的方法,产生具有时间脉动和空间相干结构的湍流,然后将此种方法与模拟相结合,获得泵喷推进器非定常力的宽带谱.[结果]结果显示,所采用的计算方法能够获得泵喷推进器导管、定子和转子合理的非定常力宽带谱;泵喷推进器非定常力...     

双体船湍流脉动压力激励水下辐射噪声预报研究

利用大涡模拟技术,对某双体船模型及实船进行湍流脉动压力的数值模拟,并将计算结果作为输入,采用声学有限元法对双体船实船水动力噪声进行了预报。数值模拟结果表明计算与试验数据吻合良好,能够有效地模拟双体船航行时船体周围的湍流脉动压力分布。此外,以湍流脉动压力为输入,通过声学有限元法得到的双体船水下辐射噪声在高频段与以往的统计能量法趋于一致,而在低频段的结果高于统计能量法,可以更加合理地预报双体船的水动力噪声。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

舰艇反鱼雷技术

对目前舰艇反鱼雷技术中的非杀伤、软杀伤和硬杀伤等比较先进的手段进行了阐述,并在此基础上分析研究了舰艇反鱼雷技术的发展趋势。     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补强度和刚度数值分析

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对复合材料补片修复含边裂纹和中心裂纹钢板的强度和刚度进行了数值分析.引入相对刚度的概念,研究了钻有止裂孔裂纹的长度对损伤钢板相对刚度的影响,分析了损伤钢板刚度复合材料贴片修补效果;引入屈服载荷提高率的概念,分析了损伤钢板强度的修复效果.     

混凝土道路、堆场面层裂缝的产生与防治

从混凝土道路、堆场的各个结构层分析裂缝产生的原因,并针对性地说明预防措施,阐述裂缝维修方法。     

单相PWM整流器的建模与仿真分析

文章详细分析了单相VSR型PWM整流器的整流原理,建立了电流内环,电压外环的单相VSR型PWM整流控制器的数学模型和逻辑框图。在MATLAB／Simulink软件环境中进行了仿真,分析了模型的可行性。