缓波型非粘接柔性立管的干涉敏感性

针对非粘接柔性立管在波浪和海流作用下易发生立管干涉的问题,以我国南海某油田输油立管和相邻锚链为例,分别对拖曳力系数、管道单位长度质量、外径、内部介质密度、立管抗拉弯扭刚度和悬挂角度等参数进行敏感性分析,得出不同参数的敏感性情况,并在此基础上提出一些建议供实际工程设计参考。     

基于顶部张紧式立管动力分析的关键参数研究

文中提出了一种适用于工作于南中国海张力腿平台(TLP)的顶张紧式立管(TTR),并利用有限元软件ABAQUS/AQUA对该立管进行了模拟分析,计算用以预测立管波浪飞溅区和立管下部区域在波浪以及平台联合作用下的影响。计算时采取时域计算方法,计算过程中考虑了几何非线性的影响。并在计算完成TTR在位动力分析的基础之上,做了一定量的参数敏感性分析,重点考察立管侧向位移,弯矩以及等效应力水平对TTR一些重要参数的敏感性。结果表明,计算顶张力TTR动力分析时,必须考虑平台侧向位移跟轴向位移的耦合作用,立管响应受其顶部TLP平台以及张力比TTF的影响较大。随着立管顶部张力比TTF的增加,立管的变形逐渐变小,但顶部张力的增加同时增加了立管内部的等效应力,立管设计时应充分考虑到这两者之间的"平衡"关系。     

自由站立式立管总体强度及敏感性参数分析

基于三维非线性时域有限元程序对自由站立式立管(FSHR)进行了总体强度分析,并在此基础上对影响FSHR总体性能的主要参数进行敏感性分析,探讨设计变量的不确定性对FSHR总体性能和布局的影响.计算结果表明百年一遇海流载荷工况下为最危险工况,跳接软管和FPSO共面,波浪沿立管流向FPSO方向为最危险浪、流组合方向;FSHR系统对浮体运动和钢性主管之间具有良好的解耦作用;改变单一敏感性参数不能使得FSHR总体性能向好的趋势发展,需要同时调节几个参数才有可能使得FSHR总体性能达到最优.     

深水悬链线式柔性立管参数敏感性分析

针对柔性立管所处的深水环境,选取应用较为广泛的悬链线式布置方法,在特定的海洋环境中,在大型有限元软件OrcaFlex上建立悬链线立管模型进行动力分析。选取悬挂角、立管末端锚固点位置和管内流体等关键参数进行参数敏感性分析。结果表明:悬挂角的变化对立管顶部曲率有作用,但立管底部曲率和最大张力对悬挂角的变化不敏感;立管末端锚固点位置变化对立管动力响应有明显影响,布置立管时需重点考虑;立管曲率和弯矩对管内流体密度及流速的变化不敏感,但立管最大张力随管内流体密度的增大而减小,随管内流速的增大而增大。     

深水陡波形立管的力学性能及参数敏感性分析

以某深水陡波形布局的立管为研究对象,基于柔性杆理论,建立立管运动方程,编写相应程序,进行立管力学性能计算,并将结果与专业海工软件Orca Flex的计算结果进行对比,验证其正确性与精度。再利用编写的程序对立管陡波形布局下总体布置参数进行参数敏感性分析,得到浮力因子、浮子段长度、浮子段初始位置及海流对立管初始位形、弯矩及有效张力的影响,可以为陡波形立管的总体布置设计提供参考。     

考虑平台作用的顶张式立管动力分析

上层浮式平台的运动幅度比固定式平台大,对立管的影响更明显.为了解平台对顶张式立管动力的影响,提出一种动力分析方法.在一定的条件下建立立管的数学模型,采用软件Tube2D对平台和立管进行动力响应和弯曲应力分析,得到考虑平台作用的立管扶正器布置间距参数的敏感性和立管弯曲应力的变化.结果表明:对于考虑平台作用的立管模型而言,内套管与油管在立管上部更容易发生碰撞,从避碰的角度考虑,应适当减小立管上部扶正器的布置间距;各层立管的弯曲应力按弯曲刚度之比分配的结果与实际计算结果不符,应根据耦合立管模型的计算结果对各层立管进行强度校核.     

随机波浪和涡流联合作用下海洋立管多频参数激励振动响应

针对随机波浪和涡流联合作用下海洋立管多频参数激励振动响应,本文通过欧拉梁理论和Galerkin方法建立了立管运动控制方程;结合Pierson-Moskowitz波浪谱,利用线性波浪理论和随机相位谱法构造随机波浪力时域激励,并与真实海洋环境相匹配;建立了随机波浪和涡流激励联合作用下顶张力立管分析模型;通过两个验证模型,将本文提出的计算方法与已有数值计算方法及试验进行对比分析,对其有效性进行评估;对单频和多频激励下获得的动力响应、频谱响应和关键参数敏感性等进行比较分析及讨论。与已有的简谐激励方法相比,本文所提出方法可以更合理、准确地分析在实际海洋条件下立管的动力响应。     

波流耦合作用下海洋柔性立管防弯器动力响应数值分析

基于三维动态时域分析软件OrcaFlex建立防弯器与立管耦合响应模型,对柔性立管防弯器在波流耦合作用下的动力响应进行了参数敏感性分析,结合分析结果对柔性立管防弯器系统进行优化布局,并分析了流向变化和浪向变化对弯矩的影响。结果表明,靠近立管与浮体或水下设备固结点的曲率和弯矩大,随着远离固结点,曲率和弯矩呈递减趋势。海流方向变化对立管和防弯器曲率和弯矩的影响较浪向变化更大。底部立管和防弯器弯矩高于顶部,需格外注意。防弯器曲率与立管曲率基本一致,但弯矩高出很多,达到了防弯器保护立管承载过度屈曲的目的。     

缓波型柔性立管构型优化及敏感性分析

针对缓波型柔性立管存在的波型较陡和浮子段张力较大的问题,对其进行优化,将单波构型优化为双波构型,运用集中质量法对改进前后的2种结构形式进行分析,确认双波构型在静力和动力响应下的张力及弯曲特性更优。在此基础上,对双波型柔性立管进行敏感性分析。在静力状态下,悬挂点和第2段浮子段末端对浮子段间隔和浮子段长度敏感;在动力响应下,悬挂段到第1段浮子段的张力变化和最小弯曲半径对浮子段间隔和大悬挂角非常敏感。研究得到的敏感性参数结论可作为缓波型柔性立管总体布置设计的参考。为提升缓波型柔性立管的性能,可合理增加浮子段与浮子段的间隔和悬挂角,但同时要满足规范的要求,避免关键部位动力响应过大。     

深海立管涡激振动疲劳损伤影响因素分析

根据我国南海、墨西哥湾和西非海域的流速沿深度方向的分布规律,利用涡激振动预报程序计算了立管在不同参数下的动力响应.在此基础上计算了立管沿长度方向涡激振动引起的疲劳损伤.分别讨论了立管顶部预张力、管内流体密度、管外流速分布、立管外径、立管壁厚等参数的变化对疲劳损伤的影响.结果显示立管顶部预张力、管外流速分布、立管外径对疲劳损伤的影响非常明显,而管内流体密度和立管壁厚因其变化范围有限,对疲劳损伤的影响没有上述三个参数显著.     

非粘结柔性立管静态分析

海洋柔性立管因材料和结构上的复杂性在设计分析中存在许多技术难题。本文在变形能原理和能量守恒的基础上,推导出了柔性立管各层的刚度矩阵。将各层刚度矩阵进行叠加,得到柔性立管总体刚度矩阵,并用总体刚度矩阵求解静载荷作用下立管变形响应。同时基于ABAQUS软件建立八层非粘结柔性立管有限元模型,并将有限元计算结果和刚度矩阵计算结果进行比较。结果分析表明：运用推导得到的刚度矩阵求解静态载荷下立管的变形是一种简便且准确的方法。     

Helical wire stress analysis of unbonded flexible riser under irregular response

A helical wire is a critical component of an unbonded flexible riser prone to fatigue failure. The helical wire has been the focus of much research work in recent years because of the complex multilayer construction of the flexible riser. The present study establishes an analytical model for the axisymmetric and bending analyses of an unbonded flexible riser. The interlayer contact under axisymmetric loads in this model is modeled by setting radial dummy springs between adjacent layers. The contact pressure is constant during the bending response and applied to determine the slipping friction force per unit helical wire. The model tracks the axial stress around the angular position at each time step to calculate the axial force gradient, then compares the axial force gradient with the slipping friction force to judge the helical wire slipping region, which would be applied to determine the bending stiffness for the next time step. The proposed model is verified against the experimental data in the literature. The bending moment–curvature relationship under irregular response is also qualitatively discussed. The stress at the critical point of the helical wire is investigated based on the model by considering the local flexure. The results indicate that the present model can well simulate the bending stiffness variation during irregular response, which has significant effect on the stress of helical wire.     

压力载荷下非粘结柔性立管应变影响因素分析

基于Abaqus/Explicit准静态和质量放大方法研究了一类典型非粘结柔性立管在压力载荷作用下应变响应特性,对影响立管整体轴向延伸率和绕轴向扭转角度的因素进行了分析。数值模型计入金属层实际截面形状、铺设角度以及几何、接触、材料非线性。计算结果表明：数值解与理论值吻合较好;立管端部边界条件对轴向延伸率影响不大但对绕轴向扭转角度影响较大;抗压铠装层为径向压力主要受力构件,其铺设角度虽然对压溃性能不大,但在应变分析中不可忽略;拉伸铠装层铺设角度对应变影响同样较大。文中数值方法可弥补理论方法限定在小位移、小变形范围,无法计入层间摩擦、材料非线性及初始制造椭圆率等缺陷。     

Dynamic analysis of risers using a novel multilayered pipe beam element model

In this paper a recently proposed formulation for the multilayered pipe beam element is extended to dynamic analysis of risers. Derivations of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loadings due to internal and external fluid acting on each element layer are presented. Mass and damping matrices, associated to each element layer, are properly derived by adding their respective contributions to the expression of the virtual work due to external loading. The finite element implementation allows for the numerical representation of either bonded or unbonded multilayered risers, including small slip effects between layers. A number of numerical examples have been carried out and the results show the accuracy and efficiency of the new element formulation, even in large scale riser analysis. Moreover, we establish a few benchmarks using multilayered pipes and risers.     

钢悬链线立管整体干涉分析研究

深水海洋立管具有柔性,特别是极端海况条件下,相邻立管之间可能发生互相干涉而增大立管的应力,从而影响其疲劳寿命.钢悬链线立管相比顶张力立管,有效张力较小,对环境载荷作用更加敏感,更容易发生碰撞.基于动力学分析软件OrcaFlex建立有限元模型,从允许碰撞的角度出发,对串列布置于张力腿平台上的两根钢悬链线立管进行整体碰撞分析,研究立管间距、尾流模型、拖曳力系数、海流流速和柔性接头刚度对立管碰撞的影响,阐述对碰撞范围、上下游立管相对运动速度、最大碰撞速度和最大碰撞能量的影响规律,为实际工程中立管的空间布置和结构优化设计提供参考.     

柔性立管整体分析(英文)

The mechanical performance of a flexible riser is more outstanding than other risers in violent environmental conditions. Based on the lumped mass method, a steep wave flexible riser configuration attached to a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) has been applied to a global analysis in order to acquire the static and dynamic behavior of the flexible riser. The riser was divided into a series of straight massless line segments with a node at each end. Only the axial and torsional properties of the line were modeled, while the mass, weight, and buoyancy were all lumped to the nodes. Four different buoyancy module lengths have been made to demonstrate the importance of mode selection, so as to confirm the optimum buoyancy module length. The results in the sensitivity study show that the flexible riser is not very sensitive to the ocean current, and the buoyancy module can reduce the Von Mises stress and improve the mechanical performance of the flexible riser. Shorter buoyancy module length can reduce the riser effective tension in a specific range of the buoyancy module length when other parameters are constant, but it can also increase the maximum curvature of the riser. As a result, all kinds of the riser performances should be taken into account in order to select the most appropriate buoyancy module length.     

深水钻井隔水管静态性能参数敏感性分析

采用ABAQUS软件，建立深水钻井隔水管的有限元模型，对隔水管的力学性能进行了研究。在此基础上，对隔水管参数敏感性进行了分析，研究深水钻井隔水管力学性能在不同工况下的变化规律，得到一些有用的结论可供工程应用参考。     

无粘结柔性管抗拉伸层结构分析

柔性管抗拉伸层是复杂的空间螺旋线结构,其结构响应分析对柔性管疲劳分析、强度分析和屈曲分析有重要作用。文章基于曲梁理论,应用斜驶螺旋线假设和测地线假设两种空间曲线公式,以空间细长杆理论及胡克定律本构方程为基础,采用格林应变张量与第二Kirchoff应力张量度量,对深海无粘结柔性管抗拉伸层螺旋形钢缆结构平衡方程进行了推导,编写了分析程序。利用该程序,分析了抗拉伸层钢缆在轴对称载荷下和弯矩作用下的曲率变化和结构响应;同时利用三维直梁有限元模型与曲梁有限元模型建立数值模型,将程序结果与数值模拟模型结果进行了对比,证明了结果可行性。该结果可为柔性管抗拉伸层结构设计提供快速的预估计方法。     

Theoretical and numerical analysis of bending behavior of unbonded flexible risers

This paper presents theoretical and numerical study on bending properties of unbonded flexible risers. To capture nonlinearities in layer's sliding, the stress component due to slip-stick behavior is considered and energy conservation principle considering sliding-caused heat consumption is employed in the analytical model. Besides, a finite element model estimating mechanics of unbonded flexible risers' bending is proposed. In the finite element model, couplings between bending moment–curvature and axial stress as well as contact interaction among layers and tendons have been considered. The theoretical and numerical results were validated against the corresponding experimental data in literature and mutually compared in analyzing nonlinear bending behavior of flexible risers. Moreover, the impacts of axisymmetric loads on riser's bending behavior have been further investigated.