关于二维平面圆柱涡激振动的数值模拟

利用有限元软件Adina建立平面二维圆柱绕流的数值模型,模拟低雷诺数条件下流体与圆柱间的涡激振动。随着流速加大,圆柱振动经历非锁定一锁定一脱离锁定的过程,由于锁定形态下圆柱振动与尾涡脱落引起的流体力形成共振,使圆柱的振幅增大。仅考虑圆柱顺流向振动时,横流向振幅略有增加;同时考虑圆柱在平面内的旋转和顺流向振动时,横流向振幅显著增加、锁定区间加宽,且质量比越低变化就越明显。     

高雷诺数下水翼涡发放频率预报方法

[目的]高雷诺数下水翼绕流问题因其原理复杂、计算困难,一直是水动力领域关注的热点。基于涡量—流函数的离散涡(DVM)模型是一种无网格方法,可有效克服数值粘性问题。同时,在涡量集中区分辨率高,可有效模拟高雷诺数流场中的旋涡运动。使用一种随机涡方法对高雷诺数下二维刚性水翼涡发放频率进行预报。[方法]以NACA 66系列水翼为例,与试验数据对比验证其对涡发放频率预报的准确性。应用此方法分析高雷诺数下来流速度及初始攻角大小对水翼涡发放频率的影响规律。[结果]结果表明:涡发放频率会随来流速度呈非线性增加;随着水翼攻角的增加,泄涡尺寸和涡强不断增大,泄涡频率降低。[结论]来流速度和水翼初始攻角对二维水翼涡发放频率有显著影响,可为螺旋桨桨叶二维剖面的涡发放机理探究,甚至全桨的振动噪声预报提供参考。     

刚性圆柱结构顺流向涡激振动特性分析

文章研究了刚性支承圆柱的顺流向涡激振动特性,在第二激励区域,运用van der Pol方程描述漩涡脱落的尾迹特性,采用尾流振子模型计算圆柱结构的响应,讨论和分析了质量-阻尼参数、质量率和结构阻尼对顺流向涡激振动的影响机理。     

两自由度运动圆柱绕流的离散涡方法模拟

应用离散涡数值方法(Discrete Vortex Method,DVM)对弹性支承的二维圆柱绕流的涡激振动(VIV)问题进行数值模拟,研究单自由度横向运动系统、两自由度系统横向和流向耦合运动这两种模型的计算结果,得到了不同质量比、不同折合速度下的尾涡形状、受力系数和圆柱响应曲线,并分别提取了单自由度和两自由度两种模型所得到的横向振幅进行对比.总结出受质量比和自由度数影响的圆柱响应的变化规律,证实了锁定lock-in现象的发生过程.通过与实验结果的对比,验证了计算结果较为合理和可靠,说明离散涡方法是研究涡激振动问题的有效手段,并且它能够适应高雷诺数下的计算,并且认为圆柱的流向运动对涡激振动起着促进作用,在数值模拟中是应当予以重视的.计算过程采用FORTRAN语言编程实现.     

柔性摆动水翼弦向变形模式及其对推进性能的影响研究

在Bose变形模式及悬臂梁受力变形分析的基础上,提出了摆动水翼新的柔性变形模式,推导出弦向变形方程,给出了摆动水翼变形运动描述及动网格处理技术,利用数值方法研究了柔性变形模式、柔度系数、弦向变形长度等参数对柔性水翼推进特性的影响,指出了摆动水翼高推进性能对应的柔性模式与变形参数.     

基于功率方程的圆柱体涡激振动研究

针对预测结构涡激振动响应的半经验性模型,根据动力学普遍方程(达朗贝尔-拉格朗日原理)建立了自由振动圆柱的涡激振动功率方程模型。该模型的建立过程不需要引入经验性参数,是研究流固耦合问题的一般方法,适用性强,易于拓展。为了评估自由振动圆柱功率方程的可靠性,利用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟提供的流场信息对功率方程进行求解并与实验结果进行对比。结果表明该模型能够有效地预报圆柱的涡激振动响应。     

三维近自由表面水翼升力线理论

文章将普朗特的升力线理论扩展到自由表面下的三维水翼升力分析问题。二维水翼升力计算采用奇点分布法,三维水翼升力采用普朗特的马蹄涡叠加法,得到了三维水翼升力线计算理论。并且都考虑了自由表面的影响。在算例中,针对不同的潜深和翼弦长度,给出了升力系数和潜深弗汝德数的关系。其计算结果与其他文献所给的结果相比吻合得很好。     

Analysis of Cavitation Performance of 3-D Hydrofoil based on Panel Method

为了研究三维水翼定常空泡特性,利用低阶面元法结合非线性理论对三维机翼的空泡范围和形状进行了计算分析.根据运动学边界条件和动力学边界条件,采用压力恢复闭合的空泡模型结合面元法分别预报了矩形、椭球型和无限展长三维水翼的空泡性能.由计算结果可知:(1)对于三维矩形水翼在展向各水翼剖面空泡长度和厚度不同,空泡长度从展向中心向水翼两侧逐渐减小.空泡数越小,空泡区域就越大,且水翼面上的空泡体积的变化率愈大.(2)三维椭圆水翼在翼梢处计算出的压力分布有时并不满足空泡面的动力学边界条件,在尾缘处上下表面甚至出现较大压力差,存在压力“跳跃”.(3)无限展长三维水翼中心剖面处空泡厚度和长度分布与相应的二维水翼的空泡厚度分布基本一样.     

NACA 0012摆动水翼水动力特性的二维数值模拟

[目的]为了研究水翼的水动力性能对波浪滑翔机设计的影响,[方法]针对波浪滑翔机运动时水翼的摆动特点,基于STAR-CCM+软件的流体与固体相互作用(DFBI)模块,采用SST k-ω湍流模型,模拟出滑翔机水翼在一个周期内主动升沉运动下的被动摆动过程,研究限位角、波高、波浪频率等因素对NACA 0012型水翼的推力系数的影响。[结果]仿真结果表明,被动旋转方法可以有效模拟水翼摆动过程,且被动旋转方法所得平均推力系数与主动旋转的相比小30%左右;滑翔机水翼最大限位角在20°附近时,水翼的水动力性能较优;平均推力系数在一定范围内随波高、波浪频率的增加而增大。[结论]这一结果可为研究波浪滑翔机的推进性能以及在不同海况条件下的水动力性能提供参考。     

后掠水翼水动力计算的升力面方法

本文在文献的基础上,进一步提出预测后掠水翼水动力性能的升力面计算方法。该方法的特点是用沿翼弦离散布置的一组展向涡线来模拟水翼,而在水翼的展向,每根涡线上的涡量采用连续分布,并在计算中将其展开为正弦级数。计算示例表明,本方法计算时间省,精度高,对预测水翼的升力和诱导阻力有实用价值。     

Numerical study on active wave devouring propulsion

The possibility of extracting energy from gravity waves for marine propulsion was numerically studied by a two-dimensional oscillating hydrofoil in this study. The commercially available computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used for the unstructured grid based on the Reynolds-average Navier?CStokes equation. The free surface waves and motion of the flapping foil were implemented by customizing the FLUENT solver using a user-defined function technique. In addition, dynamic mesh technology and post processing capabilities were fully utilized. The validation of the model was carried out using experimental data for an oscillation hydrofoil under the waves. The results of the simulation were investigated in detail in order to explain the increase of propeller efficiency in gravity waves. Eight design parameters were identified and it was found that some of them greatly affected the performance of wave energy extraction by the active oscillating hydrofoil. Finally, the overall results suggested that when the design parameters are correctly maintained, the present approach can increase the performance of the oscillating hydrofoil by absorbing energy from sea waves.     

考虑底壁面效应影响的三维扑翼推进特性研究

本文采用重叠网格技术对考虑底壁面效应影响下的三维拍动翼的推进特性进行了数值模拟研究,计算时选取的特征雷诺数为1.0×104.数值模拟结果表明:底壁面的存在对拍动翼的水动力特性以及周围的流场结构都产生了很大影响;与无界流场相比,当拍动翼运动至底壁面附近时,将会产生明显的推力增大(高斯特哈尔数)现象,并且伴随着升力急剧增大;此外,由于拍动翼与壁面之间的相互作用,拍动翼周围的涡环变成了半月牙形.本文研究成果可为今后仿生扑翼的样机研制提供技术依据和参考.     

振动翼推进性能计算及试验研究

采用非定常边界元法基于格林定理构建振动翼计算模型,讨论相关的构建过程、程序结构;采用时变尾涡面和时间步进法在时域中处理振动翼的尾涡存储效应,在尾涡面上应用等压Kutta条件并通过New-ton-Raphson法进行迭代求解,对在无限域中的振动翼水动力特性进行计算和研究;通过数值计算结果与试验数据对比,证实本方法的有效性。     

Effect of surface roughness and initial gap on the vortex-induced vibrations of a freely vibrating cylinder in the vicinity of a plane wall

We studied the effects of the surface roughness and initial gap on the responses of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder near a stationary plane wall, employing numerical methods. The VIV response amplitudes, lock-in regions, hydrodynamic forces, VIV trajectories and flow fields for three different surface roughnesses and two different initial gaps were systematically compared. The results reveal that the reduced velocity range can be divided into three regions based on the VIV amplitude as pre-lock-in, lock-in, and post-lock-in regions. The width of the lock-in region is not sensitive to the variation of the roughness. The mean drag coefficient has a decreasing tendency with the increased roughness. For a small initial gap, the clockwise wall boundary layer vortices has coalesced with the clockwise vortices shed from the upper side of the cylinder, which further suppresses the shedding of the counter-clock wise vortices from the lower side of the cylinder. The vortex shedding flow pattern displays a weak 2S mode. However, for a large initial gap, there is no coalescing action operating in the wake region and hence most of the vortex shedding flow patterns show an asymmetric 2S mode.     

旋涡影响下的振动翼水动力性能

Fish are able to make good use of vortices. In a complex flow field, many fish continue to maintain both efficient cruising and maneuverability. Traditional man-made propulsion systems perform poorly in complex flow fields. With fish-like propulsion systems, it is important to pay more attention to complex flow fields. In this paper, the influence of vortices on the hydrodynamic performance of 2-D flapping-foils was investigated. The flapping-foil heaved and pitched under the influence of inflow vortices generated by an oscillating D-section cylinder. A numerical simulation was run based the finite volume method, using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations applied. In addition, dynamic mesh technology and post processing systems were also fully used. The calculations showed four modes of interaction. The hydrodynamic performance of flapping-foils was analyzed and the results compared with experimental data. This validated the numerical simulation, confirming that flapping-foils can increase efficiency by absorbing energy from inflow vortices.     

均匀粘性流体中截断直立圆柱体受迫振荡的三维数值模拟

研究了直立截断圆柱体受迫振荡时的三维绕流问题.以不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,采用有限体积法和PISO算法,以自身泻涡频率为振荡频率建立数值模型对受迫振荡圆柱体进行研究分析.分析对比了受迫振荡圆柱体与静止圆柱体力系数差别及流场特性,并取多组雷诺数对柱体的力系数和流场进行了研究分析,总结了受迫振荡圆柱体力系数幅值及平均力系数随雷诺数的变化规律.     

水翼对斜浪的运动响应

水翼船实船使用表明,在斜浪作用下,“全浸式”水翼船的运动性能明显优于传统的“割划式”水翼船。根据这种现象,结合一型川江水翼客船的设计需要,针对上述两种水翼型式进行了实船调研、理论分析与计算、模型试验等大量研究工作。阐述了其主要研究结果,以供水翼船研究设计参考。     

Slow drift damping force acting on a horizontal cylinder

The hydrodynamic forces acting on a circular cylinder and a rectangular cylinder undergoing slow drift oscillation in regular waves were investigated experimentally and numerically. Forced oscillation tests with low frequency and large amplitude in regular waves and forced two-harmonic oscillation with combined low and high frequencies were carried out in the experimental study. In the numerical study a finite-difference method was used to simulate viscous flow around a two-dimensional oscillating cylinder. The results of experiments showed that a horizontal rectangular cylinder oscillating slowly in waves has much higher damping coefficients than one oscillating in two-harmonic mode, while the numerical study indicated that such differences in the damping coefficient arise partly from the different effects of one-direction harmonic flow and rotating flow on the vortex shedding caused by the slow drift oscillation.     

解三维水翼绕流的下潜涡环栅格法

在包含于机翼表面内的某次表面及尾涡面上分布法向偶极子,在翼面上满足物面边界条件,建立了解三维机翼绕流的下潜涡环栅格法.考虑到非线性的自由液面边界条件,用下潜涡环栅格法求解水翼绕流问题.通过算例验证了方法的正确性和程序的可靠性.本方法可用于水翼及水下安定翼和各种舵的水动力计算.     

基于LES方法圆柱绕流三维数值模拟(英文)

采用计算流体软件CFX5中large.eddy simulation(LES)模型计算了均匀流场中三维圆柱绕流的水动力特性.使用有限体积法对三维N-S方程进行求解.数值模拟着重研究了高雷诺数时展向各截面的压力、阻力、升力及涡管特性.数值计算结果表明:展向各截面柱体受力关于中截面对称且小于二维情况,柱体周围流场呈现明显的三维特性.