常规动力潜艇进排气系统的风险分析与评价

应用故障树和事件树分析(FFA／ETA)对常规动力潜艇的进排气系统进行风险分析和评价。计算了四种功能系统产生失效而导致事故的概率，并对发生事故后的后果进行了分析。所得结果可供常规动力潜艇设计参考。     

精对苯二甲酸生产中催化剂的应用

介绍我国精对苯二甲酸装置发展情况和生产工艺,着重介绍了Pd/C催化剂的使用情况,分析了影响催化剂失活的原因,对催化剂开发提出一些建议.     

夹芯复合材料/钢板胶接接头力学特性

对4种夹芯复合材料/钢板连接接头进行四点弯曲试验和数值研究。试验获得了接头的失效载荷、载荷-位移曲线以及失效模式,通过对比发现接头的承载能力与接头形式有很大关系。采用有限元方法获取了接头载荷-位移曲线以及应力分布,并研究了接头各设计参数对接头弯曲刚度的影响。     

基于加速退化的柱塞泵可靠性与寿命评估

针对舰船火炮人工后座液压系统中关键元件柱塞泵的传统寿命试验存在时间段长、费用支出高，难以满足快速可靠性评估的实际需求这一问题，以容积效率为失效判据标准，以出口压力为加速应力因子，在4种不同压力水平下进行恒定加速性能退化试验，采用最小二乘法对容积效率退化量进行5种不同退化轨迹拟合，并通过TOPSIS理论求得最优轨迹为指数型退化轨迹。针对伪寿命样本单一性问题，采用不同压力下时间折算公式对寿命样本进行样本扩增，通过对3种寿命分布模型的参数估计与K-S检验，得出其伪寿命服从Weibull分布。结合逆幂律加速模型得到额定工作压力下柱塞泵的中位寿命为2 3481 h，平均寿命为23 145 h，以及其可靠度函数等可靠性指标。结果表明：舰船火炮人工后座液压系统中柱塞泵在较长使用时间内有较高的可靠度，达到较长使用时间后逐渐下降，满足其长寿命、高可靠性的设计要求。这为舰船火炮人工后座液压系统中柱塞泵应力加速退化试验提供了标准参考。     

基于 Glyphworks 的汽车排气系统加速耐久试验载荷谱的研究

在损伤等效和失效模式相同的前提下,应用疲劳分析软件 Glyphworks,对从试验场采集的汽车排气系统道路载荷谱进行编辑。得到预计试验时间和保留不同损伤量的台架试验加速载荷谱编辑结果,并进行试验验证。结果表明：与传统耐久试验方法相比,该方法能在更短的时间内准确再现失效模式。     

2,6-二苯基苯酚中间体合成研究

阐述了以环己酮为原料进行自缩合反应合成2，6-二苯基苯酚中间体三聚酮。考察了使用不同催化剂、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、移除反应生成水等不同条件对反应的影响。试验表明，在以氢氧化钾为催化剂，反应温度175℃，反应时间2．5h-3h条件下，环己酮转化率达到80％，三聚酮收率达到38．9％，三聚酮选择性达到48．4％。     

风电安装平台插桩过程的试验与理论研究

针对风电安装平台在多层土中的插桩过程,通过现场取样测试获取土壤的物理参数,并通过插桩试验得到其平均插桩深度,以此建立插桩过程的数值模型,对插桩阻力与深度的变化规律以及土壤的流动失效机制进行了研究。结果表明,经验法选取土壤弹性模量与实际相差较大,试验测出的平均插桩深度为7.3m;数值结果与试验结果吻合良好,证明了理论模型的正确性;土壤发生了表面隆起、空腔形成、壁面坍塌和土壤回流四种失效模式。     

氧分离器腐蚀失效分析

通过金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜试验、扫描俄歇微探针，X射线衍射试验对氧分离器腐蚀失效进行了全面分析，讨论了其腐蚀失效的原因和机理，并提出了改进措施。     

复合材料层合板螺栓连接接头极限强度分析

对基于不同渐进失效准则计算复合材料层合板螺栓连接接头极限承载力的高精度预报方法展开研究。基于Abaqus有限元软件,采用USDFLD子程序对接头进行渐进失效分析。分别采用最大应力准则、蔡-希尔失效判据、霍夫曼失效准则、蔡-吴失效准则、哈辛失效准则等5种失效准则进行数值计算。建立不同的场变量描述纤维、基体、界面的损伤状态,研究复合材料层合板螺栓连接接头在拉伸载荷作用下的损伤发展过程。研究表明,基于这5种失效准则计算的有限元仿真结果均与试验值较为接近,其中采用纤维失效和基体失效分开考虑的哈辛失效准则计算的复合材料层合板螺栓连接接头的极限强度与试验结果的准确度吻合最好,较适用于复合材料螺栓连接结构的有限元仿真。     

新型霍加拉特催化剂催化燃烧性能研究

本文选用CO、H2、苯、正庚烷作为单一代表物实验，选用苯-正庚烷作为联合代表物实验，考察了氟利昂（R12、R22、R134a）在两种催化剂上的分解情况。实验结果表明：1号和2号催化剂随着温度的升高，催化活性逐渐升高，且在260qC〉7,下都能够有效消除各种有害气体；1号催化剂的催化活性和抗湿性能优于2号催化剂；苯对正庚烷的消除起促进作用，而正庚烷抑制苯的消除；在315℃，R12、R22、R134a在1号催化剂上的分解率高于2号催化剂；在260℃时，R12在1号和2号催化剂上的分解率分别降到了18．7％和1％，R134a的分解率降到了2％，而R22分解率降低较少。     

柴油机排气污染物PM和NOx催化处理反应平台设计与应用

使用自行设计的程序温控的催化反应平台和模拟配气系统相连接,测试并获得催化剂的催化还原NOx和催化氧化PM的准确的催化性能数据.使用该催化反应平台和常柴CZ2102型柴油机实验平台相连接,获得在稀燃条件下介孔镧铈锆铝复合氧化物对PM和NOx的催化处理实验的应用数据.为同时去除柴油机排气污染物PM颗粒和NOx的工程应用打下坚实的基础.     

On maximum forces exerted by floating ice on a structure due to constrained thermal expansion of ice

The problem of interaction between a floating ice cover and an engineering structure is considered, in which the ice–structure contact forces are caused by an increase in ice temperature due to solar radiation in situations, when the lateral thermal expansion of ice is constrained. The focus is on the determination of the maximum thermally-induced horizontal force exerted on a structure wall, assuming that the magnitude of this force is bound by the smallest force capable of fracturing the ice cover due to its buckling. The ice cover is modelled as a rectangular plate of uniform thickness, with its four edges being constrained by vertical rigid walls, and it is assumed that ice deforms, and eventually fails, by the mechanism of viscous creep buckling. The plate is subjected to in-plane axial compressive stresses developing in ice to prevent its thermal expansion due to solar heating, and is transversely (vertically) bent by the forces caused by the reaction of underlying water. The floating ice is treated as a material whose elastic and viscous properties depend on temperature and the ice porosity, and therefore they vary with time and the depth of ice. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for a variety of the ice plate horizontal dimensions, thicknesses and daytime temperature-change scenarios, illustrate the evolution of the plate deflection surface prior to its failure, and show the time variation of the maximum forces exerted by ice on a structure wall as functions of the ice thickness and maximum daytime temperature rise at the top surface of ice.     

On the effect of the ply stacking sequence on the failure of composite pipes under external pressure

The use of high performance structural composites has become very important over the last decades, especially where weight is an essential factor. Particularly in the oil and gas industry, several designs of composite pipes for deep water applications have been recently proposed as competitive solutions against traditional steel pipes. Thus, it is important to assess the performance of composite pipes under high external pressure in order to avoid pipe failure or overconservative designs. In this paper, experimental tests of different composite pipe configurations are performed and then compared to analytical and numerical predictions. Unlike the case of internal pressure loads, the collapse pressure of composite pipes depends on the initial ovality and on the ply stacking sequence. The collapse resistance of different composite pipes is firstly studied through simplified analytical equations combined with different failure criteria. Then, a finite element model is developed using a progressive failure criterion [1]. Both analytical and numerical failure predictions were compared to experimental tests carried out on four composite pipes produced with different ply stacking sequence by the filament winding method [2]. An experimental-numerical-analytical comparison shows that numerical and analytical models provide results in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. Finally, a parametric analysis is carried out to show the effect of ovality and ply stacking sequence on the failure pressure of composite pipes.     

低温CO氧化负载型贵金属催化剂的研究概述

本文概述了负载型贵金属催化剂的低温CO氧化性能影响因素,在制备工艺、低温活性、抗毒抗湿能力等方面进行了比较,并提出了贵金属催化剂领域尚待解决和深入研究的问题。     

Au40 Pd20合金原子团簇惰性气体氛围凝聚动力学行为研究

采用蒙特卡洛方法,结合Tight-binding和Lennard-Jones作用势,对Ar原子氛围中初始随机分布的40个Au原子和20个Pd原子体系的凝聚动力学行为进行了研究．Ar原子氛围对合金团簇的形成过程及其形貌尺寸有重要影响,计算表明：不同的Ar原子氛围得到的Au40 Pd20合金原子团簇凝聚结构形貌不同;在降温退火过程中, Ar原子密度大时,得到的Au40 Pd20合金原子团簇结构更加紧凑,且Au40 Pd20合金团簇凝聚相变温度更高;而恒温退火过程中,则发现较高温度时能得到较为紧凑的合金团簇结构,Ar原子密度越大,系统到达平衡的动力学时间更短．模拟结果能为惰性气体冷凝方法中实现合金团簇结构与形貌可控制备提供参考．     

疏水催化剂用于水相消氢的动力学实验研究

采用Pt／SDB疏水催化剂对水相消氢动力学进行了实验研究，测定了不同温度下的反应速率常数，结果表明，水相消氢反应级数为一级，反应速率常数随温度的升高而显著增大，反应的表观活化能为20．1kJ／mol。     

Towards a unified methodology for the simulation of rupture in collision and grounding of ships

The aim of the work is the definition of a procedure for the numerical simulation of the response of ship structures under accidental loading conditions, which suffer various different modes of failure, such as tension, bending, tearing and crushing and in particular to investigate the effect of material modeling, i.e. material curve and rupture criterion as well as mesh size and strain rate effect on the results. To this end, different material models and simulation techniques were used for the simulation of eighteen indentation tests conducted by different research groups. The simulations were performed using the explicit finite element code ABAQUS 6.10-2. The tests refer to the quasi-static and dynamic transverse and in-plane loading of various thin walled structures which represent parts of a ship structure. Three rupture criteria are incorporated into VUMAT subroutine, which interacts with the explicit finite element code and refers to an isotropic hardening material that follows the J₂ flow theory assuming plane stress conditions, in order to investigate the prediction and propagation of rupture. The focus is on investigating whether it is possible to define a unified methodology, which is appropriate for the simulation of all different tests. Consistency in the numerical results is observed with the use of an equivalent plastic strain criterion, in which formulation a cutoff value for triaxialities below −1/3 is included.     

Structural stability of polymer matrix composite panels in fire

Development in advanced composite fabrication technology offers the clear prospect of cost effective application of polymer matrix composites for large load-bearing structures. However, polymer matrix composites can be severely degradated under the thermal condition caused by fire. This paper addresses the compressive load-bearing capacity for polymer matrix composite panels in naval structures and civil infrastructures under the combined thermal–mechanical condition. The failure modes arising from structural instability for single skin and sandwich panels in such combined thermal–mechanical condition are the focus in this study. The thermal field under fire heating and the degradation of mechanical properties with elevated temperature are discussed. Analytical solutions for these mechanical failure modes are presented for design considerations. The approach to the development of a quantitative methodology for fire protection design is discussed in the context of the analyses and the experiments. Design diagrams are constructed to design mechanical loads for given fire protection time, and on the opposite, to design fire protection time for given mechanical loads.     

铜锰型CO常温消除催化剂水汽中毒机制的研究

通过对一种典型的铜锰型催化剂———德国德尔格催化剂通水蒸气条件下失活规律的研究,以及XRD,XPS,TG-DTA,TEM等物理手段对催化剂失活前后结构特点的表征,我们发现,催化剂失活前后,其体相结构和微观形貌没有明显的改变,但失活催化剂表面上出现了明显的碳酸盐组分。作者认为,锰离子具有较多的d空轨道,在有水蒸气存在的条件下,可能成为水分子的强吸附中心。滞留于催化剂表面的水分子与CO2反应生成碳酸根,掩盖了活性位,导致催化剂失活。     

铜锰型CO常温消除催化剂水汽中毒机制的研究

通过对一种典型的铜锰型催化剂--德国德尔格催化剂通水蒸气条件下失活规律的研究,以及XRD,XPS,TG-DTA,TEM等物理手段对催化剂失活前后结构特点的表征,我们发现,催化剂失活前后,其体相结构和微观形貌没有明显的改变,但失活催化剂表面上出现了明显的碳酸盐组分。作者认为,锰离子具有较多的d空轨道,在有水蒸气存在的条件下,可能成为水分子的强吸附中心。滞留于催化剂表面的水分子与CO2反应生成碳酸根,掩盖了活性位,导致催化剂失活。