受侵蚀混凝土内硫酸根离子扩散及分布规律试验研究

采用化学分析方法研究了在不同浓度的硫酸钠溶液中长期浸泡腐蚀混凝土中硫酸根离子浓度的分布规律，采用TG—DSC（热重分析-差示扫描量热法）方法研究了混凝土受硫酸盐腐蚀的微观机理。研究表明：混凝土表面硫酸根离子浓度随腐蚀龄期增加而增大，硫酸根离子扩散系数随腐蚀龄期增加而减小。以Fick定律为基础，结合试验结果建立了硫酸钠溶液浸泡条件下的混凝土中硫酸根离子浓度预测模型，提出了混凝土表面硫酸根离子浓度和硫酸根离子在混凝土中的扩散系数计算公式。     

混凝土在硫酸盐、氯盐复合溶液定向腐蚀下劣化规律研究

在隧道环境中混凝土一面与空气接触,另一面与土壤接触,因此普遍存在混凝土单面定向环境水腐蚀现象.文中模拟了隧道混凝土在硫酸盐与氯盐复合作用下定向腐蚀的过程,将普通混凝土试块做半密封处理,放在3种溶液(质量分数为10%的Na_2SO_4溶液、5%NaCl+10%Na_2SO_4复合溶液、10%NaCl+10%Na_2SO_4溶液)中长期浸泡,研究混凝土中不同氯离子情况下硫酸根离子传输规律;通过超声声速计算混凝土的相对动弹性模量(Erd),探究混凝土在复杂腐蚀环境中损伤失效规律;最后通过微观检测研究腐蚀规律的微观机理.结果表明:在腐蚀溶液中氯离子的存在降低了硫酸根离子的扩散能力,明显降低了混凝土的硫酸盐腐蚀程度,并且氯离子浓度对硫酸根离子扩散抑制作用成正相关;受硫腐蚀混凝土相对动弹模经历了先增加,后降低的过程;受混合溶液腐蚀混凝土相对动弹模量降低程度明显低于受单一硫酸盐腐蚀后的混凝土.     

预应力混凝土梁荷载正应力分布试验研究

预应力混凝土受弯构件因外荷载作用产生的断面正应力分布基本符合线性分布。在受拉区完全可以用线性分布公式计算混凝土拉应力,在受压区混凝土边缘处按线性分布公式计算则误差较大。在进行重要预应力受弯构件设计时,需要校核受压区混凝土边缘压应力。本文对此进行了试验研究,此试验结果可作为设计校核参考,文中还给出了设计校核的参考公式。     

恒定荷载对海工高性能混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响

通常混凝土构件均处于受力状态,而对自由状态的混凝土试件开展耐久性研究很难真实地反映出混凝土构件的耐久性状况。本研究采用施加恒定压荷载和弯曲荷载的方式,研究荷载对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响。结果表明:混凝土试件纯受弯段的氯离子浓度随弯曲应力水平的提高而增大,且混凝土内的氯离子渗透深度随应力水平的增加而增大。试件距暴露面相同深度处的氯离子浓度随着压应力水平的提高先减少后增大。混凝土试件的氯离子扩散系数随压应力水平提高而先减少后增大,压应力水平较低时可提高混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能。对于典型的海洋工程高性能混凝土配合比,混凝土试件的弯曲应力与其恒定荷载影响因子之间呈近似指数函数关系,在混凝土结构耐久性设计中应考虑弯曲荷载对氯离子扩散系数的影响。     

超高性能混凝土（UHPC）高温力学性能研究进展

超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)由于具有超高轴压强度、高韧性和高致密性等优点,受到了工程结构建造与加固领域广泛的关注。未来UHPC在建筑工程领域的普遍应用使得其耐高温力学性能不可忽视。本文对超高性能混凝土高温中和高温后的轴压、轴拉性能、应力-应变关系和断裂能进行了总结,深入分析了超性能混凝土耐高温力学性能的关键影响因素,着重归纳了历经不同高温度下及高温后各参数对超高性能混凝土轴压、轴拉、断裂能以及应力-应变关系的影响规律,指出了当前超高性能混凝土耐高温力学性能需深入研究的方向。     

硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土内部硫酸根离子浓度测试方法

在总结现有测试方法的基础上,经过实测验证,提出遭受硫酸盐侵蚀后混凝土由表及里分层硫酸根浓度的一套测试方法。该方法通过钻取芯样、分层切片并研磨成粉末,精确称量粉末制成试样,然后用改进的硫酸钡重量法测定各试样中硫酸根离子含量,从而测得混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀后由表及里的硫酸根离子浓度分布情况和腐蚀深度,为研究硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土机理研究提供了测试方法。     

循环载荷混合作用下加筋板格极限强度的研究

通过采用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS进行循环载荷作用下加筋板格的极限强度研究,获得循环载荷作用下加筋板结构中残余应力、侧向荷载、随动强化及循环应变幅混合作用对极限强度的影响规律。数值结果显示:加筋板在0.16 MPa侧压、15%残余压应力、3.2倍屈服应变幅下,循环4次后的极限强度下降达39%,这表明循环载荷混合作用对极限强度的影响是不可忽视的。该研究成果对于进一步理解和研究船体梁在循环载荷作用下的递增塑性破坏的机理具有一定的理论价值和实用价值。     

箱型沉管抗裂混凝土的配合比优化设计

箱型沉管结构复杂、体形庞大,混凝土在硬化过程中受到水化热、收缩、沉降等多重因素的影响导致变形,而变形又受到各种约束的作用产生拉应力.当产生的拉应力超过混凝土的极限抗拉强度时,混凝土就会开裂.箱型沉管混凝土控裂是施工中的难题之一.从影响混凝土开裂的几大因素出发,对混凝土材料本体组分进行优化设计,辅以一定的功能阻裂材料,为工程提供了抗裂性能良好的混凝土配合比.     

内压对锥柱耐压壳焊接残余应力影响的数值模拟与试验研究

耐压结构在使用前一般都要进行内压试验,经过内压试验后结构的焊接残余应力会发生改变。残余应力的变化会对结构的力学特性有一定影响。文章首先运用ANSYS的APDL语言编写了大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型焊接残余应力数值模拟程序,对耐压结构的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后残余应力的变化进行计算;然后,采用X射线无损检测方法对该大尺度锥柱耐压壳模型的初始残余应力和经过内压试验后的残余应力进行测量。计算结果与试验结果表明,随着内压增加,内壳残余拉应力不断降低;而外壳残余压应力则变化不大;并且数值模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。该文研究结果为更加合理可靠地进行耐压结构力学特性分析提供了理论依据。     

波浪循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土孔压发展模式

利用循环三轴试验对波浪循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土的孔压发展进行了研究,考虑了固结应力、循环应力幅值和循环周期等因素对孔压发展的影响。试验发现,在循环荷载初期,平均孔压的增长较迅速,而循环荷载的后期孔压增长较缓慢;循环应力幅值越大,固结应力越小及循环荷载周期越大,土体中的孔压越大。根据试验结果建立了拟合孔压与循环周数的数学关系式,并研究了不同试验条件对参数的影响。分析表明:循环应力幅值比越大,固结应力越小及参数u*max越大,固结应力对参数k、t的影响较小,参数k、t随着循环应力比值分别近似呈线性降低和线性增大的趋势;不同循环周期的参数u*max和t近似为常数,参数k随着循环周期的变化呈线性降低趋势。     

混凝土双轴力学性能的细观数值模拟

目前混凝土和钢筋混凝土建筑物多是以单轴强度为标准设计的,但实际上,大多数建筑物均处于多轴应力状态.文中从细观层次上分析了混凝土的内部结构,对混凝土试块在双轴应力作用下的力学特性进行了较为全面的随机骨料模型数值模拟.试验成果表明,试件的双轴强度与单轴强度相比有显著区别,而且与应力比有很大的关系,混凝土的非均质性表现的更为突出.通过模拟试件在双轴应力作用下的强度包络图可以看出,常规混凝土的薄弱环节是骨料与砂浆基质之间的粘结面,裂纹沿界面扩展并最终导致试件的破坏,这与室内实验所得结果是相似的,试件的破坏形态也基本与实验中观察到的一致.因此在结构设计中如果考虑到这些情况,则可以避免浪费材料或者受力考虑不足造成结构处于危险状态.     

Chloride diffusion models for Type I and fly ash cement concrete exposed to field and laboratory conditions

The exposure temperature significantly affects the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete, and, as such, it must be taken into consideration in the development of service-life prediction models for structures exposed to chloride-bearing environments. Most of the earlier studies have used cement paste to assess the effect of exposure temperature on chloride diffusion. In the reported study, chloride diffusion in Type I and fly ash (20% fly ash) cement concrete was evaluated under field and laboratory conditions. The laboratory concrete specimens were exposed to chloride solution maintained at four temperatures (22, 35, 50 and 60 °C) for 365 days. Beam specimens were exposed in the tidal zone of a marine exposure site, along the Arabian Gulf coast, for up to 10 years to study the chloride diffusion in the field specimens. The coefficient of chloride diffusion (D_a) in the concrete specimens exposed to 22 or 35 ᵒC in the laboratory was less than that in the concrete specimens exposed to 50 and 60 ᵒC. The D_a for Type I cement concrete specimens increased by 3.6 times as the temperature was increased from 22 to 60 ᵒC while this increase was 2.3 times for the fly ash cement concrete specimens for a similar increase in the temperature. The D_a decreased with the period of exposure in the field specimens. The values of activation energy that can be used for predicting the chloride diffusion for exposure temperature within the range of 22–60 °C were developed based on the laboratory data. In addition, mathematical models were developed relating the coefficient of chloride diffusion in the field and laboratory concrete specimens. The developed models can be utilized to ascertain chloride diffusion in field specimens, utilizing the laboratory values, and hence calculate the useful service-life of structures.     

Axial compressive behavior of stainless steel tube confined concrete column piers

The steel tube confined concrete (STCC) column piers of marine structures have been proposed in recent years. The main advantages of STCC piers include the convenient construction process and improved core concrete strength. This research presents an experimental investigation on stainless steel tube confined concrete (SSTCC) column piers subjected to axial loading. Thirty two specimens were prepared and tested. Test variables included section shape, steel tube thickness, and concrete strength. Failure modes, axial ultimate compressive strength, strain characteristics, rigidity, confinement effect, and ductility were comprehensively investigated. Test results demonstrated that the main failure modes for circular and square specimens were concrete shear failure and steel tube fracture caused by concrete deformation, respectively. The axial compressive ultimate strength was affected by the tube thickness and concrete strength. The ultimate strength increased with the increase in the confinement factor, and the increasing ratio of the circular specimens was five times to that of square specimens. The differences in axial ultimate compressive strength of SSTCC column piers, carbon steel tube confined concrete column piers, and concrete filled steel tube column piers were also analyzed. Increasing tube thickness could increase the ductility and rigidity of the specimens. Moreover, axial ultimate compressive strengths were calculated and discussed based on different calculation models.     

海洋环境下港口工程混凝土界面过渡区氯离子扩散系数模型

通过现场暴露物理试验,实测得到了港口工程混凝土及相对应的水泥砂浆试件中氯离子的浓度分布结果,经回归分析分别得到了这两种试件的氯离子扩散系数。以此为基础,定量评估了粗骨料的稀释、曲折和界面过渡区效应对混凝土中氯离子扩散系数的影响,并建立了混凝土界面过渡区氯离子扩散系数模型。基于混凝土中氯离子扩散的细观数值模拟方法,验证了所建立的混凝土界面过渡区氯离子扩散系数模型的正确性。对细观数值模拟结果的分析可知:界面过渡区对混凝土中仅考虑粗骨料的稀释和曲折效应的氯离子扩散系数的提升效应不可忽略,应充分考虑界面过渡区的存在对混凝土中氯离子浓度分布和扩散特性的影响。     

基于海洋暴露试验的氯离子扩散系数时空模型研究

在我国腐蚀条件最为恶劣的海南八所港,对3种配合比的混凝土试件进行实海暴露试验,通过测定浪溅区条件下氯离子在混凝土中侵入量,研究氯离子有效扩散系数随时间和深度的演变,为准确预测混凝土结构的使用寿命提供参考。     

Degradation of bond strength and deformation between TRC-confined seawater sand concrete and BFRP bars under chloride corrosion environment

The interfacial bonding performance between seawater sand concrete and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars were tested under different textile reinforced concrete (TRC) confinement layers, confinement sequences and chloride salt dry-wet cycles. The results show that TRC confinement can change the failure mode of the specimen and improve the ductility of specimens. With the increase of corrosion age, compared with the specimens with the same restrained layers in the conventional environment, the ultimate bond strength of restrained specimens before corrosion gradually decreases, and the slip value when reaching the ultimate bond strength also slightly decreases. The bond strength of the pre-restrained corroded specimens has the same development trend. Based on the bond-slip model of deformed steel bars and concrete proposed by Eligehansen for the first time in 1983—BPE model, under the control of TRC confinement and corrosion age, the relationship between the TRC confinement layer and the ultimate bond strength and slip of seawater sand concrete and BFRP steel bar is established. By fitting and predicting the ultimate bond strength, corresponding slip value, and corrosion age control of different TRC confinement layers, it is found that the confinement effect will not be significantly improved when the confinement layers exceed 4 layers. Under long-term chloride corrosion, the failure mode of the specimen may still change into splitting failure when the number of restrained layers is small.     

钢纤维混凝土断裂性能的试验研究

钢纤维混凝土由于能有效地改善混凝土材料的力学性能,在道路工程中得到了较多的应用。文中对钢纤维混凝土在不同纤维含量、不同试件宽度以及不同初始裂缝深度下的断裂性能进行了试验研究。研究表明钢纤维混凝土的临界应力强度因子KIc和临界J-积分JIc与试件宽度无关,但随着初始裂缝深度的增加而减小。