水下航行器水动力噪声分离预报

近年来,水下航行器的声隐蔽性受到广泛关注,而有关其水动力噪声的研究却较少。将水动力噪声分为壳体流噪声、壳体流激振动噪声、螺旋桨流噪声和螺旋桨流激振动噪声4类,采用大涡模拟(LES)结合Light-hill声类比混合计算方法,对水下航行器的水动力噪声进行分离预报。首先,采用已有文献数据验证该混合声学计算方法的有效性。随后,对水下航行器壳体和螺旋桨三维流场的流噪声和流激振动噪声进行数值模拟和分析。结果表明,4类噪声均与速度呈非线性关系。在上游段,螺旋桨流激振动噪声为主要噪声;在下游段,壳体流噪声所占比例最大。在低速时,由壳体激发的水动力噪声是主要噪声;随着航速的增大,由螺旋桨激发的水动力噪声占总噪声的比例逐渐增加;总体水动力噪声能量随航速的增大而增大。     

水下潜器首部声基阵区流噪声研究方法

水下潜器在航行过程中,主要使用声呐来探测敌方舰艇以及自身位置。主声呐一般安放在潜艇首部位置,可分为主动声呐与被动声呐。在探测目标时,噪声是2种声呐系统都必须克服的干扰因素。针对自噪声中的流噪声,首先使用LES模型对水下潜器的外流场进行仿真计算。在获得流场中的脉动压力分布后,将其导入基于Lighthill声类比理论的声学软件ACTRAN中进行声场仿真计算,实现了对水下潜器首部声基阵区流噪声的数值预报。研究了航速、共形阵的安装位置和基阵单元安装面形状对声基阵区流噪声传播的影响。结果表明:航速越大,流噪声越大;增大声呐安装面与导流罩的距离以及使用较光滑的安装面,可以减小声基阵区流噪声的大小。     

水下潜器首部声基阵区流噪声研究方法

水下潜器在航行过程中,主要使用声呐来探测敌方舰艇以及自身位置.主声呐一般安放在潜艇首部位置,可分为主动声呐与被动声呐.在探测目标时,噪声是2种声呐系统都必须克服的干扰因素.针对自噪声中的流噪声,首先使用LES模型对水下潜器的外流场进行仿真计算.在获得流场中的脉动压力分布后,将其导入基于Lighthill声类比理论的声学软件ACTRAN中进行声场仿真计算,实现了对水下潜器首部声基阵区流噪声的数值预报.研究了航速、共形阵的安装位置和基阵单元安装面形状对声基阵区流噪声传播的影响.结果表明:航速越大,流噪声越大;增大声呐安装面与导流罩的距离以及使用较光滑的安装面,可以减小声基阵区流噪声的大小.     

声类比水下圆柱绕流声学特性研究

本文以三维刚性圆柱为研究对象,开展了基于大涡模拟和Lighthill声类比理论的混合数值模拟方法研究,确定了合适的声学计算模型参数。结合噪声频域特性和声学指向性,对比分析了不同雷诺数(Re=4.3×10~4、Re=1.0×10~5、Re=1.8×10~5和Re=2.5×10~5)、不同间距比(L/D=2、3、4和5)和不同排列方式(串联、并联和交错45°)下有限高单圆柱及双圆柱的水动力噪声特性,讨论了雷诺数、间距比以及排列方式对圆柱绕流水动力噪声的影响,为实现水下钝体和航行器流噪声的精确预报提供了详细的数值模拟方法指导。     

流激噪声数值计算方法及声学积分面影响性研究

在流声耦合领域中,水下航行体复杂流动与流激噪声研究具有重要的学术意义与实用价值。文章对FW-H声学类比方法、渗流FW-H声学类比方法、Kirchhoff方法与Powell涡声理论进行了物理内涵与数学公式的详细比较;然后利用大涡模拟结合四种声计算方法数值计算了三维NACA0015机翼、机翼/圆柱结合体、方腔产生的流激辐射噪声,并与国内外试验结果进行了对比,分析了四种声计算方法的计算精度与计算效率;最后,对围壳流激噪声进行了数值预报与试验验证,计算了围壳在不同水速下的流激噪声变化规律,并探讨了声学积分面对计算结果的影响。     

船体绕流场及流噪声的CFD模拟方法

CFD数值模拟技术可以为船舶水下噪声水平和噪声传播提供高精度的预报,同时还可以洞察船体绕流场的变化。本文利用VOF方法与SSTκ-ω两方程湍流模型用于求解船舶非定常粘性流场,并结合FW-H方程进行噪声传播。基于Lighthill声类比理论,对不同球鼻首船型的噪声进行数值计算,对船体流噪声的空间指向性、近远场分布特性进行分析。计算结果表明,CFD技术可以用于模拟分析船舶的绕流场和流致发声问题,能够为低噪声船体线型设计提供参考。     

基于无限元方法预报非均匀流中螺旋桨的流噪声

为了系统地研究非均匀流场中螺旋桨流噪声的特点,采用CFD与声学无限元方法结合的方式,对螺旋桨的频域噪声进行数值预报。通过采用大涡模拟方法对非均匀流场中的螺旋桨水动力性能进行计算,然后运用ACTRAN软件的声学无限元方法,对螺旋桨的无空泡噪声进行数值模拟,并对特征点进行频域分析。流场计算结果显示:非定常计算得到的螺旋桨水动力系数与试验值吻合良好,LES模拟得到的流场初值是可信的;通过分析噪声分布云图及特征点频谱曲线得出:非均匀流场中螺旋桨的辐射噪声主要集中在低频段,且该频段的噪声主要由偶极子组成,同时噪声衰减速度随频率增大而减小,螺旋桨轴向声压级高于径向两侧,验证了计算结果的可靠性,为螺旋桨的水下噪声预报提供了一种新的方法。     

不同舵角的舵翼结构涡量及流噪声特性分析

以梯形舵翼结构为研究对象,采用CFD大涡模拟及Lighthill声类比理论对不同舵角下舵翼结构的流场和声场进行数值预报,分析其涡量特性及流噪声特性。结果表明:来流速度相同时,随着舵角的增大,涡系越来越复杂,涡量及流噪声也随之增大;涡系主要集中在稳定翼的导边、舵翼的尾缘及舵与稳定翼之间;舵翼结构流噪声的声压级频谱频带较宽,无明显的主频率出现;低频时声压级幅值较大,并且随着频率升高而持续下降;舵翼尾缘及稳定翼导边前缘的声场强度比翼型两侧的声场强度大,这也和流场涡量分析结果一致,进而说明了涡流是产生流噪声的根本原因。     

流致噪声机理及预报方法研究综述

从自由湍流噪声、壁面湍流噪声、转子噪声和空腔流动4个方面对流致噪声机理及预报方法进行综述。对目前工程应用中的3个主要流致噪声预报方法,即Lighthill声比拟理论、Kirchhoff方法和涡声理论的基本原理及适用性进行详细讨论,并对流致噪声数值模拟方法进行总结。其中,Lighthill声比拟理论属噪声源先验理论,虽方便应用但不能描述声流相互作用基础问题;Kirchhoff方法在运用的过程中虽不需要确切获知源的属性,但声源区的计算精度很重要;涡声理论在声流相互作用等领域有着良好的研究前景。自由湍流噪声以四极子雷诺应力源为主,存在如螺旋桨等固壁边界时则会产生偶极子源,在低马赫数流动中是更为有效的声源。     

粘性流体通过二维振荡圆柱的声辐射研究

本文建立了一个低马赫数下的求解远场声密度的数值模型,该模型利用Navier-Stokes方程计算二维粘性流体通过固定/弹性支撑圆柱的流场,利用Lighthill声比拟理论计算该流场产生的水动力噪声.文中仔细地给出了远场二维声辐射的公式.利用这些公式分别讨论了不同雷诺数下(Re<200和Re>5000)固定/弹性支撑圆柱绕流的声辐射.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补强度和刚度数值分析

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对复合材料补片修复含边裂纹和中心裂纹钢板的强度和刚度进行了数值分析.引入相对刚度的概念,研究了钻有止裂孔裂纹的长度对损伤钢板相对刚度的影响,分析了损伤钢板刚度复合材料贴片修补效果;引入屈服载荷提高率的概念,分析了损伤钢板强度的修复效果.     

舰艇反鱼雷技术

对目前舰艇反鱼雷技术中的非杀伤、软杀伤和硬杀伤等比较先进的手段进行了阐述,并在此基础上分析研究了舰艇反鱼雷技术的发展趋势。     

混凝土道路、堆场面层裂缝的产生与防治

从混凝土道路、堆场的各个结构层分析裂缝产生的原因,并针对性地说明预防措施,阐述裂缝维修方法。     

利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦区5000套住宅项目中心区设计

从确定符合项目实际情况的设计原则入手,通过利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦住宅区中心区总体布局和建筑设计两个方面的设计实践,探讨了"传统、现代与文脉"这一当今时代无法回避的文化议题。并且针对具有鲜明文化、宗教和气候特征的建筑设计的特点、方法与风格进行了总结,为今后的实践提供借鉴。     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.