基于国军标对腹板开孔强横梁加强方式的讨论

为满足船体空间的布置需要,船体横梁腹板的开孔参数往往会超出规范要求,从而对其横向极限承载能力造成不利影响。因此需要采取加强措施,以保证其原有的横向极限承载能力。针对该问题,本文选取一强横梁为研究对象,参照GJB 4000-2000对腹板开孔及加强方式的相关规定,分析强横梁在腹板开孔加强情况下的横向极限承载能力,并就超规范腹板开孔强横梁的加强方式做一些讨论。通过分析和讨论,得到一些可供超规范腹板开孔强横梁加强设计参考的结论和建议。     

船舶构件腹板开孔的弹性失稳与加强效果

本文用有限元法对开孔薄板的弹性稳定性进行了研究。对于在压缩载荷和剪切载荷作用下开有不同尺度的圆孔或矩形圆孔薄板的稳定强度,作了系统的计算和分析,并研究了矩形板长宽比对开孔板稳定强度的影响。为增强薄板开孔后的稳定强度,文中选择了加强筋、加强围壁和加强围板三种加强形式,系统地计算了不同加强尺度下这三种形式的加强效果。本文所得的计算图表和分析结果可用于船舶纵桁、横梁的腹板及肋板开孔稳定强度设计。     

船舶横梁纵桁腹板开孔应力集中计算

本文将解析分析与有限元数值分析相结合,研究了船舶纵桁和横梁腹板上开圆孔和腰圆孔后的应力集中问题,建立了用于梁结构应力集中的局部应力分析法。获得了:(1)开孔直径在1/10～1/2腹板高度变化范围、开孔位置可沿梁长度方向变化的孔口应力集中简便计算公式;(2)上述孔用不同厚度板加强或用围壁加强后的应力集中简便计算公式;(3)在研究了两个孔靠近后对孔口应力分布的影响后,提出了梁上开多孔时的应力集中计算方法。本文方法计算结果分别与光弹性试验、大型钢模试验结果和有限元法对整体梁的计算结果作了比较,表明本文方法可靠而方便。     

邮轮高腹板梁开孔应力分析

针对邮轮的甲板纵桁和横梁的腹板布置大量开孔,开孔削弱腹板截面尺寸,并且次弯距的影响显著,引起开孔边缘出现应力集中的问题,结合船级社规范开孔规则要求,采用有限元法分析开孔尺寸、开孔位置和补强方式对孔周切向正应力的影响,结果表明,孔周切向正应力对于开孔高度变化的敏感度大于开孔长度变化;当开孔的垂向位置越偏向面板时,孔周切向正应力增加趋势越明显;孔边缘加面板是最有效的减小应力集中的方式。     

腹板开孔的H型梁在压弯载荷下的失效行为和强度试验研究

腹板开孔的H型钢梁在船舶,航空器和海洋平台结构作为受弯构件被广泛运用。已有众多文献报道过关于腹板开孔梁遭受腹板卷曲破坏的情况,但腹板开孔加强遭受面板屈曲的情况未有详尽调查。因此文中开展6组试件的试验研究来调查腹板开孔的H型梁的失效行为和极限承载力,结果显示开孔影响了试件屈曲波的长度和数量。该研究结果可用于几何尺寸相似的实际结构。     

桁材开孔腹板的线性屈曲强度分析

船体在总纵弯曲时甲板纵桁和船底纵桁承受较大的轴向压力,而在桁材腹板上开孔会影响其腹板的屈曲强度.针对这一问题,应用有限元屈曲特征值分析方法对受轴向压力开孔腹板的屈曲载荷进行计算.通过对计算结果的分析,对开孔尺寸和开孔位置对腹板屈曲强度影响的规律进行了归纳,并对腰圆孔和圆孔对腹板屈曲的影响程度做出了比较,对船体结构中腹板开孔尺寸及位置提出了一些建议.     

基于空腹桁架理论的船体结构腹板开孔强度简化分析方法

大型船舶结构的设计和建造过程中考虑到电缆管路布置及结构轻量化需求,常在主要构件高腹板上开设许多开孔。为快速有效评估高腹板开孔结构的强度特性,本文利用费氏空腹桁架理论和有限元数值方法,分析腰圆形开孔的纵向位置、开孔宽度和长度对开孔周边强度的影响,并对费氏空腹桁架理论作适当修正。结果表明,本文提出的修正公式能够适用于不同尺寸结构,并有效提高理论计算精度。     

基于空腹桁架理论的船体结构腹板开孔强度简化分析方法

大型船舶结构的设计和建造过程中考虑到电缆管路布置及结构轻量化需求,常在主要构件高腹板上开设许多开孔。为快速有效评估高腹板开孔结构的强度特性,本文利用费氏空腹桁架理论和有限元数值方法,分析腰圆形开孔的纵向位置、开孔宽度和长度对开孔周边强度的影响,并对费氏空腹桁架理论作适当修正。结果表明,本文提出的修正公式能够适用于不同尺寸结构,并有效提高理论计算精度。     

舰船典型基座输入机械阻抗特性分析

为了提高水面舰船的声隐身性能,本文对典型的舰船基座结构开展研究。利用阻抗分析法研究了基座结构的输入机械阻抗对舰船声隐身性能的影响,基于有限元方法分析了典型舰船基座结构参数的变化对其输入机械阻抗的影响规律。研究表明:基座面板的厚度和隔振器的布置位置对机械阻抗的影响较大,腹板的厚度和高度、腹板开孔和开孔加强对机械阻抗的影响较小。研究所得的结果对舰船基座的设计有一定的指导意义。     

基于复变函数解法的桁材开孔腹板弹性屈曲分析

在船体梁总纵弯矩作用下,位于甲板和船底的纵桁承受着较大的轴向压力,而桁材腹板上的开孔将影响腹板结构的屈曲强度。腰圆形是桁材腹板开孔的常见形状,带这种开孔的板格屈曲计算是难以获得弹性屈曲解析解的,目前常用的算法是基于有限元的特征值屈曲分析。本文综合运用复变函数方法和Ritz法,形成了一种新的计算方法,它可以在较粗的背景网格下得到足够准确的弹性屈曲载荷。通过系统的敏感性计算对比,此方法的可用性得到了验证。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

舰艇反鱼雷技术

对目前舰艇反鱼雷技术中的非杀伤、软杀伤和硬杀伤等比较先进的手段进行了阐述,并在此基础上分析研究了舰艇反鱼雷技术的发展趋势。     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补强度和刚度数值分析

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对复合材料补片修复含边裂纹和中心裂纹钢板的强度和刚度进行了数值分析.引入相对刚度的概念,研究了钻有止裂孔裂纹的长度对损伤钢板相对刚度的影响,分析了损伤钢板刚度复合材料贴片修补效果;引入屈服载荷提高率的概念,分析了损伤钢板强度的修复效果.     

混凝土道路、堆场面层裂缝的产生与防治

从混凝土道路、堆场的各个结构层分析裂缝产生的原因,并针对性地说明预防措施,阐述裂缝维修方法。     

单相PWM整流器的建模与仿真分析

文章详细分析了单相VSR型PWM整流器的整流原理,建立了电流内环,电压外环的单相VSR型PWM整流控制器的数学模型和逻辑框图。在MATLAB／Simulink软件环境中进行了仿真,分析了模型的可行性。