两体点式波能装置参数分析（英文）

In this paper, we present a comprehensive numerical simulation of a point wave absorber in deep water. Analyses are performed in both the frequency and time domains. The converter is a two-body floating-point absorber(FPA) with one degree of freedom in the heave direction. Its two parts are connected by a linear mass-spring-damper system. The commercial ANSYS-AQWA software used in this study performs well in considering validations. The velocity potential is obtained by assuming incompressible and irrotational flow. As such, we investigated the effects of wave characteristics on energy conversion and device efficiency, including wave height and wave period, as well as the device diameter, draft, geometry, and damping coefficient. To validate the model, we compared our numerical results with those from similar experiments. Our study results can clearly help to maximize the converter's efficiency when considering specific conditions.     

基于Star-CCM+的摆式波浪能装置水动力性能研究（英文）

A two-dimensional numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) model is established on the basis of viscous CFD theory to investigate the motion response and power absorption performance of a bottom-hinged flap-type wave energy converter(WEC)under regular wave conditions. The convergence study of mesh size and time step is performed to ensure that wave height and motion response are sufficiently accurate. Wave height results reveal that the attenuation of wave height along the wave tank is less than 5% only if the suitable mesh size and time step are selected. The model proposed in this work is verified against published experimental and numerical models. The effects of mechanical damping, wave height, wave frequency, and water depth on the motion response, power generation, and energy conversion efficiency of the flap-type WEC are investigated. The selection of the appropriate mechanical damping of the WEC is crucial for the optimal extraction of wave power. The optimal mechanical damping can be readily predicted by using potential flow theory. It can then be verified by applying CFD numerical results. In addition, the motion response and the energy conversion efficiency of the WEC decrease as the incident wave height increases because the strengthened nonlinear effect of waves intensifies energy loss. Moreover, the energy conversion efficiency of the WEC decreases with increasing water depth and remains constant as the water depth reaches a critical value. Therefore, the selection of the optimal parameters during the design process is necessary to ensure that the WEC exhibits the maximum energy conversion efficiency.     

Sea trials of Sigma wave energy converter – slacking and snapping of TLP mooring lines

Sigma Energy has performed its foremost prototype tests of scaled wave energy converter in a real sea environment. The prototype was a point absorber with a cylindrical buoy, a mechanical power take-off system with a counterweight, moored to the seabed as a tension leg platform (TLP) with three equal tendons. In these extensive experiments, numerous device characteristics were measured and analysed. The present paper focuses on the dynamic forces in the mooring lines, and some unexpected and rare data obtained. It is well known that TLP tendons are prone to a brief loss of tension (the slacking) and that, after such events, high snapping forces of short duration can arise. Partly by intention, and partly due to underestimation of the dynamical forces, several such slacking-snapping incidents were recorded during the experiments. In some severe storms, the snapping forces were up to six times higher than the tendon pretension. The paper presents several recordings of dynamic forces and platform motion during these critical events. It analysis them, and gives a typical scenario under which they occur. It gives also some theoretical explanations, and numerical predictions of dynamical tendon forces, with their comparison to the experimental results.     

极浅水多体波浪能发电装置锚泊系统设计

采用三维势流理论对多体波浪能发电装置进行频域水动力计算,分析极浅水效应和多体间相互作用对单体发电装置的水动力性能的影响。利用Orcaflex软件建立多体波浪能发电装置数值模型,浮体间采用铰接进行连接,并利用弹簧单元模拟发电液压缸的弹性阻尼作用。为极浅水多体波浪能发电装置设计合理的锚泊方案,采用时域动态耦合方法进行分析,同时考虑极浅水效应、多体影响和二阶低频力,根据API规范对自存工况下的锚泊缆强度进行校核,并对确定选用的锚泊方案进行敏感性分析。通过对计算结果进行分析,发现在进行浅水多浮体锚泊设计时,低频波浪载荷、多体相互作用和海底摩擦不可忽视；对于极浅水的锚泊系统设计,Lazy wave 型锚泊形式优于传统悬链线式锚泊。上述研究工作为近海极浅水海域新型海洋能发电装置锚泊系统的设计提供了新的参考和思路。     

基于VOF方法的不规则波数值波浪水槽的阻尼消波研究

对基于VOF方法的不规则波数值波浪水槽进行了阻尼消波研究。在水槽右端的出流边界处,设置了一定长度的海绵层来吸收波浪,海绵层的衰减系数采用线性分布的形式。通过不同入射波参数的数值计算结果,比较了不同形式的衰减系数和参数的海绵层消波效果,给出了对应不同波要素范围的海绵层参数取值范围。对浪高仪位置处波面历时采用两点法进行了分离,波浪的反射率满足计算要求,给出了数值水槽中不同时刻波面高度空间分布情况,应用快速傅里叶变换得到计算波谱,计算波谱与靶谱吻合较好,计算结果表明所采用的海绵层阻尼消波是一种很好的边界处理方式。     

Optimization of bottom-hinged flap-type wave energy converter for a specific wave rose

In this paper, we conducted a numerical analysis on the bottom-hinged flap-type Wave Energy Convertor (WEC). The basic model, implemented through the study using ANSYS-AQWA, has been validated by a three-dimensional physical model of a pitching vertical cylinder. Then, a systematic parametric assessment has been performed on stiffness, damping, and WEC direction against an incoming wave rose, resulting in an optimized flap-type WEC for a specific spot in the Persian Gulf. Here, stiffness is tuned to have a near-resonance condition considering the wave rose, while damping is modified to capture the highest energy for each device direction. Moreover, such sets of specifications have been checked at different directions to present the best combination of stiffness, damping, and device heading. It has been shown that for a real condition, including different wave heights, periods, and directions, it is very important to implement the methodology introduced here to guarantee device performance.     

特定波形玫瑰图条件下底铰式襟翼波能转换装置的优化（英文）

In this paper, we conducted a numerical analysis on the bottom-hinged flap-type Wave Energy Convertor(WEC). The basic model, implemented through the study using ANSYS-AQWA, has been validated by a three-dimensional physical model of a pitching vertical cylinder. Then, a systematic parametric assessment has been performed on stiffness, damping, and WEC direction against an incoming wave rose, resulting in an optimized flap-type WEC for a specific spot in the Persian Gulf. Here, stiffness is tuned to have a near-resonance condition considering the wave rose, while damping is modified to capture the highest energy for each device direction. Moreover, such sets of specifications have been checked at different directions to present the best combination of stiffness, damping, and device heading. It has been shown that for a real condition, including different wave heights, periods, and directions, it is very important to implement the methodology introduced here to guarantee device performance.     

双重卡口机构对波浪能转换器性能的影响评估（英文）

Lower efficiencies induce higher energy costs and pose a barrier to wave energy devices' commercial applications.Therefore,the efficiency enhancement of wave energy converters has received much attention in recent decades.The reported research presents the double snap-through mechanism applied to a hemispheric point absorber type wave energy converter(WEC) to improve the energy absorption perfomance.The double snap-through mechanism comprises four oblique springs mounted in an X-configuration.This provides the WEC with different dynamic stability behaviors depending on the particular geometric and physical parameters employed.The efficiency of these different WEC behaviors(linear,bistable,and tristable) was initially evaluated under the action of regular waves.The results for bistable or tristable responses indicated significant improvements in the WEC' s energy capture efficiency.Furthermore,the WEC frequency bandwidth was shown to be significantly enlarged when the tristable mode was in operation.However,the corresponding tristable trajectory showed intra-well behavior in the middle potential well,which induced a more severe low-energy absorption when a small wave amplitude acted on the WEC compared to when the bistable WEC was employed.Nevertheless,positive effects were observed when appropriate initial conditions were imposed.The results also showed that for bistable or tristable responses,a suitable spring stiffness may cause the buoy to oscillate in high energy modes.     

基于碳化硅器件的高频化高效率船用变频器

碳化硅器件的应用能够显著减小电力电子变换器的重量、体积、成本,大幅提升电力电子系统的性能。本文基于碳化硅器件的高频化高效率船用变频器设计,采用电压源型双PWM交-直-交变频器系统拓扑结构,前级整流部分和后级逆变均使用最新一代碳化硅器件,提出有源前端(AFE)变频器系统拓扑结构、整流与逆变系统控制策略,以及主电路参数计算方法。系统仿真和试验结果表明,该设计方式是实现船用变频器高性能、小型化的有效技术途径。     

组合波阻技术的波动力响应矩阵分析法及其特性研究

基于有限元思想,综合运用波分析法和阻抗法,提出了波阻元件阻抑结构声传递的波动力响应矩阵分析法。将结构离散为多个波导单元和波阻单元,根据连接节点的位移连续,力与力矩平衡,建立附加波阻元件的结构连接广义波动力响应平衡方程,推导出波单元波动力响应特征矩阵及波阻元件附加波动响应特征矩阵,并代入波动力响应平衡方程求解得到波单元的振动幅值,从而求得传递效率与损失。运用该方法对阻振质量,粘弹性夹层以及动力吸振器的波阻特性进行了数值分析。最后,重点分析了组合波阻技术的波阻特性。研究表明,根据不同类型波阻元件的波阻特性,进行科学的组合与优化布置,并选择合理的设计参数,能显著提高组合波阻元件的阻抑效果。以上研究为组合波阻元件的声学设计提供了分析方法及新的控制策略,在舰船等结构减振降噪中具有重要的理论意义与工程应用价值。     

基于BEM与VOF耦合模型的潜堤附近波浪变形研究*

BEM和VOF方法是目前模拟近岸波浪变形的2种有效方法。以这2种模型为基础构建了一个前域应用BEM、后域应用VOF方法的波浪数值计算耦合模型（BEM+VOF模型）,并应用该模型对波浪越过水下潜堤的波面变形过程进行研究。结果表明,计算值与实验值吻合良好,说明本文建立的波浪耦合模型可以很好地模拟波浪和结构物的相互作用。     

波能转换型浮式防波堤的水动力性能研究（英文）

The integration of wave energy converters(WECs) with floating breakwaters has become common recently due to the benefits of both cost-sharing and providing offshore power supply. In this study, based on viscous computational fluid dynamics(CFD) theory, we investigated the hydrodynamic performances of the floating box and Berkeley Wedge breakwaters, both of which can also serve as WECs. A numerical wave flume model is constructed using Star-CCM+software and applied to investigate the interaction between waves and wave energy converters while completing the verification of the convergence study of time and space steps. The effects of wave length on motion response and transmission coefficient of the floating box breakwater model are studied. Comparisons of our numerical results and published experimental data indicate that Star-CCM+ is very capable of accurately modeling the nonlinear wave interaction of floating structures, while the analytical potential theory overrates the results especially around the resonant frequency. Optimal damping can be readily predicted using potential flow theory and can then be verified by CFD numerical results. Next, we investigated the relationship between wave frequencies and various coefficients using the CFD model under optimal damping, including the motion response, transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient,dissipation coefficient, and wave energy conversion efficiency. We then compared the power generation efficiencies and wave dissipation performances of the floating box and Berkeley Wedge breakwaters. The results show that the power generation efficiency of the Berkeley Wedge breakwater is always much higher than that of the floating box breakwater. Besides, the wave dissipation performance of the Berkeley Wedge breakwater is much better than that of the floating box breakwater at lower frequency.     

球体波能转换装置捕获能量的理论研究

球体波能转换装置在波浪的激励下可以同时在水平和竖直两个模式振荡。基于线性微幅波浪和势流理论,将波浪与球体相互作用简化为球体固定不动,波浪绕过球体和球体在静止流体中运动。线性叠加以后得到总的速度势,计算出球体波能转换装置的平均功率和能量俘获宽度因子的解析表达式。理论研究表明:装置与波浪运动的相位差是影响波能的最重要的参数,最优相位差为-π/2,并且给出了最优相位差调节的理论表达式。另外,对波长、波幅、球体半径、水深和球心距静水面的距离等因素也进行了分析。     

波浪对潮流影响的数值模拟及其应用

文章将水动力因素分为潮流特征周期与波浪特征周期两部分,建立了考虑波浪影响的潮流方程。通过考虑波浪引起的辐射应力、表面和底部边界层、Stokes漂流以及Coriolis波浪应力等因素,利用数值方法分析了波浪对潮流场的影响,并将其应用到渤海区域中,分析渤海内波浪对于潮流的影响。     

水下爆炸空化效应作用下全船响应的并行计算(英文)

As well as shock wave and bubble pulse loading, cavitation also has very significant influences on the dynamic response of surface ships and other near-surface marine structures to underwater explosive loadings. In this paper, the acoustic-structure coupling method embedded in ABAQUS is adopted to do numerical analysis of underwater explosion considering cavitation. Both the shape of bulk cavitation region and local cavitation region are obtained, and they are in good agreement with analytical results. The duration of reloading is several times longer than that of a shock wave. In the end, both the single computation and parallel computation of the cavitation effect on the dynamic responses of a full-scale ship are presented, which proved that reloading caused by cavitation is non-ignorable. All these results are helpful in understanding underwater explosion cavitation effects.     

新型波能发电装置的模型设计及试验研究

为了开发和利用海洋中蕴含的波浪能,设计了一种以漂浮浮体作为波能采集装置的新型波能发电系统。此新型漂浮式波能发电装置与其他波能发电装置相比,具有结构简单、适用性强、维护方便、不受水深限制等优点。采用理论分析与模型试验相结合的方法,研究浮体初始吃水深度和入射波波高变化对波能采集浮筒运动的影响。实验结果表明：波能装换效率达到12.17%,验证了模型试验设计的可行性,并对漂浮式波能发电装置的实物设计具有指导意义。     

刚性阻振质量在舰船基座设计中的应用研究

基于阻抗失配原理，分析刚性阻振质量阻隔振动波传递的特性，提出在舰船弹性基座中引入刚性减振器．即在舰船基座与船体结构连接部位布设刚性阻振质量．并利用有限元法对基座舱段耐压壳体及基座板结构的振动传递特性进行数值仿真研究。研究结果表明：对于中高频结构噪声，刚性阻振质量能有效降低基座舱段耐压壳体的振动及声辐射，而对于低频结构噪声，阻振质量的减振效果不明显，甚至没有减振效果。这对刚性阻振技术在实艇减振降噪中的应用具有重要的参考意义。     

规则波作用下斜坡堤越浪量的数值模拟

台风过境产生极端波浪造成斜坡式海堤越浪,现有计算越浪量的经验公式都存在适用性的问题.为探求台风天气下舟山区域斜坡堤越浪量计算公式,基于VOF方法,对Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε方程进行求解,建立速度边界造波和阻尼消波的数值波浪水槽.在水槽中建立斜坡堤模型,通过改变影响越浪量的相关因素,模拟台风浪条件下规则波作...     

双浮体波浪能装置的振荡和能量转换特性研究（英文）

In this study, we investigated the hydrodynamic and energy conversion performance of a double-float wave energy converter(WEC) based on the linear theory of water waves. The generator power take-off(PTO) system is modeled as a combination of a linear viscous damping and a linear spring. Using the frequency domain method, the optimal damping coefficient of the generator PTO system is derived to achieve the optimal conversion efficiency(capture width ratio).Based on the potential flow theory and the higher-order boundary element method(HOBEM), we constructed a threedimensional model of double-float WEC to study its hydrodynamic performance and response in the time domain. Only the heave motion of the two-body system is considered and a virtual function is introduced to decouple the motions of the floats. The energy conversion character of the double-float WEC is also evaluated. The investigation is carried out over a wide range of incident wave frequency. By analyzing the effects of the incident wave frequency, we derive the PTO's damping coefficient for the double-float WEC's capture width ratio and the relationships between the capture width ratio and the natural frequencies of the lower and upper floats. In addition, it is capable to modify the natural frequencies of the two floats by changing the stiffness coefficients of the PTO and mooring systems. We found that the natural frequencies of the device can directly influence the peak frequency of the capture width, which may provide an important reference for the design of WECs.     

威海船厂港域波高数值计算*

应用能量平衡方程研究近岸随机波的传播变形是一种简单而实用的方法,其在海洋学以及海岸动力学中得到了广泛的应用。采用考虑绕射作用的能量平衡方程作为计算随机波浪传播变形的控制方程,以此建立的数学模型考虑了波浪的浅化、折射、绕射、反射和破碎。利用该模型对威海船厂港内随机波传播变形进行数值模拟,通过数值计算值与试验值的比较,发现在相同的考虑因素下两者是相当吻合的,说明模型在计算近岸随机波的传播变形时是实用而可靠的。