供油船燃油加注系统驳油管路水锤特性及防护

供油船燃油加注系统在进行燃油调驳的过程中,由于管道阀门的快速闭合、突然停泵,会导致驳油管道内产生正、负压交替的压力波动,对管路和阀件造成较大的水锤冲击。文章基于Flowmaster仿真软件对管路中的关阀水锤现象进行瞬态分析,研究了关阀水锤的影响因素,并提出了加入空气阀的水锤防护措施。     

船舶阀门遥控系统的选择

简单介绍了液压驱动阀门遥控系统的组成，并比较了电液驱动与液压驱动阀门遥控系统之间的优缺点，指出用户在选择系统时应注意的有关要素，以便用户根据实际需要选择合适的阀控系统。     

一起停航停租事故后的思考

此文就一起严重的停航停租事故，详细地总结了事故的发生原因及经验教训，并阐述了通海阀在坞修中的重要性，结合多次坞修的实际经验，针对不同的通海阀，提出了相应的修理方案。     

间接式阀位测量技术研究

结合船用阀门遥控系统中蝶阀的操控方式,详细介绍并对比了几种用于液压式阀门遥控系统的间接式阀位测量技术,并根据其特性进行优劣对比,得出每种操控方式最适合的间接式阀位测量技术.     

船载危险品集装箱事故的原因和防范

通过对多起危险品集装箱事故的原因分析,结合工作实际,对危险品集装箱事故的防范措施进行了探讨,以从源头把住危险品集装箱的事故关。     

水力式升船机组合阀运行方式优化

基于运行特性要求,水力式升船机将控制阀门设计为"一主两辅"的组合形式,多阀门同时向同一有限腔体内排放水体。为尽量降低多股紊动射流对阀门段的冲击影响,亟待解决分配三阀流量问题。以景洪水力式升船机为依托,基于充水系统阀门段建立三维数值模型,研究组合阀不同运行方式下的阀门段流场特性,讨论组合阀运行方式与流场均匀度的关系。研究成果表明:1)在主阀、辅阀单独运行或主阀与一台辅阀联合运行时,阀门段存在明显的偏流和涡旋低压区。2)在突扩体的整流稳压作用下,这些不利水力现象虽然不会危及升船机的运行安全,但考虑到运行的合理性和高效性,这些极端工况也应尽量避免。3)基于流场均匀度分析可知,三阀联合运行是最佳的组合阀运行方式。     

气动移水水力过渡过程仿真研究

气动移水方式因其系统管路简单方便操作,在航空、船舶、化工等领域都有广泛应用。然而在完成移水阀门关闭过程中存在剧烈水锤冲击,对系统存在较大的危害。本文通过对典型的2个水箱间气动移水的瞬态阀门启闭过程进行仿真,详细分析了阀门操作时间、供气压力以及操作阀门位置对系统水锤的影响。根据仿真结果可知,在适当控制关阀时间和供气压力的基础上,操作远离供水水箱的阀门可有效降低系统水锤冲击压力,抑制水锤对系统的破坏。     

气动移水水力过渡过程仿真研究

气动移水方式因其系统管路简单方便操作,在航空、船舶、化工等领域都有广泛应用.然而在完成移水阀门关闭过程中存在剧烈水锤冲击,对系统存在较大的危害.本文通过对典型的2个水箱间气动移水的瞬态阀门启闭过程进行仿真,详细分析了阀门操作时间、供气压力以及操作阀门位置对系统水锤的影响.根据仿真结果可知,在适当控制关阀时间和供气压力的基础上,操作远离供水水箱的阀门可有效降低系统水锤冲击压力,抑制水锤对系统的破坏.     

新型泄放水调节阀工作特性试验研究

论文研究的泄放水调节阀其原理是通过控制伺服活塞所受的压差来实现阀门各个工作状态之间的转换。为了获得该调节阀的动态响应特性并验证其动作可靠性,在模拟的试验回路上,对阀门的压力特性、密封特性和动作寿命等进行了研究。试验结果表明:阀门动作响应快,工作状态转换平稳;阀头行程最大偏差为0.53%,调节阀磨损小,工作寿命长;旁通阀与调节阀可共同调节流量;增加阀杆直径可提高阀门流量;且该调节阀可在高压差工况下在小范围内调节流量,且降压效果良好。     

基于船舶碰撞事故调查报告的人的因素数据挖掘

船舶碰撞事故发生率居高不下与人为失误有关，而人为失误的发生又受到包括个人因素、环境因素、船舶因素以及组织因素的影响。根据一般的事故统计数据能够初步识别出引发碰撞的人为失误行为，但要进一步建立影响因素与人为失误之间的对应关系却一直是令研究人员困惑的事情。一方面是因为缺少数据，另一方面是缺少方法。我们在收集100个碰撞事故调查报告的基础上，利用数据挖掘技术中的关联规则对人为失误与其影响因素之间的关系进行了挖掘，初步确定了船舶避碰过程中人为失误与引发因素之间的对应关系。     

蒸汽减温管路改进

分析蒸汽减温管路的工作流程,构建蒸汽减温管路的模型.针对蒸汽减温管路存在的管路及阀门穿孔外漏问题,提出降低介质流速与控制饱和蒸汽湿度相结合的方案.仿真结果表明,改进后的蒸汽减温管路蒸汽品质得到改善,可为系统的设置提供依据和参考.     

船用管道及阀门状态的声发射监测

基于舰船内部管道、阀门由于泄漏或者打开关闭时由各种原因所产生的声发射(AE)信号的特征分析,论述了针对管道、阀门状态声发射监测方法及试验研究。介绍了一种安装在船用管道或阀门上的声发射监测技术和设备,它可以实现对关键管道、阀门工作和运行状态,特别是针对一些高温、辐射、偏远部位的管道、阀门的远程、实时、无损监测。     

大型龙门起重机主梁起升动态特性研究

通过理论推导得出了龙门吊主梁在货物离地过程激励下的位移响应表达式，深入探讨了主梁的振动状态和激励持续时间的关系，揭示了主梁的起升动态特性，为振动控制和动载系数的选取提供了理论依据。     

“雪龙”号真空坐便器的安装及工艺探讨

文章主要针对真空坐便器特殊的工作原理，阐述了“雪龙”号上层建筑区域各房间内真空坐便器的管路联通；探讨了如何排布管路满足真空度要求及在管路排布中需要注意的阀件的安装、管子穿舱和夹具定位等的要求，并给出了常见故障的解决措施。     

LNG燃料动力船机舱设计研究

以本质安全型机舱、紧急防护型机舱为基础,提出了增强安全型机舱的设计思路,通过增强通风、加强探测与报警、采用全熔透对焊接头等措施降低机舱风险.以某内河LNG燃料动力船为目标,进行了增强安全型机舱的设计,给出了气体燃料管路上安装相应阀件、机舱和阀箱内设置气体探测和机械通风、供气管路的连接采用全熔透对焊接头、发动机进排气总管和曲轴箱上安装防爆安全阀、驱动风机的电动机安装在通风管道外、管道及电器设备接地等设计要求,达到了本质安全型机舱的风险水平.     

钢带软管内压和弯曲研究

复合材料管已成为管道发展的热点和趋势。文中对钢带软管在同时受到内压和弯曲组合载荷作用下的力学性能进行了研究。基于建立的钢带软管的环向和径向力学平衡方程,提出了不同弯曲半径下该种类型管道的爆破压力理论计算方法。文中还进行了有限元数值模拟,并与理论计算结果对比分析,分析结果表明文中提出的爆破压力计算方法可作为此类管在同时受到内压及弯曲组合载荷作用下的通用算法,为解决此类工程问题提供重要参考。     

Mechanical behavior of metallic strip flexible pipes during reeling operation

Metallic strip flexible pipes (MSFP), a relatively new style of unbonded flexible pipes, are considered as an attractive alternative to traditional submarine pipes. During its reeling operation, it will inevitably confront various complicated loads, which may affect the integrity and safety of MSFP's utilization. In this paper, the tension-extension and moment-curvature relation of MSFP were obtained by laboratorial tests. The mechanical properties were then imported into the global model established in ABAQUS. The finite element model was adopted to predict the deformation and mechanical responses of MSFP during the operation process. Besides, the effects of reeling length, the diameter of the coiling drum, and the pulling force were discussed. The obtained conclusions will provide some references for optimizing MSFP design and preventing possible damage in the reeling operation.     

On the effect of the ply stacking sequence on the failure of composite pipes under external pressure

The use of high performance structural composites has become very important over the last decades, especially where weight is an essential factor. Particularly in the oil and gas industry, several designs of composite pipes for deep water applications have been recently proposed as competitive solutions against traditional steel pipes. Thus, it is important to assess the performance of composite pipes under high external pressure in order to avoid pipe failure or overconservative designs. In this paper, experimental tests of different composite pipe configurations are performed and then compared to analytical and numerical predictions. Unlike the case of internal pressure loads, the collapse pressure of composite pipes depends on the initial ovality and on the ply stacking sequence. The collapse resistance of different composite pipes is firstly studied through simplified analytical equations combined with different failure criteria. Then, a finite element model is developed using a progressive failure criterion [1]. Both analytical and numerical failure predictions were compared to experimental tests carried out on four composite pipes produced with different ply stacking sequence by the filament winding method [2]. An experimental-numerical-analytical comparison shows that numerical and analytical models provide results in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. Finally, a parametric analysis is carried out to show the effect of ovality and ply stacking sequence on the failure pressure of composite pipes.     

船舶舵机液压系统气蚀机理分析及改进设计的研究

采用阀控缸型电液伺服系统的船舶舵机液压系统实际使用中发生系统气蚀，影响舵机正常工作。本文采用键合图法建立舵机液压系统的模型，并据此进行了仿真分析和研究，确定了舵机液压系统发生气蚀的条件，提出了系统改进措施。     

On the collapse of thick-walled pipes with corrosion defects under external pressure

Corrosion defect is considered to be one of the major critical damages of subsea pipelines, which can result in a considerable loss in the collapse capacity of thick-walled pipes in deep waters. In this paper, collapse experiments on 13 small-scale seamless steel tubes with varying sizes of elliptical and rectangular corrosion defects were carried out in a sealed hyperbaric chamber. The collapse pressure and deformed configurations were obtained, with four types of collapse trajectories identified. A numerical framework was established to simulate the collapse event using ABAQUS, and decent consistency of the collapse pressure and collapsed configurations was observed between numerical and experimental results. Then, the collapse pressure of thick-walled pipes with a single elliptical corrosion defect was studied parametrically, covering different defect sizes, geometric characteristics, and material properties. Based on the extensive numerical analysis, a reasonable empirical formula was developed to estimate the collapse pressure of thick-walled steel pipes with various elliptical corrosion defects and material properties.