FPSO内孤立波载荷实验观测及理论预报模型研究

利用大型密度分层水槽开展了下凹型内孤立波作用在FPSO上的载荷特性系列实验;并依据实验工况,考虑KdV、eKdV和MCC内孤立波理论的适用性条件,数值研究了FPSO内孤立波载荷成分构成;基于实验结果和载荷成分构成,建立了FPSO内孤立波载荷的理论预报模型.研究表明:FPSO内孤立波水平载荷由粘性力和Froude-Krylov力组成,而垂向载荷主要为垂向Froude-Krylov力;Froude-Krylov力可通过动压力沿FPSO浮体湿表面积分得到,粘性力则通过经实验回归的摩擦系数Cf、形状修正因数K乘以内孤立波诱导水质点切向速度沿FPSO浮体湿表面积分得到.系列实验结果得出:摩擦系数Cf和形状修正因数K与雷诺数Re、KC数和流体层深度比h1/h有关;摩擦系数与Re呈自然对数关系;而形状修正因数K与KC数呈幂函数关系.理论预报模型预报的水平载荷、垂向载荷结果均与系列实验和数值结果吻合较好,并且发现随着内孤立波振幅的增加,载荷幅值近乎线性增加,而且上层流体深度对水平力幅值有明显的影响.     

基于PIV的客滚船风阻流场研究

为准确分析客滚船在不同风向角下的流场分布,基于PIV技术研究了某型客滚船在25m/s风速下,5个不同风向角的风阻变化和流场分布;利用PIV技术得出某型客滚船纵向、横向以及水平方向的空气流场特性。结果表明:随着风向角的增加,纵向风轴阻力和横向侧向力呈"抛物线"规律变化,偏航力矩呈"正弦曲线"分布,并存在两个方向相反的阻力峰。利用PIV流场分布图与常规测力试验的风阻曲线对客滚船风阻流场进行分析研究,所得结果可为以后的CFD计算验证以及后期风阻优化提供参考依据。     

Lengthscales of motions that control air–water gas transfer in grid-stirred turbulence

The relationship between the gas transfer velocity and turbulent lengthscales is investigated experimentally in a grid-stirred turbulent flow. The horizontal velocity field at the water surface is measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The gas transfer velocity for oxygen is obtained through reaeration experiments. In addition, the gas transfer process by surface-renewal eddies is visualized using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique, in which carbon dioxide is used as the tracer gas. The definition of the Taylor microscale holds that the root-mean-square (RMS) of the surface divergence is expressed by the square root of the turbulent kinetic energy divided by the Taylor microscale. Experimentally obtained data support this scaling. They show the gas transfer velocity to be proportional to the square root of the RMS of the surface divergence. These experimental results imply that the Taylor microscale is an important parameter for gas transfer velocity at the air–water interface. These relations indicate that a nondimensional gas transfer velocity is proportional to the − 1/4 power of a turbulent-macroscale Reynolds number, which is similar to a small-eddy model, assuming that turbulent eddies with the Kolmogorov scale control the gas transfer process. However, this Reynolds number dependence does not necessarily mean the superiority of turbulent eddies with the Kolmogorov scale in the gas transfer. The LIF visualizations in horizontal and vertical planes close to the air–water interface indicate that the horizontal CO₂-concentration field has a fine spatial pattern, which resembles that of the surface divergence field, and that surface-renewal motions observed in the vertical plane have a larger lengthscale than the Kolmogorov scale. We infer from both PIV and LIF results that the Taylor microscale is an important lengthscale for air–water gas transfer.     

深基坑开挖的理论计算与工程监测结果分析

大量的基坑工程实践表明,深基坑工程仅仅依靠理论分析和经验估计难以完成经济可靠的基坑支护设计和施工。文中以天津港南疆港区神华煤炭码头建设工程两座廊道的地下连续墙工程为案例,对地下连续墙的墙体位移、支撑轴力等方面进行工程监测,并利用二维有限元程序对其进行了理论计算分析,藉以探讨有限元计算结果与工程监测之间的差距。通过有限元计算值与实测数据对比发现,墙体最大水平位移的计算值较实测数据稍偏大,墙体最大竖向位移和支撑轴力的计算值与实测数据有一定差距。结果表明,有限元方法可以分析墙体最大水平位移,而最大竖向位移和支撑轴力的分析方法值得进一步探讨。     

中外斜坡堤胸墙波浪力计算对比

斜坡堤胸墙对于减轻越浪危害至关重要,国内外各胸墙波浪力计算方法的结果差异较大。基于国内外几种斜坡堤胸墙波浪力计算方法,结合工程案例和试验数据进行对比研究。结果表明:1)特定条件下,我国规范计算的水平波浪力压强分布高度远小于Jensen法和Pedersen法结果,后两法计算结果与实测高度一致。2)Jensen法和Pedersen法计算的水平波浪力及浮托力均比国内港工方法大,也大于实测值。3)港工规范计算的总水平波浪力比实测值小,其计算出的浮托力与实测值较为接近。4)Jensen法考虑了掩护棱体肩台高度的作用,Pedersen法考虑了掩护棱体肩台高度与宽度的影响。此二法考虑得相对全面,但其按深水波长计算0.1%超越概率的波浪力,计算结果偏于保守。5)建议重要工程以模型试验结果为准。     

水下上弧形板结构的水动力特性研究

文章应用边界单元法,依据波浪绕射和辐射理论研究了一种新型的板式防波堤结构—上弧形板结构。研究中通过与另外三种板式防波堤结构(下弧形板结构,单板结构,双层板结构)的对比,验证了这一新型结构具有更好的消波效果。文中重点分析了这种新型结构的散射波浪力、透射系数和反射系数,并且为了进一步揭示这种结构的消波原理,对该结构周围的流场进了分析。研究发现：（1）上弧形板结构在横荡方向上所受波浪力最小。（2）当潜深波高比为0.05时,该结构的消波效果比其他三种结构增强约50%。（3）通过对上弧形板结构的速度流场分析,发现上弧形板结构上部有明显回流。     

PIV的原理与应用

PIV是一种无扰动的二维流场测试技术。随着计算机技术、图像处理技术的快速发展 ,该技术近10年来有了长足的发展。详细阐述了PIV系统的结构与互相关分析原理 ,不但提供了在单向流实验中ADV与PIV的对比结果 ,而且提供了桩基码头模型时的涡流场分布 ,充分体现了PIV的实用价值。     

应用RANS(雷诺平均的纳维尔一斯托克斯方程)和动量理论进行螺旋桨诱导速度的计算研究(英文)

In order to provide instructions for the calculation of the propeller induced velocity in the study of the hull-propeller interaction using the body force approach,three methods were used to calculate the propeller induced velocity:1) Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) simulation of the self-propulsion test,2) RANS simulation of the propeller open water test,and 3) momentum theory of the propeller.The results from the first two methods were validated against experimental data to assess the accuracy of the computed flow field.The thrust identity method was adopted to obtain the advance velocity,which was then used to derive the propeller induced velocity from the total velocity field.The results computed by the first two approaches were close,while those from the momentum theory were significantly overestimated.The presented results could prove to be useful for further calculations of self-propulsion using the body force approach.     

PIV velocity field measurements of flow around a KRISO 3600TEU container ship model

The main purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate a useful application of the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method to analyze the complex flow characteristics around a ship. For a sample illustration, the KRISO 3600TEU container ship model was chosen. The flow structure in the stern and near-wake region of the model has been investigated experimentally in a circulating water channel. Instantaneous velocity fields measured by the PIV velocity field measurement technique have been ensemble-averaged to give details of flow structures such as the spatial distributions of the local mean velocity, vorticity, and turbulent kinetic energy. The free-stream velocity was fixed at U _o = 0.6m/s, and the corresponding Reynolds number based on the length between perpendiculars was about 9.0 × 10⁵. The container ship model shows a complicated three-dimensional flow structure in the stern and near-wake regions. The PIV results clearly revealed the formation of large-scale bilge vortices in the stern region and their effect on the flow in the near-wake. The results shown here provide valuable information for hull form design and the validation of viscous ship flow codes and of turbulence models.     

高桩码头桩基沉降研究

高桩码头桩基沉降会对上部结构内力产生一定的影响,但是通常情况下并不进行计算。为了确定码头桩基沉降量,本文结合工程实例,用了理论计算和数值模拟两种方法对桩基沉降进行了计算。结果表明,高桩码头整体沉降大概为几十毫米,不均匀沉降为几毫米。通过对两种计算方法进行对比得出,理论计算更加贴近实际情况,可以作为一种桩基沉降计算的有效方法。     

高桩码头上部结构波浪力物理模型试验研究

在不同水位、相同波浪要素组合条件下进行波浪对码头上部结构作用力的模型试验研究,得到上部结构所受最大波浪水平力、最大波浪上托力、最大波浪水平力对应的波浪上托力以及最大波浪上托力对应的波浪水平力,分析最大波浪水平力和最大波浪上托力之间的相位差;并对最大波浪上托力和理论值进行分析比较。试验结果表明:随着水位的增高,作用在码头上部结构的波浪力先增大后减小,在设计高水位时,码头上部结构受到的波浪力最大;最大波浪上托力和最大波浪水平力并不同时出现,存在相位差。     

水平集中力在高桩框架码头排架中的分配系数研究

本文运用Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional软件对水平集中力在四跨高桩框架码头的分配系数进行研究.着重分析了不同作用排架、不同作用高程和不同排架间距对水平集中力分配系数影响的变化规律.结果表明:由于高桩框架码头结构整体受力性能更好以及水平集中力作用点高程变化大等...     

考虑相邻结构段作用的高桩码头设计方法

高桩码头有限元计算通常选取一个结构段进行分析计算,忽略结构段之间凹凸缝的传力作用,从而导致计算结果较保守,不利于当前环境下与国际咨询设计公司的竞争。基于SAP2000有限元计算软件,在计算模型中引入水平线性弹簧单元,模拟相邻结构端的凹凸缝的水平约束作用,并建立整体模型分析验证该弹簧单元的有效性。最后给出水平线性弹簧刚度随结构段数量增加而改变的曲线,为高桩码头计算提供参考。计算结果表明水平线性弹簧单元和实际整体模型的桩内力计算误差都在合理范围以内,验证了该方法有效性。引入等效侧向弹性用于高桩码头结构设计计算,给出一种优化的高桩结构设计方法。     

PIV与BEM相结合的流场研究法

本文介绍一种PIV与BEM相结合的流场研究方法，PIV（Particle Image Velocimetry)是一种现代流场测试技术，BEM（Boundary Element Method)是一种流行的CFD方法，所谓PIV和BEM相结合的方法，是利用流域内PIV测量的结果和BEM法的反过程估计出边界上洲际流场相关量的值，进而估计出流域内其它点的速度值，这种方法可以很好地修正PIV的测量结果，减小它们的误差，同时还可以对测量失效区域的流场进行估计，增加流场信息，在文中它被应用到楔形体入水的PIV测量后处理中，取得了很好的效果。     

带1/4圆弧面胸墙的沉箱防波堤的波浪力研究

基于带1/4圆弧面胸墙的沉箱防波堤的波浪水槽物理模型试验,通过对试验中获取的堤身及上部结构波浪压力数据的分析,得出波浪作用下防波堤水平力、胸墙竖向力和防波堤基底浮托力的分布特性,并通过对试验结果的计算分析,提出对合田公式的修正方法,该修正公式适用于带1/4圆弧面胸墙的沉箱防波堤的波浪力计算。     

高桩梁板码头起重机械水平力作用效应计算方法

随着码头规模及装卸机械大型化的趋势,起重机械水平力对码头横向排架的影响愈发明显。介绍高桩梁板式码头基于平面计算前提下横向排架及轨道梁在起重机械水平力作用下效应计算方法,并对作用在横向排架上的装卸机械水平力简化取值提出建议。     

全直桩码头转动刚度对水平力分配的影响

针对全直桩码头在水平力作用下相对于叉桩码头易产生转动的特点,分析全直桩码头在水平方向转动刚度的计算方法,推导得出考虑转动刚度影响的全直桩码头水平力分配的计算公式。结合工程算例,分别计算了在横向水平力作用下3种宽长比的全直桩码头的转动刚度及各横向排架的水平力分配系数,并与有限元法、规范法的计算结果进行比较。结果表明,全直桩码头宽长比越大,码头转动刚度越大,各排架的水平力分配系数越均匀;本文公式的计算结果和有限元结果吻合较好,随着码头转动刚度增大,本文公式计算值与规范值相差增大,最大水平力分配系数最多相差22%。     

装配式高桩码头全简支梁水平力传递性能

全简支梁结构具有快速装配的优点,但由于对其水平力传递性能研究不足,在装配式高桩码头中应用较少。通过有限元模型计算对比,分析了全简支梁结构受水平集中力情况下码头结构的位移分布规律。结果表明：全简支梁体系对码头结构水平力传递性能削弱的影响较小,在面层连续的情况下能有效传递水平力,是可行的装配式技术方案。采用全简支梁体系的高桩码头结构宜在《码头结构设计规范》规定的基础上,将水平力分配系数及计算位移值适当提高。     

近海风机叶片动力特性分析

The topic of offshore wind energy is attracting more and more attention as the energy crisis heightens.The blades are the key components of offshore wind turbines,and their dynamic characteristics directly determine the effectiveness of offshore wind turbines.With different rotating speeds and blade length,the rotating blades generate various centrifugal stiffening effects.To directly analyze the centrifugal stiffening effect of blades,the Rayleigh energy method (REM) was used to derive the natural frequency equation of the blade,including the centrifugal stiffening effect and the axial force calculation formula.The axial force planes and the first to third order natural frequency planes which vary with the rotating speed and length were calculated in three-dimensional coordinates.The centrifugal stiffening coefficient was introduced to quantitatively study the relationship between the centrifugal stiffening degree and the rotating speed,and then the fundamental frequency correction formula was built based on the rotating speed and the blade length.The analysis results show that the calculation results of the fundamental frequency correction formula agree with the theoretical calculation results.The error of calculation results between them is less than 0.5%.     

超长PHC管桩嵌固深度研究

高桩码头结构计算时可以先把基桩在某深度处固定进行上部结构计算,再把计算的桩顶内力作为荷载施加到桩上进行桩-土相互作用分析。理论上讲,以简化前后的桩顶水平位移相等为条件确定嵌固点位置最为合理,但实际中难以实现。结合现场试桩资料,深入分析了超长桩在水平荷载作用下的嵌固特性,提出了嵌固深度随荷载变化的经验计算公式,实例计算结果表明效果良好。