有、无柱地铁地下车站地震响应对比分析

为了解有柱与无柱地铁地下车站结构地震响应特性的异同,采用ABAQUS软件对2种地铁车站结构进行了水平向的非线性地震响应数值模拟,对比分析了在3种地震波不同峰值加速度作用下2种结构的响应特性。结果表明:1)2种车站结构的地震响应规律基本相似,在强震作用下均会受到严重的损伤,除侧墙与顶底板的连接处外,有柱车站的中柱与无柱车站的底板均为抗震的薄弱点,应注重加强其抗震性能;2)顶底板间最大的相对水平位移与输入波峰值加速度近似呈线性增大关系,且与波的频谱特性密切相关;3)在地震作用过程中产生的单向累积残余变形沿侧墙高度的变化曲线呈波浪状,最终摆向与最大摆幅的摆向一致;4)2种车站结构的加速度时程曲线形状相似,且相对基岩输入波有明显的放大。     

深埋隧洞TBM超前地质预报及预处理关键技术研究

为有效解决复杂不良地质条件造成的施工风险，系统开展TBM施工超前地质预报工作，综合采用TRT7000、TSP203、超前地质钻孔、微震监测等技术手段，结合地勘、地面物探及已揭露围岩特征，实现对不良地质的准确有效判识；针对隧洞沿线实际地质条件，对TBM设备进行优化设计，提高TBM设备应对断层破碎带、突涌水、挤压大变形及岩爆等灾害的能力；在此基础上，提出TBM施工灾害超前预处理技术方案，以减少卡机现象，避免埋机等事故风险。     

既有运营地铁车站结构下换乘节点施工方案比选研究

为保证换乘节点施工安全，结合深圳地铁石厦站换乘节点实际情况，对可能出现的施工风险进行分析，提出应对风险的施工方案，并采用数值方法对不同施工方案进行分析比选。数值结果显示： 换乘节点开挖前注浆封闭止水，采用小导洞注浆+台阶法+临时仰拱分层、分块开挖等综合方案施作换乘节点是合理的。现场对既有结构的自动化监测数据显示，施工过程中3号线车站负2层中板最大竖向位移为5.6 mm，车站既有地下连续墙最大深层水平位移仅为0.6 mm，既有结构变形均远小于监测预警值。     

TBM拆卸洞及拆机起重系统优化设计研究

TBM洞内拆机一般是在隧道内修建大断面拆卸洞,安装桥式起重机拆机。大断面拆卸洞施工难度较大,施工工期长,成本投入大。为了缩短TBM拆卸洞施工及拆机时间,减小施工难度,以南疆铁路吐库二线中天山隧道TBM拆机为例,研究设计适应性更好的小车式电动葫芦+倒链起重系统。该系统采取在隧道拱顶布设锚杆来固定导轨和独立吊点。通过对拆卸洞结构原设计方案与优化设计方案进行比选,确定优化断面的结构形式和断面尺寸,优化后拆卸洞断面缩小1/3,施工难度降低,达到安全快速拆卸TBM的目的。     

Analysis of Adaptability of TBM in Trial Boring Stage of Super long Tunnel（超特长隧洞TBM集群试掘进阶段适应性分析）

The total length of the 2nd stage water transfer project in the northern area of Xinjiang of China is 540 km. The project consists of three tunnels, namely Xi Er (XE) Tunnel, Ka Shuang (KS) Tunnel and Shuang San (SS)〖HJ6.5mm〗 Tunnel, with lengths of 139.04 km, 283.27 km and 92.15 km respectively. All of these three tunnels have deep cover and are super long tunnels, and 95.6% of the total length of these three tunnels is constructed by TBMs. KS Tunnel is the longest water tunnel built or under construction in the world. In the paper, the trial TBM boring scheme and schedule of the water transfer project are introduced; the geological conditions revealed are statistically analyzed; and main project difficulties, i.e. durability of key equipment in long distance driving, passing through fault and fracture zones, water inrush, single head ventilation and transportation in long distance tunneling, anti slope drainage, and rock breaking efficiency and boring efficiency, are put forward. The adaptability of the TBMs used is analyzed from the aspects of adaptability to different surrounding rocks, adaptability to bad geological conditions and countermeasures, long distance ventilation and belt conveyor mucking and countermeasures, and TBM boring stability (such as equipment availability, boring time proportion, system malfunction and operation time). The following conclusions are obtained: (1) Accurate geological survey is the precondition of efficient tunneling. (2) The open type TBM can better adapt to Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ of surrounding rocks, jointed and fractured zones and small faults; the adaptability of the TBMs used to the large scale fault fracture zones and water rich strata in this project is poor, and it needs to be improved in aspects of TBM equipment, supporting and construction technology. (3) The average availability of the TBM equipment in the trial boring stage is 89.9%, however, the malfunction rate of some ancillary equipment is high, particularly oil leakages occur to the main bearing seals; in order to achieve long distance tunneling, it is necessary to further improve the reliability and durability of the TBM equipment. (4) The average net boring efficiency in the trial boring stage is 296%, and TBM1 in Section Ⅱ of SS Tunnel achieves up to 45.2 % net boring efficiency; and highest monthly progress rate is 1 280 m, which created the highest record of the open type TBM boring in China. (5) TBM need to make great efforts to achieve 90% of the equipment system′s availability and over 40% of the tunneling efficiency.     

金家庄特长螺旋隧道施工通风方案优化分析

为加快长大隧道施工进度，多采用开挖斜井增加工作面，而多工作面同时施工时，通风成为影响掘进速度的重要因素。以金家庄螺旋隧道斜井工区工程为依托，针对左线现有压入式通风方案工作面风量较小、通风效果较差的问题，提出风仓式通风方案。采用三维数值模型对2种方案的“风机-风管-隧道”系统进行计算分析，并将数值计算所得测点风速与现测数据进行校验。计算结果表明： 1）现有压入式通风，风管供风量和洞内风速均不能满足隧道施工通风要求； 2）采用风仓式通风方案后，能较好地控制工作面风管出口风量，使各工作面风量满足要求； 3）风仓式通风具有灵活性，可随着隧道开挖进尺的增加，调节风仓内风机，控制工作面风量； 4）风仓式通风能减少风管长度和转角，从而减少漏风量和风压损失，较好地为工作面提供风量。本文研究成果可为类似工程提供参考，具有实际工程意义。     

Key Rock Mechanics Problems and Countermeasures on Huge Diversion Tunnel of Baihetan Hydropower Station（白鹤滩水电站巨型导流洞关键岩石力学问题与对策）

The large scale diversion tunnel of Baihetan Hydropower Station has complex geological conditions, thus various problems of rock mechanics appeared during the process of excavation. Typical damage and fracture mechanics are analyzed in depth, including the collapse along weak rock joint, stress controlled spalling, failure modes of fractured rock mass, relaxation damage of fractured rock columnar joints, localized stress affected by structural surfaces and stress controlled problems of superior fracture combinations. Engineering countermeasures are also summarised, which includes supporting measures, construction methods, supporting time, and monitoring and feedback methods for different types of failure. Through these measures, rock mechanics problems are successfully solved. Stability control of the surrounding rock of underground caverns under complicated geological conditions are achieved, ensuring successful completion of the enormous diversion tunnel of Baihetan.      

基于虚拟样机的磁悬浮列车悬浮系统建模及仿真

为避免建立微分方程描述磁悬浮列车动力学问题的困难,利用ADAMS和Matlab软件建立了CMS-03型磁悬浮列车的虚拟样机模型,介绍了悬浮系统的建模方法和理由。所建的列车虚拟样机模型能顺利通过按照长沙试验线建立的轨道曲线,悬浮电流的变化也与试验测量结果一致,说明悬浮系统的建模方法是合理的。该模型为改进控制算法、验证列车动力学分析结果提供了一个良好的仿真平台。     

宁和城际矿山法隧道下穿国铁隧道影响分析

为验证矿山法隧道设计的合理性和下穿货运铁路隧道的安全性,采用数值模拟方法,对宁和城际矿山法区间下穿宁芜货运铁路隧道的影响进行了研究分析。结果表明,区间隧道施工完成后,宁芜货运铁路隧道的最大沉降为6.7 mm,最大水平位移为1.2mm,引起的最大附加弯矩为32 k N·m,变形值满足货运铁路的运营要求,内力值也在结构的设计范围内。说明定向管棚+超前小导管的地层加固措施是可行的,矿山法隧道下穿铁路的设计是合理的,可为类似工程提供参考。