Study of Engineering Geological Conditions and Railway Tunnel Scheme across Qiongzhou Strait（琼州海峡工程地质条件及铁路隧道方案研究）

The cross sea channel for the Qiongzhou Strait not only provides a solution for transportation, but also plays an important role in the political and economic development of the region. In addition, the project has an extensive impact on many fields, such as energy, national defense, science and technology, opening up and reform, comprehensive utilization and so on. It is a significant project to enhance China′s comprehensive national strength, defend the country′s territorial integrity and promote regional economic development. The geological conditions across the Qiongzhou Strait are complex. A large amount of existing engineering geological information and hydrogeological data are collected, based on which the seismic impact on subsea tunnels and the main geological conditions including tectonic structures are analyzed. Different options crossing the Qiongzhou Strait have been considered and compared in terms of engineering geology, environmental condition, as well as the construction feasibility. The analystical results indicate that a subsea tunnel has more advantages over a bridge. Because more complicated technical difficulties have to be solved for a highway tunnel which would potentially increase construction and operation costs, a railway tunnel scheme is recommended. Vehicles can be carried by trains through the Qiongzhou Strait railway tunnel. Based on the seabed topography and geological conditions, four preliminary railway tunnel routes are proposed. After a comprehensive comparative analysis, the railway tunnel route Ⅱ is identified to be superior to other alternatives and should be the basis for determining the final tunnel layout. The proposed tunnel cross section includes two railway tunnels and one service tunnel. All the three tunnels have the same structural form and dimension and will be constructed by shield.     

桩基施工及承载阶段对运营盾构隧道的影响

针对合肥某立交桥上跨既有盾构隧道工程，通过有限元数值模拟方法对单桩邻近隧道施工进行参数敏感性分析，并进一步研究立交桥单桥墩桩基础与双桥墩桩基础在施工及承载阶段对盾构隧道管片变形与内力的影响；通过对比分析2种立交桥跨越既有盾构隧道方式下的地表沉降、盾构隧道管片及铁轨变形，探讨2种跨越方式在工程应用中的优劣。研究结果表明： 1）单桩对邻近隧道结构的影响，随着桩长、桩径的增加而增大；随着桩隧净间距的增大而近似呈指数函数形式降低。2）当桩长与隧道埋深比值大于1时，增加桩长是减小隧道结构变形的有效途径。3）单桥墩桩基础施工阶段对盾构隧道的影响效应小于承载阶段，管片位移以沉降为主。承载阶段随着荷载的增加，横向轴力与弯矩在靠桩一侧拱腰位置变化最大，纵向轴力与弯矩在拱顶位置变化最大。4）双桥墩桩基施工及承受上部荷载时，较单桥墩而言同一管片处的沉降增大0.3 mm，水平向位移减小0.56 mm。经比较，中间无桩的跨越隧道方式更优。     

Challenges and Countermeasures in Construction of  Gaoligongshan Tunnel of Dali Ruili Railway（大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道施工挑战与对策）

In order to resolve the challenges encountered in the construction of Gaoligongshan Tunnel such as soft rock deformation of inclined shafts, water drainage and protection of vertical shafts, TBM jam in crossing areas with adverse geology, solutions and key construction techniques are developed through theoretical analysis, field test, scheme optimization and staged review and summary. The performance results of field practice show that: (1)the goal of no damages and no replacement of the primary support can be achieved by adopting the comprehensive deformation prevention technique of "ring support early formation and quick closure", setting of proper excavation line curvature, and reinforcing of support; (2)the risk of vertical shaft flooding during construction in water rich weak granite can be greatly reduced by adopting the water control principle of "exploration for any excavation, plugging as the main method, and supplemented with drainage method" and the key pre grouting technique of S shaped deep boreholes; (3)the open type TBM can quickly and safely pass through the unfavorable mylonitic granite stratum by adopting the small pilot tunnel construction method, thus the fast and high efficiency construction performance of TBM can be fully utilized.     

Design Method and Application of Rock and Support System for Super large Span Tunnel（超大跨度隧道围岩支护体系构件化设计方法及其应用研究）

In order to guarantee the stability of surrounding rock and support structure of super large span tunnel and realize quantification of support structure design, the optimal excavation contour line shape is obtained based on study of influence of initial ground stress on bearing arch of surrounding rock; a new quantitative design method, in which the surrounding rock is regarded as an arch structure, bolts, cables, shotcrete and lining are designed to satisfy the intensity, rigidity and stability of the arch structure, is presented to design the support structure system. The method has been successfully applied to super large span tunnel of Badaling Great Wall Station on Beijing Zhangjiajie High speed Railway; and the applicable results show that the maximum accumulative settlement of crown top of large span section is only 17.3 mm, and the relative subsidence of crown top is only 0.09%, which can meet safety requirements.     

基于定位数据的旅游出行链提取方法及客流时空特征分析

旅游交通出行信息的提取为挖掘旅游者出行时空特征提供数据基础,从而对旅游交通规划与设计、旅游客运优化以及多模式旅游交通协调系统构建等提供支持.本研究以客运包车定位数据为基础,利用DBSCAN算法建立了旅游出行停留点识别方法,并基于关联规则技术提出了出行链提取、分类方法.论文以青海省热度排名前三的青海湖,塔尔寺和茶卡盐湖为研究对象,从多时间粒度挖掘了旅游出行者的旅游交通客流月/日变特征和旅游时间分布特征,以及旅客出发时间、抵达时间、景区驻留时间等信息.论文的主要方法及研究结论可为政府主管部门、景区监管部门以及交通运营管理部门提供决策支持.     

偏压荷载对箱型明洞受力影响及设计要点

为研究偏压荷载对箱型明洞结构受力影响，为该类明洞结构的设计提供理论依据，以某道路开孔箱型明洞工程为例，采用ANSYS有限元数值模拟方法进行计算分析,综合研究结果表明： 1）偏压回填箱型明洞靠山侧墙底部和外侧墙顶部受力较大，设计配筋时需要加强； 2）靠山侧墙背回填土侧压力对明洞结构受力影响较大，改善回填材料内摩擦角大小可以有效降低明洞结构内力，当内摩擦角增大到47°时最为经济； 3）可以通过在明洞洞顶回填EPE的方式减轻洞顶冲击荷载，降低明洞内力，最优回填厚度为0.9 m。     

光纤光栅传感和光电成像技术在地铁深基坑中的应用

为实时掌握基坑开挖过程中支护结构的变形情况，以宁波某地铁深基坑为依托，建立一套基于光纤光栅传感和光电成像技术的实时监测系统。介绍光纤光栅测量应变、光电式双向位移计测试墙顶水平位移和沉降的原理，并推导利用光纤光栅实测应变计算水平位移的公式。基坑开挖过程中，不同位移测试计算方法的成果对比分析结果表明： 光纤光栅传感技术测量墙体应变数据准确、可靠，计算的水平位移与测斜仪测得的水平位移一致，光电式双向位移计测试墙顶水平位移和沉降精度高于全站仪，可推广应用于基坑工程安全监测。     

基于特征图谱的区域出租车出行需求分布特征研究

以北京为例,基于出租车计价器数据和GPS数据,提取各活动空间的出租车需求发生、吸引强度,选取载客热点交通小区作为典型居民活动空间.采用主成份分析法实现数据降维,并采用Canopy-K means聚类方法,将典型活动空间划分为6类,包括居住地、就业区、商业娱乐区、旅游景区、交通枢纽区及综合型区域.采用特征图谱表征方法,分析了不同类型活动空间出租车出行需求分布时空特征.研究对于掌握区域出租车出行需求产生和吸引的时空分布特征与预测、改善出租汽车运输服务质量,具有重要的意义.     

地铁列车振动荷载作用下隧道底部土层孔隙水压力及变形特性研究

为研究地铁列车振动荷载长期作用下隧道底部土层的孔隙水压力及变形特性,以北京地铁7号线2期（东延）工程为背景,利用ADINA有限元计算平台建立典型隧道区间断面的有效应力分析模型,进行上限速度行车荷载作用下饱和场地土层-隧道体系水土耦合动力响应分析,研究典型位置处孔隙水压力时程变化规律,并预测地铁振动荷载作用下引起的沉降量。同时,对北京地铁7号线粉细砂进行土工室内试验,进一步研究隧道底部土层在地铁行车荷载作用下的孔隙水压力及竖向变形发展规律。结果表明： 1）在长期列车振动荷载作用下,隧道底部土层孔隙水压力逐渐增大,且增大值随土层深度的增加而减小; 2）土体的累积超孔隙水压力比和累积应变量随着荷载幅值的增加而增大; 3）与非均等固结条件相比,均等固结条件下的超孔隙水压力比较大,但累计应变量小; 4）列车振动引起的超孔隙水压力和应变均较小,超孔隙水压力在列车停运期间足以消散完毕。     

海底岩溶盾构隧道勘察、设计及岩溶处理关键技术研究——以大连地铁5号线火梭区间海底隧道为例

海底岩溶隧道勘察、设计难度大,施工风险高。以大连市地铁5号线海底岩溶大直径盾构隧道为研究对象,首次采用“跨孔CT物探+钻探”的海底隧道岩溶勘察方案,通过有限元计算确定海底岩溶隧道加固范围,通过抗浮计算确定岩溶隧道基底加固标准,提出海底岩溶的海面预处理具体实施方案和盾构针对性设计方案,从而形成一整套海底岩溶盾构隧道勘察、设计及岩溶处理方案。