欧洲BR189型多流制式电力机车

1999年夏,德国联邦铁路货运公司订购了100台新型BR189电力机车用于货物运输。该新型机车在原BR152的基础上进行必要的改进和研究试验,能够适应4种不同的电流制式和满足跨国运输要求。     

A two-dimensional framework for the understanding of transportation planning models

This article puts forward the view that, for each transportation planning or management problem, there is a particular way to simultaneously define the multiple levels of procedures useful for the problem and set it in its proper perspective, the latter essentially by the identification of what is exogenous and endogenous to the problem at hand. The joint determination of these levels and of the exogenous/endogenous mix defines the two-dimensional frame of each problem. To develop our view, we extend our previous conceptual framework to include, in the first dimension, an activity location procedure, and to distinguish, in the second dimension, between operational, tactical, and strategic perspectives. We conclude by relativising the use of solution techniques by making them ancillary to the situation planning requirements.     

Present and past vegetation in the high arctic, easternmost North Greenland and the relation to the Northeast Water Polynya

The extremely poor polar desert vegetation of a coastal belt along the polynya on Sophus Müller Nœs is described and compared with the richer vegetation of Amdrup Land approximately 30 km from the coast. A new delimitation of the polar deserts in Greenland is proposed. A core from the bottom of a lake in Amdrup Land gives evidence of an early Holocene period warmer than today.     

Validating the Passenger Traffic Model for Copenhagen

The paper presents a comprehensive validation procedure for the passenger traffic model for Copenhagen based on external data from the Danish national travel survey and traffic counts. The model was validated for the years 2000–2004, with 2004 being of particular interest because the Copenhagen Metro became operational in autumn 2002. We observed that forecasts from the demand sub-models agree well with the data from the 2000 national travel survey, with the mode choice forecasts in particular being a good match with the observed modal split. The results of the 2000 car assignment model matched the observed traffic better than those of the transit assignment model. With respect to the metro forecasts, the model over-predicts metro passenger flows by 10–50%. The wide range of findings from the project resulted in two actions. First, a project was started in January 2005 to upgrade the model’s base trip matrices. Second, a dialog between researchers and the Ministry of Transport has been initiated to discuss the need to upgrade the Copenhagen model, e.g. a switching to an activity-based paradigm and improving assignment procedures.     

Road classification for two-wheeled vehicles

This publication presents a three-part road classification system that utilises the vehicle's onboard signals of two-wheeled vehicles. First, a curve estimator was developed to identify and classify road curves. In addition, the curve estimator continuously classifies the road curviness. Second, the road slope was evaluated to determine the hilliness of a given road. Third, a modular road profile estimator has been developed to classify the road profile according to ISO 8608, which utilises the vehicle's transfer functions. The road profile estimator continuously classifies the driven road. The proposed methods for the classification of curviness, hilliness, and road roughness have been validated with measurements. The road classification system enables the collection of vehicle-independent field data of two-wheeled vehicles. The road properties are part of the customer usage profiles which are essential to define vehicle design targets.