轿车车门刚度有限元分析及结构优化

本文建立了车门变形分析的有限元模型。分别对车门在理论间隙和实测间隙下的Y向变形、X向变形进行分析。最后，对车门的薄弱部位进行了分析，并提出了加强车门结构刚度的优化措施，通过对刚度加强前后比较，表明在加强刚度后车门变形明显地减小，从而对实际生产工艺具有理论指导意义。     

Permanent Magnet Linear Motors Used as Variable Mechanical Dampers for Vehicle Suspensions

Linear electrodynamic motors consisting of coils of copper wire interacting with magnetic fields produced by permanent magnets can be used to construct mechanical dampers with a damping coefficient which can be rapidly varied by changing the external resistance connected to the coil. Limitations to the use of these variable dampers arise due to the coil's own resistance and mass and the practically achievable magnetic field. A moving coil system is first analyzed and then modifications to the basic results when a moving magnet design is used are given. The results indicate that for the oscillation freauencies tvoicallv encountered in road vehicle suspensions, electrodynamic variable shock absorbers are feasible. A novel coreless design appropriate for use with high energy permanent magnets is proposed which would significantly reduce the weight of the units.     

高地应力软弱围岩铁路隧道的衬砌压力

以关角隧道为工程背景,采用开挖应力释放率模型,研究高地应力软弱围岩地质条件下铁路隧道的衬砌压力.基于现场实测地应力和施工监测位移,根据台阶法开挖中存在的空间效应,推算未监测到的坑道周边位移和掌子面前方位移,再采用改进的BP人工神经网络模型预测隧道围岩的最终位移.利用开挖应力释放率模型获得隧道衬砌压力及应力释放规律.该规律与经典围岩特征曲线规律一致,且与工程经验和现场施工状态基本符合.采用FLAC3D软件对该段隧道开挖过程进行三维数值模拟,验证了上述方法在高地应力软弱围岩地质条件下的正确性和合理性.计算结果和模拟结果均表明:由于高地应力软弱围岩和初支效果不佳,使得关角隧道DyK307+ 900处衬砌压力较大,隧道结构处于不利的受力状态.     

Inclusionary housing in the California coastal zone

Abstract

This article evaluates the performance of the California Coastal Commission's inclusionary housing program by examining: (1) the scope of the housing regulations, (2) initial permit decisions on residential projects, (3) the disposition of these permits overtime, and (4) the composition of completed projects and a best‐case projection of possible project completions. Using a case study of Southern California, factors affecting program success are discussed, including the effects of the various regulations, the availability of project subsidies, local government permit policies, and housing market fluctuations. The authors conclude that such state regulatory programs cannot be expected to succeed in urbanized coastal areas without incentives for developers and augmented state agency authority, superseding local land use controls.     

Traffic control and route-choice; a simple example

The paper considers, in a simple case, the interaction between Webster's Method and drivers' route-choice decisions. In the example considered the overall network capacity is severely reduced by using Webster's Method. This shows that Webster's Method does not, in general, maximize the travel capacity of a road network. The analysis of this simple case suggests a signal-setting policy which does maximize the travel capacity of a general network.     

Performance Limitations and Constraints for Active and Passive Suspensions: a Mechanical Multi-port Approach

This paper develops a framework using mechanical multi-port networks to study the performance capabilities and constraints in vehicle suspensions. We seek to understand the set of dynamic responses which are achievable for both passive and active systems. To this end, we view a suspension system as a mechanical multi-port network and draw on concepts from electrical circuits such as passivity and reciprocity. We identify necessary conditions on the external behaviour of a quarter-car model for the suspension to be capable of passive realisation, and thereby establish that several behaviours or force laws cannot be implemented without an internal power source. We study the number of available degrees of freedom (i.e., independently specifiable impedances) in the quarter-, half- and full-car cases.