客车运行中产生自然制动的原因分析与建议

对装用104型客车分配阀且带电子防滑器的个别车辆在运行过程中发生的自然制动现象进行了调查与分析，并提出了相应的建议。     

基于黑板体系的CGF智能决策系统的构造

介绍了一种智能决策系统的结构设计，此设计以黑板体系为构架，通过内置的黑板结构、知识源结构及椎理控制策略为CGF提供一个简易、友好的智能决策系统。在决策推理决策中，由于不精确推理算法的使用，使得此智能决策系统决策快速而准确，满足了CGF智能决策的需求。     

A review of the Effect of α/W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅱ） experimental investigation in LEFM

In part I of this series, experimental investigation in EPFM （elastic-plastic fracture mechanics） had been discussed. In this paper, experimental investigation in LEFM （ linear elastic fracture mechanics） is given. Fracture toughness tests had been carried out on three different strength steels, using both through-cracked specimens with different α/W ratio and semi-elliptical cracked specimens with variable crack size and shape. Results show that the fracture toughness KIC increases with decreasing α/W when α/W 〈 0.3 for three-point-bend specimens, and that for α/W 〉 0.3, it is independent of α/W. Shallow crack specimens, both through-cracked and surface-cracked, gave markedly higher values than deeply notched specimens. However, the effect of crack shape on fracture toughness is negligible. Results also show that the LEFM approach to fracture is not tenable for design stresses where αc is often very small, far less than 2.5 （ KIC/σy）^2.     

FINGERNAIL GROWTH RATE IN A NORMAL CHINESE POPULATION

Objective To investigate fingernail growth rate (FNGR) role in the physiological or pathological status of the fingernails in normal Chinese population. Methods The FNGR was measured with vernier caliper. The data of 1 595 fingernails from 208 normal Chinese subjects (including 96 men and 112 women; age ranging from 14 to 78 years) were analyzed. Results The average FNGR was (0.104±0.027) mm per day. Higher growth rates were observed in males than in females, in the young individuals than in the old individuals, in summer than in winter, and in the right hand than in the left hand, respectively. The FNGR differed among fingernails and decreased in order of precedence: middle fingernails, index fingernails or ring fingernails, thumb and little fingernails. Conclusion FNGR was significantly associated with age, gender and temperature. Different fingernail grew at an individual speed.     

开展铁路工程地质勘察监理的程序

铁路工程地质勘察监理已实施一段时间,笔者先后参加了襄渝线、包西线、襄石线等勘察监理工作,对勘察监理有着较深的体会。下面就监理工作的开展程序做一下介绍,希望对今后的工程地质勘察监理工作的开展提供一定的借鉴。     

沪杭磁浮线的社会经济效益分析

沪杭磁浮线对长江三角洲的经济将会带来巨大影响,同时其投入资金巨大.从可量化效益(节约乘客出行时间、提高安全性、提高乘客的劳动生产率、节约城市土地、降低污染、带动沿线不动产的增值、节约能源)和不可量化效益(改善交通促进城市发展、改善居民生活质量)这两大方面对沪杭磁浮线的社会经济效益进行分析.     

载人潜水器耐压球壳的多目标优化设计

采用基于响应面(RSM)近似模型和遗传算法(GA)对某深海载人潜水器耐压球壳进行多目标优化设计。首先建立深海载人潜水器耐压球壳的结构优化模型,通过试验设计(DOE)获得设计目标的响应特性,拟合得到响应面近似模型,最后采用Pareto遗传算法对响应面模型进行多目标优化求解,得到潜水器耐压球壳的优化设计方案。     

王家山2号T形刚构铁路桥弹塑性减震方案的研究

为了减弱地震反应,在双薄壁墩间设置合适尺寸的弹塑性连接梁,在地震中,连接梁产生塑性变形而耗能,在端部形成塑性铰,减轻了结构的地震响应。比较了设置连接梁与不设置连接梁两个桥梁模型,分别计算在顺桥向输入地震波时,薄壁墩柱的弯矩及位移,表明设置弹塑性连接梁的减震效果明显。     

浅谈客运专线高性能混凝土施工

研究目的：高性能混凝土在铁路客运专线施工中被广泛采用，克服高性能混凝土特点引起的性能缺陷，确保客运专线工程的100年使用寿命。 研究方法：结合武汉天兴洲长江大桥施工中混凝土工程的实际应用，进行高性能混凝土配合比的设计、试配及施工控制，配制出高强度、高耐久性、低徐变、体积稳定性好的高性能混凝土。 研究结果：高性能混凝土配合比设计中，应将胶凝材料用量控制在500kg／m^2以下。配合比中水胶比、砂率、外加剂等因素会对混凝土的强度、和易性、坍落度等不同方面造成影响。 研究结论：选择合理的施工配合比及施工控制措施，使混凝土达到最密实状态，不但有助于降低工程制造成本，提高混凝土强度，而且混凝土内部空隙少，能抵抗外来腐蚀介质的侵入，保护钢筋，大大提高混凝土耐久性，确保工程质量。     

提速线路旁深基坑施工的路基防护

在提速线路和高路堤旁开挖深基坑及施工墩台对既有路基稳定性的影响,是工程施工中首要解决的问题.此文结合津浦线澥河大桥护孔工程深基坑钻孔桩支护的成功经验,探讨了路基防护的措施.