Mixed analysis of shell and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method

 This article presents a mixed method of analyzing shell elements and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method. In the structural design of a ship's hull, the shell elements are used for the global model. However, the solid elements are necessary to analyze the stress concentration zones or the vicinity of a crack. In such cases, the models are analyzed using zooming analysis, in which the results of a global model analysis are transferred to a local model analysis by imposing boundary conditions. This method is more advantageous than zooming analysis in terms of the accuracy of the solution and the modeling flexibility. Some examples of a plate model with a cracked surface or with a projection are shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Received: August 6, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Address correspondence to: S. Nakasumi (sumi@nasl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2001;189:219–224; and 190:655–662)     

通孔玻璃材料的研制

研究了利用废旧玻璃用松装烧结和模压烧结方法生产通孔材料的可能性，以及原始粉末尺寸、烧结工艺和造孔剂添加量对通孔材料的密度和孔隙度的影响。实验结果表明，用废旧玻璃经松装烧结或模压烧结后可制得通孔材料；松装烧结时，随烧结温度提高，烧结保温时间延长，原始粉末粒度变细，烧结后通孔材料的密度增大，而孔隙度降低；模压烧结时造孔剂的最佳百分含量为５％～５０％，且通孔材料随造孔剂的百分含量增加，密度降低，孔隙度增大。     

Dynamic Simulation of a Smart Crank and Slider Mechanism

In this paper, a smart crank and slider mechanism is analyzed mostly from a dynamic view. By means of dynamic explicit finite element method, 3D nonlinear structure is simulated. It is proved that the mechanism can effectively accomplish smart movement prescribed. And in order to ensure reciprocal movement with higher frequency, measures should be taken to avoid over heating of parts. Compared with internal energy, kinetic energy of total rigid body is dominating, and Y direction equivalent rigid velocity is much higher than X direction velocity. Equivalent rigid velocity of all parts is consistent with respective movement condition. For both energy and velocity, slider effect is dominating. Three direction equivalent inertia force oscillates. Force amplitude in Y -direction is comparitively the greatest.     

Maritime accident investigation and temporal determinants of maritime accidents: A case study

This paper presents the results of an investigation into temporal determinants of maritime accidents based on a data-set obtained from the proceedings of formal inquiries in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The results show that there is no statistically significant outcome between the probability for an accident and the time of watch. Thus the results do not confirm previous studies, which reported significant time of day effects.The outcome of this study indicates that marine inquiries can provide useful data for an analysis of underlying causes of maritime accidents. It is suggested that accident inquiries should be extended into the area of watch systems employed and should record the hours of work and of rest of the officers on the watch involved in a maritime accident.     

The role of professional associations in shipping

This article is in three parts. The first covers the historical development of qualifying associations. The second covers the particular role of maritime institutions that include The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, The Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology and The Nautical Institute. The third and final section considers the future for maritime professional associations in the context of international shipping.     

货车转向架下部限界及压吨检测机的研制

对铁路货车转向架下部限界及压吨检测机的设计原理和应用状况进行了简要的介绍,该设备的研制成功提高了转K2型转向架的生产质量和效率,同时,该设备也能用于K5、K6等型转向架的检测。     

方中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压构件的理论研究

在确定了钢材和混凝土本构关系模型的基础上,采用数值方法,对方中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压构件的荷载—变形关系曲线进行了计算,计算结果和试验结果吻合良好。     

水下浇注混凝土灌注桩灌注事故预防及处理

水下混凝土灌注桩在桥梁基础结构中应用广泛，但其施工工艺复杂，受影响因素较多，作者根据多年施工经验，对水下混凝土灌注桩灌注事故预防及处理做出几点分析和总结。     

航运市场中的牛鞭效应研究

揭示了航运市场中存在的牛鞭效应。结合航运产品的特点及H.L.Lee对牛鞭效应的研究,分析了对航运产品需求的预测、船舶建造周期、批量运输及运输的不平衡性、运输价格的波动、定量供应与短缺博弈是产生航运市场牛鞭效应的主要原因,并由此提出了相应的对策框架。     

利用建构主义教学模式指导计算机应用基础课程的教学

在建构主义理论指导下,教师利用情境、协作学习环境,进行教学目标、情境、自主学习、协作学习环境设计,充分发挥学生学习计算机应用课程的主动性和创造性.