Transit assignment under crowded conditions

This paper presents a transit assignment algorithm for crowded networks. Both congestion in vehicles and queuing at stations are explicitly taken into account in predicting passenger flows for a fixed pattern of origin-destination trip demands. The overflow effects due to insufficient capacity of transit lines are considered to be concentrated at transit stations, while the in-vehicle congestion effects (or discomforts) are considered to be dependent on in-vehicle passenger volume. Overflow delay at a transit station is dependent on the number of excess passengers required to wait for the next transit car. We use a logit model to determine the split between passengers that chose to wait for the next transit car and passengers that chose to board on the alternative transit lines. The proposed algorithm predicts how passenger will choose their optimal routes under both queuing and crowded conditions.     

烟大火车渡船方案设计两种推进装置的比较

烟大线火车渡船可以采用常规柴油机推进或柴油机电力推进。通过对两种推进方式在可靠性、冗余性、机动性、先进性以及经济性方面进行分析与比较后，选用第三代，即吊舱式柴油机电力推进装置。它的设计和建造是我院、我国造船史上一件大事。     

Consolidation and contestability in the European container handling industry

The first part of this paper brings into discussion some recent changes in the dynamics of the European container handling business, in particular as a result of vertical and horizontal integration strategies of container terminal operators. The industry structure has become sufficiently consolidated to raise a fundamental question about whether market forces are sufficient to prevent the abuse of market power. In this context, reference is made to the theory of contestable markets. The second part of the paper looks more closely to the issue of contestability by means of an exploratory and qualitative study of elements that could prevent other players entering or exiting the European container handling market. As such, a first indication is given of the degree of contestability in the container handling industry.     

橡胶履带啮合副的受力分析与稳定工作区的建立

通过简化ＣＴＷ１２型全地面越野车的橡胶履带行走机构，建立啮合副物理模型。在受力分析的基础上，建立力学模型，确定传动件半径、压力角与中性层位置之间的关系，最后找出传动件随载荷变化在驱动轮齿上的稳定工作区，为设计合理的橡胶履带啮合副提供理论依据。     

Benthic community patterns reflect water column processes in the Northeast Water polynya (Greenland)

Benthic community patterns were investigated in the Northeast Water polynya (Greenland) during the summers of 1992 and 1993 to elucidate to what extent the bottom fauna is influenced by the dynamics of the overlying water. Five different fractions of the benthos (foraminiferans, nematodes, polychaetes, peracarid crustaceans, and epibenthic megafauna), ranging in average adult body size over 6 orders of magnitude (from about 100 μm to about 10 cm), were sampled quantitatively at 69 stations in water depths from 40 to 515 m. Total abundances of nematodes, polychaetes and peracarid crustaceans were found to be primarily correlated with parameters characterizing the potential benthic food supply (water column pigment and nitrate concentrations, sediment bound pigments and sediment biological activity), whereas abundances of foraminiferans and megabenthos were largely associated with seabed properties. Four benthic zones were distinguished by separately analyzing the faunistic composition and distribution of the five community fractions for Ob Bank, Western Westwind Trough, Eastern Westwind Trough, and Belgica Trough. This pattern was shown principally to reflect pelagic regimes differing in surface water hydrography, ice cover and euphotic productivity. This is the first time that a synoptic study of several benthic community portions spanning such a range in sizes and life styles has been performed in a polar shelf ecosystem. Our results indicate that abundances as well as composition of Arctic benthos are largely influenced by mesoscale pelagic processes, and thus provide further evidence for the importance of the benthic-pelagic coupling in high latitude seas.     

空气污染气象与大气环境影响评价和预测研究

通过关于大气污染与气象条件、污染气象要素的测量手段和方法的介绍,以及对区域大气边界层扩散参数、大气扩散数学模式选择等计算方法的分析后,进一步阐明污染物在大气输送、扩散、迁移的稀释过程中,与气候、气象条件有着密切关系,应在大气环境影响评价和预测分析中予以重视。     

学习贯彻两个部令全面提高铁路工程质量

2006年1月4日,刘志军部长分别签署了铁道部第25号、第26号令,发布了《铁路建设工程质量管理规定》和《铁路建设工程勘察设计管理办法》(以下简称“两个部令”),自2006年3月1日起施行。学习贯彻“两个部令”,是当前铁路建设管理的一项重要工作任务。1“两个部令”的重要意义铁道     

桥梁裂缝产生原因浅谈

从施工荷载引起的裂缝,温度变化引起的裂缝,收缩引起的裂缝,地基础变形引起的裂缝,钢筋锈蚀引起的裂缝,冻胀引起的裂缝,施工材料质量引起的裂缝,施工工艺质量引起的裂缝等方面阐述桥梁裂缝产生的原因。     

铁路旅客服务综合信息系统总体方案的研究

为给铁路旅客提供更加人性化的服务,提高旅客满意度,建立铁路旅客服务综合信息系统成为提高铁路竞争力的重要手段之一。经过充分的调研,确定了铁路旅客服务综合信息系统的总体框架及其系统结构设计,提出该系统不仅要真正满足旅客的需要,而且也要建立以旅客为中心的服务理念,为客户提供最大程度的满意服务。系统在建设中遵循自上而下的原则,以点带面,逐步推进,切实创建一流服务信息系统品牌效应。     

在实践中创新在岗位上奉献

一位普通的工人技师,在30多年的工作中,敢于拿港口的洋设备“开刀”,主持开展技术革新130多项,为单位创造效益8400多万元,两次被评为全国劳动模范,两次荣获天津市特等劳动模范称号。拥有“知识型产业工人”“、蓝领专家”“、港口工人的坐标”、“排障专家”等众多赞誉。他就是天津港(集团)公司煤码头有限责任公司操作一队队长孔祥瑞。应广大读者要求,本刊约请孔祥瑞撰写他的创新成果,以飨读者。————编者