Simultaneous localization and mapping of autonomous underwater vehicle using looking forward sonar

A method of underwater simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) based on on-board looking forward sonar is proposed. The real-time data flow is obtained to form the underwater acoustic images and these images are pre-processed and positions of objects are extracted for SLAM. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is selected as the kernel approach to enable the underwater vehicle to construct a feature map, and the EKF can locate the underwater vehicle through the map. In order to improve the association efficiency, a novel association method based on ant colony algorithm is introduced. Results obtained on simulation data and real acoustic vision data in tank are displayed and discussed. The proposed method maintains better association efficiency and reduces navigation error, and is effective and feasible.     

一种仿生水下机器人的研究进展

近年来仿生技术在水下机器人上的应用已经成为水下机器人的重要研究方向之一.本文介绍了哈尔滨工程大学研制的"仿生-Ⅰ"号水下机器人.该机器人以蓝鳍金枪鱼为模本,长2.4m,前体固定,后体(约1/3体长)为具有3个节点的摆动装置,采用月牙形尾鳍.水动力计算和水池实验表明,仿鱼推进和操纵方式比传统的桨舵具有高效性和高机动性.     

深水半潜式钻井平台动力定位建模与仿真

针对海洋结构物的过程对象模型中水动力系数较多且较难获得准确的数值,运用控制对象模型代替过程对象模型来模拟海洋平台动力定位时的动态响应.采用模块法对半潜式平台主要的水上建筑以及水下建筑进行了不同标准构件模块的离散,通过叠加各离散构件的载荷获得风与海流的总载荷.应用所建立的模型对981钻井平台在待机工况与作业工况进行了动力定位的时域仿真,仿真结果表明模型切实可行,可以用于动力定位的实时模拟与系统调试.     

Saliency motivated pulse coupled neural network for underwater laser image segmentation

The detection range of underwater laser imaging technology achieves 4—6 times of detection range of conventional camera in intervening water medium, which makes it very promising in oceanic research, deep sea exploration and robotic works. However, the special features in underwater laser images, such as speckle noise and non-uniform illumination, bring great difficulty for image segmentation. In this paper, a novel saliency motivated pulse coupled neural network(SM-PCNN) is proposed for underwater laser image segmentation. The pixel saliency is used as external stimulus of neurons. For improvement of convergence speed to optimal segmentation, a gradient descent method based on maximum two-dimensional Renyi entropy criterion is utilized to determine the dynamic threshold. On the basis of region contrast in each iteration step, the real object regions are effectively distinguished,and the robustness against speckle noise and non-uniform illumination is improved by region selection. The proposed method is compared with four other state-of-the-art methods which are watershed, fuzzy C-means, meanshift and normalized cut methods. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method to allow more accurate segmentation and higher robustness.     

一种基于航位推算的水下机器人导航算法

本文针对智能水下机器人(AUV)导航信息较少的特点,进行了基于航位推算的AUV导航系统研究.首先利用传感器信息进行了航位推算,然后建立了基于一阶时间相关函数的辛格模型,利用强跟踪卡尔曼滤波算法对推算结果进行了次最优估计,提高了系统的跟踪能力,改善了导航精度,同时对GPS数据进行了野值剔除.松花湖上的试验结果验证了算法的有效性.     

基于神经网络的水下机器人推进器故障诊断

为提高水下机器人系统的总体可靠性,开展了推进器故障诊断研究。在三层BP神经网络的基础上,提出了一种改进的递归神经网络并推导了网络的训练算法。利用直航、转艏等试验对网络进行训练,将训练好的网络用于水下机器人运动建模,对比模型的输出与实际传感器测量值来获取残差,通过分析残差特性来提取故障诊断判据,进而进行推进器故障诊断。将提出的方法应用到仿真试验和海上试验中,得出了相应的试验结果。通过对试验结果的分析研究,验证了方法的有效性与可行性,同时也表明该方法在工程应用方面具有一定的参考意义。     

深潜救生艇位姿控制系统研究

从硬件和软件两方面详细论述了深潜救生艇试验载体的位姿控制系统体系结构.针对深潜救生艇在对接过程中对倾角能力的特殊要求,引入压载水舱和泵阀系统进行纵横倾调节,通过控制泵、阀的开关时间控制试验载体纵横倾的大小,使试验载体的纵横倾能力分别达到了30°和15°.为了解决试验载体在大倾角定位过程中的推力分配问题,将控制器解算得到的力(矩)转移到随体坐标系下进行分析,简化了推力分配的复杂程度.最后通过水池试验验证了整个位姿控制系统的可行性和可靠性,并对系统有待完善的地方给出了一些改进建议.     

潜艇载荷称重系统

潜艇载荷称重系统的功能,是在潜艇建造过程中对潜艇的载荷进行准确完整称重,统计计算潜艇的载荷和重心,分各个阶段预报载荷的偏离对于潜艇水下均衡性能的影响,提供完工载荷文件。     

高速无舵翼水下机器人运动控制研究

通过改进传统水下机器人体系结构中的执行层、控制层和感知层,提出了无舵翼水下机器人的运动控制系统,使得水下机器人的运动控制系统在保持原有精确定位的功能外,也能完成远距离高速航行等任务.具体的改变包括执行层中的推进器布置方式以及推力分配方案、控制层中的控制方法以及在感知层中加入局部目标规划器,这些改变解决了高速航行给无舵翼水下机器人带来的一系列问题.海上进行的对比试验和远距离长航试验,验证了无舵翼水下机器人在所提出的运动控制系统控制下是可以满足任务要求的.     

半潜平台动力定位系统模型预测控制器设计(英文)

This paper researches how to apply the advanced control technology of model predictive control(MPC) to the design of the dynamic positioning system(DPS) of a semi-submersible platform.First,a linear low-frequency motion model with three degrees of freedom was established in the context of a semi-submersible platform.Second,a model predictive controller was designed based on a model which took the constraints of the system into account.Third,simulation was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the controller.The results show that the model predictive controller has good performance and good at dealing with the constraints of the system.