The coastal edge of the Northeast Water polynya in spring 1993

Multidisciplinary, marine ecological observations were conducted at the shallow water edge of the Northeast Water in June, 1993. Although variable in size and shape, a small polynya was constantly present at Eskimonaes, at the fast-ice edge of Ingolfsfjord. A shallow stratified layer developed at the water sufface at negative water and air temperatures—an effect of sea ice melting in cold water early in the season. Nutrients were recorded in considerable quantities, although by mid July NO₃ had become depleted. The chlorophyll and phytoplankton maxima at 8–12 m depth had peak values of 2 mg chl a m⁻³, typical for Arctic algal blooms. The phytoplankton included over 90 species and was dominated by the Fragillariopsis group. Zooplankton was poor in biomass and density, but over 23 taxa were found, with the copepods Oithona similis and Pseudocalanus acuspes being numerically dominant. Sedimentation was approximately 0.2 g dry weight m⁻² d⁻¹ and suspended matter concentrations ranged from 4 to 19 mg l⁻¹. The benthos was represented by hard bottom forms only, with a surprisingly dense cover of macrophytes. Juvenile sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis), brittle stars (Ophiocten sericeum) and amphipods were dominant. Higher trophic levels were represented by benthic feeders, such as eiders and walruses. The area observed was more similar to high Arctic fjord ecosystems than to the offshore central Northeast Water polynya.     

原铁路分局货运调度管理系统的研究与应用

介绍原铁路分局货运调度管理系统的研究与应用,包括项目的开发过程、系统体系结构和系统功能,描述了实现方法及未来发展.     

液压同步运动系统变结构控制设计

以一执行器的实际运动轨迹作为另一执行器的理想跟踪目标,针对实际液压系统非线性时变特点,对两执行器的同步误差采用变结构控制策略。研究表明：采用变结构控制的液压同步运动系统,不仅具有较强的鲁棒性,而且有良好的动态品质和同步精度。     

德国铁路电力机车动车概况

简要介绍德国铁路现有电力机车动车的各种系列、数量和主要改进.     

Valuation of externalities through neo-classical methods by including institutional variables

Externalities are uncompensated influences that are not expressed in a market but that affect the production possibilities or the welfare level of third parties. An example is the noise pollution in airport areas. Although air transport is an important source of economic growth and employment in many countries, the social and environmental problems connected with this sector are rising rapidly. Consequently, airports are becoming a matter of concern to many politicians. On what kind of values should they base their decisions as to further growth or consolidation of the current situation? In this paper we discuss two approaches, one based on mainstream, neo-classical, economics, and one based on institutional approaches, more in particular new institutional economics, which can be seen as a development complementary to the mainstream.     

称重台计算机数据采集系统软件的升级及功能强化与完善

青年基金项目《称重台计算机数据采集系统软件的升级及功能强化与完善》如期完成，本文将原有软件的部分不足和新软件的改进以及增加的功能作一个比较。     

高精度GPS工程控制网天线高问题

介绍GPS接收机天线的基本结构和天线高的量取方法,从基线向量、闭合差、大地高、点位坐标等方面,阐述了天线高误差对平差计算造成的影响,说明在高精度GPS测量中要重视天线高问题,并探讨了天线高粗差探测的方法。     

桥梁施工控制网复测方法及成果分析

以某桥梁施工控制网为例,介绍桥梁施工控制网的复测方法及精度分析。     

Eddies around Madagascar — The retroflection re-considered

The Agulhas Current with its retroflection and attendant eddy-shedding is the cause of some of the greatest mesoscale variability in the ocean. This paper considers the area to the south and east of Madagascar, which provides some of the source waters of the Agulhas Current, and examines the propagating sea surface height signals in altimetry and output from a numerical model, OCCAM. Both show bands of variability along the axis of the East Madagascar Current (EMC) and along a zonal band near 25°S. Sequences of images plus associated temperature data suggest that a number of westward-propagating eddies are present in this zonal band. The paper then focuses on the region to the south of the island, where ocean colour and infra-red imagery are evocative of an East Madagascar Retroflection. The synthesis of data analysed in this paper, however, shows that remotely observed features in this area can be explained by anticyclonic eddies moving westward through the region, and this explanation is consistent with numerical model output and the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

基于GNSS/GIS的平交道口智能控制

铁路平交道口的安全和通行效率是直接关系到行人人身安全和列车运行安全的关键。通过综合采用GNSS/GIS技术实现平交道口智能控制的思想及其系统应用的关键技术和框架组成,并采用实际GPS数据进行仿真,验证其正确性。基于GNSS/GIS的平交道口智能控制可以减少铁路运营维护成本,减少道口处机动车的平均延误时间,使铁路与公路对平交道口的占用权更加合理,并且提高道口的安全性和可靠性。