海底单层保温管线总传热系数分析

总传热系数K是海底热油管道的运行管理中的一个非常关键的参数.文中通过对中海油涠洲11 -1油田至涠洲12 -1油田之间的海底管道总传热系数进行理论计算,并与投产前根据实际预热数据反算的总传热系数进行对比,得出理论计算的总传热系数与实际预热反算得到的总传热系数相近,同时指出海管接口的散热损失较大,海底管线应对接口部分进行...     

A proposal for cost-related and market-oriented train running charges

This paper examines some key aspects of a charging system for promoting railway transport, including charges reflecting a clear relationship with costs (transparency) and charges reflecting the quality of the infrastructure manager's service. Train running charges recover track-related costs and can help to develop a charging system that meets these requirements. To orient train running charges to the market, a method for processing track maintenance and renewal costs is proposed whereby the quality of the service provided by an infrastructure is measured according to its utility to the railway undertaking. To achieve transparency, a single indicator is used for cost planning and the subsequent levying of costs on railway undertakings. The paper includes an example of how proposed train running charges would be calculated according to data from 14 European countries. The example shows that short-distance trains generate the lowest maintenance and renewal costs, followed by long-distance trains and freight trains.     

Modeling the interactions between car and bicycle in heterogeneous traffic

In this paper, a new cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the car and bicycle heterogeneous traffic on urban road. To capture the complex interactions between these two types of vehicles, a novel occupancy rule is adopted in the proposed model to consider the variable lateral distances of mixed vehicular traffic. Based on massive simulations, microscopic fundamental diagrams under different bicycle densities are devised. With these, the bicycle's spilling behavior is then investigated and discussed. In order to reflect the interference of a bicycle on a car, the interference transformation from friction state to block state is modeled explicitly. Finally, different simulation results under different occupancy rules indicate that the constant and fixed occupancy rule adopted in the previous studies might lead to overestimation of car flux in the heterogeneous traffic flows with different bicycle densities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of vehicle driving parameters on the noise caused by passenger cars in urban traffic

In this work, a sample of vehicles has been instrumented to measure of variables that influence vehicle noise emissions in Madrid. A circuit reproducing a normal travel pattern in large city is traveled by a fleet of vehicle models representing the fleets of cars in a European city. A sample of drivers covers the test track under different traffic conditions. Driving parameters and noise emitted have been recorded in each test and average values have been extracted. These data have been analyzed to define the noise emissions produced by a vehicle in real driving conditions and to identify the noisiest driving behaviors.     

One city,three models: comparison of land‐use/transport policy simulation models for Dortmund

The paper reports on simulation experiments conducted by the International Study Group on Land‐Use/Transport Interaction (ISGLUTI) for the metropolitan region of Dortmund in the Federal Republic of Germany. Three land‐use/transport simulation models were applied to the Dortmund region: the DORTMUND model developed at the University of Dortmund, the LILT model being used at University College London and the MEPLAN package developed by Marcial Echenique & Partners in Cambridge. The three models are briefly characterized and their ex‐post forecasts are compared with the actual development of the region. The final section of the paper compares how the three models respond to a common set of assumptions and policies from the fields of land‐use control, traffic management and transport investment. The differences in model response give insights into the validity of the theoretical foundations and internal structure of the models.     

Traffic assignment by trip type using volume restraint and link restraint for application in small urban areas

This research involved the development of a new traffic assignment model consisting of a set of procedures for an urbanized area with a population of 172,000. Historical, social, and economic data were used as input to conventional trip generation and trip distribution models to produce a trip table for network assignment. This fixed table was divided into three trip types: external-external trips, external-internal trips, and internal-internal trips. The methodology used to develop the new traffic assignment model assigned each of the trip types by varying the diversion of trips from the minimum path. External-external trips were assigned on a minimum path routing and external-internal trips were assigned with a slight diversion from the minimum path. Internal-internal trips were assigned with more diversion than external-internal trips and adjusted by utilizing iterative volume restraint and incremental link restraint. A statistical analysis indicated that assigning trips by trip types using trip diversion and volume and link restraint produces a significant improvement in the accuracy of the assigned traffic volumes.     

纯电骡子车开发及试制新方法应用

通过对比燃油汽车与纯电动汽车整车架构,分析燃油车改制纯电动骡子车的可行性.利用现有车型完成纯电动骡子车改制,不仅可以节省开发成本,还可以加快新产品升级换代.同时基于两种车型的差异性,制定相应的车型改制方案.阐述常见的改制内容与创新方法应用,为后续同平台新车型开发提供参考.     

基于机器人的车身焊接技术研究

目前,机器人在我国应用的范围相对比较广阔,在一定程度上能够取代人工的操作.工业机器人在实际的发展过程中是一种集机械以及电子计算技术等为于一体的人工智能的产品.本文研究分析了机器人的车身焊接技术研究.希望在一定的程度上能够为相关的工作人员提供一定的理论支持和实践参考.     

某车型潮湿环境下制动抱死问题整改研究

为解决某车型售后用户抱怨在汽车刚开始行驶时(冷启动,尤其每天早晨)的后轮制动抱死问题,分析可能造成潮湿环境下后轮制动抱死的原因.通过分析试验得出:鼓式制动器的摩擦片材料锈粘着问题是导致潮湿环境下制动抱死的主要原因.     

汽车电动真空泵设计及应用

电动真空泵是电动汽车真空制动系统重要的零件,该文介绍电动真空泵的结构、工作原理,以及电动真空泵的三个重要性能;通过真空制动系统对真空源的需求,探讨电动真空泵的选型和整车布置.