Development of hot stamped center pillar using form die with channel type indirect blank holder

The hot stamping process has been used in the automotive industry to reduce the weight of the body-in-white and to increase passenger safety via improved crashworthiness. However, defects such as fracture and wrinkle occur when hot stamping is performed using a conventional drawing or forming method. In this study, a channel-type indirect blank holder (CIBH) is proposed to develop a high-strength center pillar in form-type hot stamping, so that the aforementioned drawbacks are overcome. This type of blank holder plays an important role in reducing severe wrinkling at the flange; such wrinkling leads to folding after the completion of form-type hot-stamping. First, we investigated the effect of the channel shape on the indirect blank holding force by using a simplified two-dimensional plane-strain stamping process. Second, we selected the slope angle and corner radius of the channel as the main shape parameters by finite element analysis and artificial neural network (ANN). It is known that fracture at the hot formed wall and wrinkle at the flange are significantly affected by the slope angle of the channel, and the appropriate value for eliminating fracture and wrinkle is determined to be 99°. By performing hot stamping using a form die with the selected channel, we can manufacture a high-strength center pillar without wrinkle and fracture.     

温度对盐渍土抗剪强度和变形特性的影响

为了明确因冻结温度和结晶差异造成的温度对盐渍土抗剪强度和变形特性的影响，以高含盐量和不同盐分类型的盐渍土为研究对象开展试验研究。首先，选用青藏高原察尔汗-格尔木高速公路沿线采集的含盐量为10%~36%的氯盐含量高、硫酸盐含量低的盐渍土土样（HC-1，HC-2）和硫酸盐含量较高而氯盐含量较低的盐渍土土样（CS）3种高含盐量盐渍土作为试验土样，对3种土样进行冻结温度试验，验证其降温至-20℃时，土体不会发生冻结。其次，在5个不同控制温度（-20℃、-10℃、0℃、10℃和20℃）下，分别进行盐渍土直剪试验以得出温度与抗剪强度参数关系函数。最后，分析温度对抗剪强度和弹性模量的影响，同时，利用数值拟合建立考虑温度影响下的盐渍土抗剪强度和切线弹性模量公式。研究结果表明：当温度由20℃降低至-10℃，3种盐渍土的抗剪强度和初始切线弹性模量均增大后趋于峰值，而随温度继续降低至-20℃后，HC-1和HC-2土样指标呈下降趋势，CS土样各参数结果却趋于稳定；不同含盐类型的盐渍土，温度对其破坏比R_f的影响也不同；在温度由20℃降至-20℃的过程中，HC土样的R_f在-10℃出现峰值，且在较低荷载（100 kPa）下，呈现出先增大后减小的特点，在较高荷载（200，300，400 kPa）下呈现出先增大后趋缓的特点；CS土样的R_f在20℃~10℃、10℃~-10℃和-10℃~-20℃降温段呈现出先增大中趋缓后减小的分段式变化特点。     

Bicyclist commuters’ choice of on-street versus off-street route segments

When using limited funds on bicycle facilities, it would be helpful to know the extent to which a new facility will be used. If a bicycle lane is added to a street, how many bicyclists will no longer use the adjacent sidewalk? If a separate bicycle path is constructed, how many bicyclists will move from the street or sidewalk? This study seeks to identify factors that explain a bicyclist’s choice between available facility choices—off-street (sidewalk and bicycle path) or on-street (bicycle lane and roadway). This paper investigates these issues through a survey of bicyclists headed to Purdue University in West Lafayette, IN, USA. The first data collected to address these questions were “site-based”. Bicyclists were interviewed on campus at the end of their trips and asked which part of the cross-sections along their routes they had used—on-street or off-street. The characteristics of a particular cross-section of street right-of-way were then compared against the characteristics of each bicyclist and his/her observed choice of street, sidewalk, lane, or path. Later, “route-based” serial data were also added. The study developed a mixed logit model to analyze the bicyclists’ facility preferences and capture the unobserved heterogeneity across the population. Effective sidewalk width, traffic signals, segment length, road functional class, street pavement condition, and one-way street configuration were found to be statistically significant. A bicycle path is found to be more attractive than a bicycle lane. Predictions from the model can indicate where investments in particular bicycle facilities would have the most desirable response from bicyclists.     

KCS船型浅水操纵水动力计算

以国际船舶操纵性比较研究标准船型KCS为对象,采用一种基于细长体理论的数值方法计算船舶在浅水中以一定的航速航行时的操纵运动线性水动力导数,给出的结果反映出水深和航速的影响;数值结果和现有的经验公式估算结果进行比较,验证该方法的有效性.     

高速公路通信光纤故障检测与分析

论述高速公路通信光纤的常用检测方法,重点分析光时域反射检测方法的原理和影响因素,结合工程检测实例对高速公路通信光纤的常见故障进行相关分析,根据分析结果提出减少光纤故障的措施.     

船用蒸汽发生器给水控制系统仿真试验平台的设计与实现

针对船用汽轮给水泵转速控制系统中自能源进汽调节阀改为电动进汽调节阀的改进方案,设计并实现了一种船用蒸汽发生器给水控制系统仿真试验平台,建立了船用蒸汽发生器给水控制系统数学模型,包括蒸汽发生器数学模型、汽轮给水泵数学模型、给水管道及给水调节阀数学模型,设计了蒸汽发生器水位控制器以及汽轮给水泵转速控制器,通过与模拟机仿真结果比较验证了仿真试验平台的有效性.     

衡钢物流发展方向探讨

分析衡钢物流发展的现状及存在的问题,从改变企业物流决策机制,确立物流在企业中的战略地位,重视信息化建设等方面提出了衡钢物流发展的方向.     

高速铁路工务运营维护与管理

分析在覆盖区域大、地质复杂的条件下,中国高速铁路工务工程"高可靠性、高稳定性、高平顺性"的技术特点,针对路网规模大、运营速度高、行车密度大的特征,围绕高速铁路运营的"安全、舒适、秩序",研究提出工务设备管理维护模式,在高速铁路安全运营实践的基础上,提出适合中国高速铁路工务设备检查、监控、修理的对策。     

吃早餐有学问

早餐每天都在吃,怎样吃才最健康却是门学问. 先喝水再早餐起床后先喝杯清水然后再吃早餐比较好.这是因为在夜间的睡眠中,人体大部分器官都得到了充分休息,惟独消化器官仍在消化、吸收晚餐留在胃肠道中的食物,到凌晨才真正进入休息状态.如果早餐吃得过早,就会影响胃肠道的休息.     

电喷摩托车的电起动电路结构(2)

<正>五羊——本田优客(上接2014年第1期)五羊——本田优客有2款车型,分别是普通款的(STD)型和集中制动款的(HGBS)型,图5为普通型的电起动电路原理图。蓄电池正电源通过主保险后,由输出端红/白色(R/W)线进入点火保险和电源继电器的触点一端。电源由点火保险输出端黑/蓝色(B1/Bu)线进入电门锁,打开电门锁后,电源由黑/白色(B1/W)线进入起动继电器的线圈一端、ECM和电源继电器的线圈一端。电源继电器线圈另一端为固定搭铁的绿色线,电源继电器线圈得电吸合触点,电源由触点另一端红/黄色(R/Y)线进入信号保险。