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151.
Benson H. Tongue Andrew K. Packard Professor Paul Sachi Graduate Research Assistant 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1997,28(6):357-383
This paper presents a method with which one can evaluate alternative platooning control strategies with respect to worst case behavior. The motivation is to provide platoon control designers with an objective means of evaluating robustness in the face of system uncertainties. The approach can be viewed as an extension of optimal control procedures and is applicable to complex, nonlinear systems. An arbitrary number of uncertain parameters, unmodeled components and inputs are allowed. The end result is a lower bound for the worst case platoon performance. 相似文献
152.
2006年美国的进口车带着新技术浪潮到达美国海岸。本田(Honda)本田推出了全新的Civic系列——四门、双门、Si双门和混合动力轿车。由于Civic每年销售超过30万辆,你可以想到将来需要多少维护!混合动力车进行了非常聪明的再设计,因此虽然它在结构配置上没有什么实质的改变,但却将 相似文献
153.
Welfare maximization for bus transit systems with timed transfers and financial constraints 下载免费PDF全文
Conventional and flexible bus services may be combined to better serve regions with a wide range of characteristics. If demand densities and resulting service frequencies are low, the coordination of bus arrivals at transfer stations may significantly reduce passenger transfer times. A method is proposed for integrating, coordinating, and optimizing bus services while considering many‐to‐many travel patterns, demand elasticity, financial constraints, and appropriate service type for various regions. The objective is to maximize welfare, that is, the sum of producer and consumer surplus. The problem is solved with a hybrid optimization method, in which a genetic algorithm with bounded integer variables is selected for solving one of the subproblems. The service types, fares, headways, and service zone sizes are jointly optimized. Sensitivity analyses explore how the choice among conventional and flexible busses depends on the demand, subsidy, and demand elasticity parameters. The results also show that welfare can increase due to coordination, and these increases are found to be higher in cases with high demand or low subsidy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
154.
A new procedure for generating optimal transport strategies has been applied in nine European cities. A public sector objective
function which reflects concerns over efficiency, environmental impact, finance and sustainability is specified and a set
of policy measures with acceptable ranges on each, identified. Optimal strategies based on combinations of these policy measures
which generate the optimal value of the objective function, are identified, and compared between cities. Resulting policy
recommendations are presented. The results demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach to transport strategy formulation.
They emphasise the role of changes in public transport service levels and of fares, and of charges for car use. By contrast,
new infrastructure projects are less frequently justified. In the majority of cities the revenues from car use charges are
sufficient to finance other elements in the strategy. However, private sector involvement either in initial financing or in
operation may be desirable. Revised objective functions to reflect private sector involvement are specified, and optimal strategies
with private sector operation of public transport are also identified. The requirement to meet private sector rates of return
for public transport operation typically results in lower frequencies and higher fares; charges for car use then need to be
raised to satisfy public policy objectives, but system performance is reduced.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
155.
Thromboembolicdiseasesareamajorcauseofmorbidityandmortality.Thepathogenicmechanismsofthediseasesre-mainunclear.Fourfactors,in... 相似文献
156.
Residential mobility and location choice: a nested logit model with sampling of alternatives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Residential mobility and relocation choice are essential parts of integrated transportation and land use models. These decision
processes have been examined and modeled individually to a great extent but there remain gaps in the literature on the underlying
behaviors that connect them. Households may partly base their decision to move from or stay at a current location on the price
and quality of the available alternatives. Conversely, households that are on the market for a new location may evaluate housing
choices relative to their previous residence. How and the degree to which these decisions relate to each other are, however,
not completely understood. This research is intended to contribute to the body of empirical evidence that will help answer
these questions. It is hypothesized that residential mobility and location choice are related household decisions that can
be modeled together using a two-tier hierarchical structure. This paper presents a novel nested logit (NL) model with sampling
of alternatives and a proposed procedure for sampling bias correction. The model was estimated using full-information maximum
likelihood estimation methods. The results confirm the applicability of this NL model and support similar findings from other
empirical studies in the residential mobility and location choice literature. 相似文献