Development of hot stamped center pillar using form die with channel type indirect blank holder

The hot stamping process has been used in the automotive industry to reduce the weight of the body-in-white and to increase passenger safety via improved crashworthiness. However, defects such as fracture and wrinkle occur when hot stamping is performed using a conventional drawing or forming method. In this study, a channel-type indirect blank holder (CIBH) is proposed to develop a high-strength center pillar in form-type hot stamping, so that the aforementioned drawbacks are overcome. This type of blank holder plays an important role in reducing severe wrinkling at the flange; such wrinkling leads to folding after the completion of form-type hot-stamping. First, we investigated the effect of the channel shape on the indirect blank holding force by using a simplified two-dimensional plane-strain stamping process. Second, we selected the slope angle and corner radius of the channel as the main shape parameters by finite element analysis and artificial neural network (ANN). It is known that fracture at the hot formed wall and wrinkle at the flange are significantly affected by the slope angle of the channel, and the appropriate value for eliminating fracture and wrinkle is determined to be 99°. By performing hot stamping using a form die with the selected channel, we can manufacture a high-strength center pillar without wrinkle and fracture.     

热扰动对冻土区片块石路基热状态变化特性的影响研究

随着我国现阶段的公路建设里程不断增长,相较于常规平原地区,高寒冻土区公路建设过程要克服冻土路基带来的各类不良影响。针对热扰动对冻土区片块石路基带来的影响进行深入研究,在分析该区域高等级公路路基状态的过程中,采集片块石路基的温度状态、吸放热状态和冻融循环状态等方面数据,探讨了其热状态变化的整体规律。研究结果显示:片块石路基在冻土区有着很好的热稳定性作用,可实现主动冷却作用;片块石路基能通过加快温差空气间的流通速度,避免热扰动对路基温度产生过于明显的影响,从而减少热扰动所带来的各类路基病害;片块石路基正下方的最大融化深度正逐步提高;片块石路基的阴阳面存在吸放热不平衡的情况,阳面路肩吸放热量达到阴面路肩吸放热量的2.7倍,阳面坡脚吸放热量达到阴面坡脚吸放热量的2.3倍;随着片块石路基阴阳面吸放热不平衡的发展,其对应的阴面冻土升温速度小于阳面冻土,阴面冻土上限发展程度同样小于阳面冻土。     

Bicyclist commuters’ choice of on-street versus off-street route segments

When using limited funds on bicycle facilities, it would be helpful to know the extent to which a new facility will be used. If a bicycle lane is added to a street, how many bicyclists will no longer use the adjacent sidewalk? If a separate bicycle path is constructed, how many bicyclists will move from the street or sidewalk? This study seeks to identify factors that explain a bicyclist’s choice between available facility choices—off-street (sidewalk and bicycle path) or on-street (bicycle lane and roadway). This paper investigates these issues through a survey of bicyclists headed to Purdue University in West Lafayette, IN, USA. The first data collected to address these questions were “site-based”. Bicyclists were interviewed on campus at the end of their trips and asked which part of the cross-sections along their routes they had used—on-street or off-street. The characteristics of a particular cross-section of street right-of-way were then compared against the characteristics of each bicyclist and his/her observed choice of street, sidewalk, lane, or path. Later, “route-based” serial data were also added. The study developed a mixed logit model to analyze the bicyclists’ facility preferences and capture the unobserved heterogeneity across the population. Effective sidewalk width, traffic signals, segment length, road functional class, street pavement condition, and one-way street configuration were found to be statistically significant. A bicycle path is found to be more attractive than a bicycle lane. Predictions from the model can indicate where investments in particular bicycle facilities would have the most desirable response from bicyclists.     

梁桥冲击系数实测值与规范取值差异分析

桥梁冲击系数实测值与规范值的偏差会引起对桥梁结构的实际状况评价趋于保守或偏不安全.以实测数据为统计样本,对梁式桥冲击系数实测值与规范取值的差异趋势及成因进行分析.分析结果表明:冲击系数受车辆自振特性、行车速度、车一桥频率耦合作用以及桥面平整度等诸多因素的影响以致其实测值与规范取值往往有较大偏差,连续梁桥更加明显;04规范对30~50 m跨径连续梁桥冲击系数取值偏不安全或安全储备偏小:89规范对于30m以上跨径梁桥冲击系数取值偏不安全;冲击系数峰值车速出现在20~30km/h的概率最大.在使用规范进行承载力评价时应综合考虑各种因素的影响.     

高速铁路工务运营维护与管理

分析在覆盖区域大、地质复杂的条件下,中国高速铁路工务工程"高可靠性、高稳定性、高平顺性"的技术特点,针对路网规模大、运营速度高、行车密度大的特征,围绕高速铁路运营的"安全、舒适、秩序",研究提出工务设备管理维护模式,在高速铁路安全运营实践的基础上,提出适合中国高速铁路工务设备检查、监控、修理的对策。     

吃早餐有学问

早餐每天都在吃,怎样吃才最健康却是门学问. 先喝水再早餐起床后先喝杯清水然后再吃早餐比较好.这是因为在夜间的睡眠中,人体大部分器官都得到了充分休息,惟独消化器官仍在消化、吸收晚餐留在胃肠道中的食物,到凌晨才真正进入休息状态.如果早餐吃得过早,就会影响胃肠道的休息.     

电喷摩托车的电起动电路结构(2)

<正>五羊——本田优客(上接2014年第1期)五羊——本田优客有2款车型,分别是普通款的(STD)型和集中制动款的(HGBS)型,图5为普通型的电起动电路原理图。蓄电池正电源通过主保险后,由输出端红/白色(R/W)线进入点火保险和电源继电器的触点一端。电源由点火保险输出端黑/蓝色(B1/Bu)线进入电门锁,打开电门锁后,电源由黑/白色(B1/W)线进入起动继电器的线圈一端、ECM和电源继电器的线圈一端。电源继电器线圈另一端为固定搭铁的绿色线,电源继电器线圈得电吸合触点,电源由触点另一端红/黄色(R/Y)线进入信号保险。     

增殖细胞核抗原在胃癌中的表达与淋巴结转移、预后的关系

为探讨增殖细胞核抗原 ( Proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)在胃癌的表达与淋巴结转移及预后的关系 ,采用免疫组化法 ( ABC法 )测定 94例胃癌石蜡包埋标本。结果 :1胃粘膜不同病理状态下 PCNA指数差异显著 ( P <0 .0 1 ) ;2PCNA指数同患者的性别和年龄无关 ( P >0 .0 5 ) ,与肿瘤的生长方式、组织类型、浆膜层受侵与否、淋巴结转移与否和临床分期关系密切 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ;3PCNA指数与胃癌的预后密切相关 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ,弱级 ( 1～ 2级 )表达的患者预后较好 ,提示 PCNA检测可作为判断胃癌生物学行为和预后的一项良好指标。     

51800DWT冰区加强型成品油轮船体结构设计

51800DWT冰区加强型化学品／成品油轮是广船国际自行开发设计的、具有世界先进水平的北极冰区航线成品油／化学品船。该船可满足全球造船业所公认的高等级规范“瑞典-芬兰冰级1Asuper”。本文结合冰区加强结构设计介绍该船的船体结构设计特点。